Deck 20: The Spine

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Question
Identify the important points that should be covered in an observation to rule out serious back conditions.
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Question
Identify what an athlete can do to prevent neck injuries.
Question
Discuss the mechanisms, signs, symptoms, and management of cervical fractures and dislocations.
Question
Discuss the special tests that can be performed in an evaluation of the lumbar spine.
Question
The cervicis region is located in the:

A) neck.
B) middle back.
C) abdomen.
D) low back.
Question
How many vertebrae are present in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions of the spine?

A) 5, 12, and 7, respectively
B) 10, 20, and 5, respectively
C) 7, 12, and 5, respectively
D) 7, 15, and 5, respectively
Question
Which of the following is true of the sacrum?

A) It consists of the atlas and the axis that permit cervical rotation.
B) It is the most inferior part of the vertebral column.
C) It is the largest vertebra, with large spinous and transverse processes.
D) It is formed by the fusion of five vertebrae and constitutes the pelvis.
Question
Sports movements that characteristically hyperextend the spine are likely to cause:

A) spondylolisthesis.
B) sciatica.
C) intervertebral disc syndrome.
D) spondylolysis.
Question
Which of the following is a deep muscle that extends and rotates the spine?

A) The thoracis
B) The hamstrings
C) The trapezius
D) The lumborum
Question
Which of the following statements is true of sciatica?

A) It is a complication of spondylolysis, often resulting in hypermobility of a vertebral segment.
B) It refers to a degeneration of the vertebrae and, more commonly, a defect in the articular processes of the vertebrae.
C) It produces a sharp shooting pain that follows the nerve pathway along the posterior and medial thigh.
D) It usually creates centrally located pain that radiates on one side to the buttocks and down the back of the leg.
Question
Which of the following is considered the strongest and the thickest of the vertebrae?

A) Cervical
B) Thoracic
C) Lumbar
D) Sacral
Question
Which of the following parts of the spine is vulnerable to sports injuries and consists of seven vertebrae?

A) The cervical spine
B) The thoracic spine
C) The coccyx
D) The sacrum
Question
Which of the following is true of a cervical dislocation?

A) It is an inflammatory condition of the sciatic nerve.
B) It occurs less frequently in sports than does a fracture.
C) It usually results from the violent flexion of the forearm.
D) It produces many of the same signs as a fracture.
Question
Which of the following tests checks for sacroiliac joint dysfunction?

A) The straight leg raising test
B) The compression test
C) The distraction test
D) All of the answers are correct.
Question
Which of the following signs and/or symptoms is the most easily discernible difference between a cervical dislocation and cervical fracture?

A) The position of the neck
B) Numbness
C) Pain
D) The weakness of muscles
Question
Which of the following activities helps prevent lower back injuries?

A) Arching the back while standing
B) Reducing abdominal strength
C) Sleeping on one's stomach
D) Putting one's feet flat on the floor when sitting
Question
Most serious cervical injuries in football result from:

A) axial loading while spearing.
B) hyperextension due to pushing the face mask up.
C) hyperflexion due to tackling the legs of the opponent.
D) the grabbing and twisting of face masks by opponents.
Question
Which of the following is the most common mechanism for low back strain?

A) Sudden extension with trunk rotation
B) Sudden flexion with trunk rotation
C) Hyperflexion with rotation
D) Side bending with rotation
Question
An athlete is unable to use the arm and complains of unilateral burning sensation, numbness and tingling, and pain extending from the shoulder down to the hand. However, after a short while, the signs disappear. The athlete is most likely suffering from:

A) acute torticollis.
B) a spinal cord contusion.
C) a pinched nerve.
D) whiplash.
Question
Which of the following is a sign of a cervical neck fracture?

A) Cervical pain
B) Neck point tenderness
C) Cervical muscle spasm
D) All of the answers are correct.
Question
When does disc herniation occur?

A) When the vertebrae slip forward and put pressure on the nerve root
B) When the nucleus pulposus of a disc presses a nerve root
C) When the pars of the vertebrae are fractured
D) When the sciatic nerve is pinched
Question
Sciatica is a term used to describe:

A) generalized low back pain.
B) the inflammation of the sciatic nerve.
C) chronic back pain.
D) the stretching of the sciatic nerve.
Question
A compression fracture of the lumbar vertebrae most often occurs as a result of:

A) hyperextension.
B) rotation.
C) hyperflexion.
D) side bending.
Question
Which lumbar vertebra is most likely to slip as a result of spondylolisthesis?

A) L5
B) L4
C) L3
D) L2
Question
Which of the following occurs when hip levels are asymmetrical?

A) Disc herniation
B) Sacroiliac sprain
C) Spondylolysis
D) Sciatica
Question
Special tests for the lumbar spine should be performed in standing, sitting, supine, side-lying, and prone positions.
Question
The cervical and lumbar regions of the spine allow for extension and flexion.
Question
A football player or wrestler with a short neck is especially at risk for neck injury.
Question
A cervical fracture should always be suspected with an unconscious athlete.
Question
In axial loading of the cervical vertebrae, the normal anterior curve in the cervical spine flattens out.
Question
The neck muscles can function to protect the cervical spine by resisting excessive hyperflexion, hyperextension, or rotational forces.
Question
Spondylolysis refers to a degeneration of the vertebra and, more commonly, a defect in the articular processes of the vertebra.
Question
Fractures of the transverse and spinous processes result most often from a kick or other direct impact to the back.
Question
When treating a cervical sprain (where the physician has ruled out a fracture) of an athlete, it is important to make the athlete wear a soft cervical collar to reduce muscle spasm.
Question
Sciatica is a general term that describes all lower back pain irrespective of the exact causes.
Question
After an athlete suffers a contusion of the back, it is important to make sure the athlete does not have any kidney-related problems.
Question
The first two vertebrae in the cervical region allow for flexion and extension of the neck.
Question
Recognition of the compression fracture is difficult without an X-ray examination.
Question
The spinal column extends from the cranium to the first or second lumbar vertebra.
Question
The spinal cord is that portion of the central nervous system that is contained within the vertebral canal of the spinal column.
Question
An injury to the coccyx is usually the result of being kicked by an opponent or falling and landing hard on the buttocks.
Question
Spondylolisthesis is a complication of spondylolysis and most commonly results in a slipping of the fifth lumbar vertebra.
Question
Acute torticollis occurs when a small piece of synovial membrane is impinged between two cervical vertebrae.
Question
A sprain of the neck produces tears in the supporting tissue of the anterior or posterior longitudinal ligaments, the interspinous ligament, or the supraspinous ligament.
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Deck 20: The Spine
1
Identify the important points that should be covered in an observation to rule out serious back conditions.
Not Answer
2
Identify what an athlete can do to prevent neck injuries.
Not Answer
3
Discuss the mechanisms, signs, symptoms, and management of cervical fractures and dislocations.
Not Answer
4
Discuss the special tests that can be performed in an evaluation of the lumbar spine.
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
5
The cervicis region is located in the:

A) neck.
B) middle back.
C) abdomen.
D) low back.
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
6
How many vertebrae are present in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions of the spine?

A) 5, 12, and 7, respectively
B) 10, 20, and 5, respectively
C) 7, 12, and 5, respectively
D) 7, 15, and 5, respectively
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
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7
Which of the following is true of the sacrum?

A) It consists of the atlas and the axis that permit cervical rotation.
B) It is the most inferior part of the vertebral column.
C) It is the largest vertebra, with large spinous and transverse processes.
D) It is formed by the fusion of five vertebrae and constitutes the pelvis.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
8
Sports movements that characteristically hyperextend the spine are likely to cause:

A) spondylolisthesis.
B) sciatica.
C) intervertebral disc syndrome.
D) spondylolysis.
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
9
Which of the following is a deep muscle that extends and rotates the spine?

A) The thoracis
B) The hamstrings
C) The trapezius
D) The lumborum
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
10
Which of the following statements is true of sciatica?

A) It is a complication of spondylolysis, often resulting in hypermobility of a vertebral segment.
B) It refers to a degeneration of the vertebrae and, more commonly, a defect in the articular processes of the vertebrae.
C) It produces a sharp shooting pain that follows the nerve pathway along the posterior and medial thigh.
D) It usually creates centrally located pain that radiates on one side to the buttocks and down the back of the leg.
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
11
Which of the following is considered the strongest and the thickest of the vertebrae?

A) Cervical
B) Thoracic
C) Lumbar
D) Sacral
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
12
Which of the following parts of the spine is vulnerable to sports injuries and consists of seven vertebrae?

A) The cervical spine
B) The thoracic spine
C) The coccyx
D) The sacrum
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
13
Which of the following is true of a cervical dislocation?

A) It is an inflammatory condition of the sciatic nerve.
B) It occurs less frequently in sports than does a fracture.
C) It usually results from the violent flexion of the forearm.
D) It produces many of the same signs as a fracture.
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
14
Which of the following tests checks for sacroiliac joint dysfunction?

A) The straight leg raising test
B) The compression test
C) The distraction test
D) All of the answers are correct.
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
15
Which of the following signs and/or symptoms is the most easily discernible difference between a cervical dislocation and cervical fracture?

A) The position of the neck
B) Numbness
C) Pain
D) The weakness of muscles
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
16
Which of the following activities helps prevent lower back injuries?

A) Arching the back while standing
B) Reducing abdominal strength
C) Sleeping on one's stomach
D) Putting one's feet flat on the floor when sitting
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
17
Most serious cervical injuries in football result from:

A) axial loading while spearing.
B) hyperextension due to pushing the face mask up.
C) hyperflexion due to tackling the legs of the opponent.
D) the grabbing and twisting of face masks by opponents.
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
18
Which of the following is the most common mechanism for low back strain?

A) Sudden extension with trunk rotation
B) Sudden flexion with trunk rotation
C) Hyperflexion with rotation
D) Side bending with rotation
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
19
An athlete is unable to use the arm and complains of unilateral burning sensation, numbness and tingling, and pain extending from the shoulder down to the hand. However, after a short while, the signs disappear. The athlete is most likely suffering from:

A) acute torticollis.
B) a spinal cord contusion.
C) a pinched nerve.
D) whiplash.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
20
Which of the following is a sign of a cervical neck fracture?

A) Cervical pain
B) Neck point tenderness
C) Cervical muscle spasm
D) All of the answers are correct.
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
21
When does disc herniation occur?

A) When the vertebrae slip forward and put pressure on the nerve root
B) When the nucleus pulposus of a disc presses a nerve root
C) When the pars of the vertebrae are fractured
D) When the sciatic nerve is pinched
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
22
Sciatica is a term used to describe:

A) generalized low back pain.
B) the inflammation of the sciatic nerve.
C) chronic back pain.
D) the stretching of the sciatic nerve.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
23
A compression fracture of the lumbar vertebrae most often occurs as a result of:

A) hyperextension.
B) rotation.
C) hyperflexion.
D) side bending.
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
24
Which lumbar vertebra is most likely to slip as a result of spondylolisthesis?

A) L5
B) L4
C) L3
D) L2
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
25
Which of the following occurs when hip levels are asymmetrical?

A) Disc herniation
B) Sacroiliac sprain
C) Spondylolysis
D) Sciatica
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
26
Special tests for the lumbar spine should be performed in standing, sitting, supine, side-lying, and prone positions.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
27
The cervical and lumbar regions of the spine allow for extension and flexion.
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
28
A football player or wrestler with a short neck is especially at risk for neck injury.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
29
A cervical fracture should always be suspected with an unconscious athlete.
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
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k this deck
30
In axial loading of the cervical vertebrae, the normal anterior curve in the cervical spine flattens out.
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k this deck
31
The neck muscles can function to protect the cervical spine by resisting excessive hyperflexion, hyperextension, or rotational forces.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
32
Spondylolysis refers to a degeneration of the vertebra and, more commonly, a defect in the articular processes of the vertebra.
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
33
Fractures of the transverse and spinous processes result most often from a kick or other direct impact to the back.
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
34
When treating a cervical sprain (where the physician has ruled out a fracture) of an athlete, it is important to make the athlete wear a soft cervical collar to reduce muscle spasm.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
35
Sciatica is a general term that describes all lower back pain irrespective of the exact causes.
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
36
After an athlete suffers a contusion of the back, it is important to make sure the athlete does not have any kidney-related problems.
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Unlock for access to all 44 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
37
The first two vertebrae in the cervical region allow for flexion and extension of the neck.
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k this deck
38
Recognition of the compression fracture is difficult without an X-ray examination.
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k this deck
39
The spinal column extends from the cranium to the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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k this deck
40
The spinal cord is that portion of the central nervous system that is contained within the vertebral canal of the spinal column.
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k this deck
41
An injury to the coccyx is usually the result of being kicked by an opponent or falling and landing hard on the buttocks.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
42
Spondylolisthesis is a complication of spondylolysis and most commonly results in a slipping of the fifth lumbar vertebra.
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Unlock Deck
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43
Acute torticollis occurs when a small piece of synovial membrane is impinged between two cervical vertebrae.
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Unlock Deck
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44
A sprain of the neck produces tears in the supporting tissue of the anterior or posterior longitudinal ligaments, the interspinous ligament, or the supraspinous ligament.
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k this deck
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