Question 1

Identify what an athlete can do to prevent neck injuries.

Accepted Answer

An athlete can take several proactive steps to prevent neck injuries, which are particularly important in contact sports or activities that place stress on the neck area. Here are some strategies to minimize the risk of neck injuries:

1. **Strengthening Exercises**: Engage in exercises that strengthen the neck muscles. Strong neck muscles can provide better support and reduce the likelihood of injury. This can include isometric exercises, where you push your head against your hand in different directions without allowing your head to move.

2. **Flexibility Training**: Incorporate flexibility exercises into your routine to maintain a full range of motion in your neck. Stretching can help prevent strains and sprains.

3. **Proper Technique**: Learn and consistently apply proper technique in your sport. For example, in football, players should be taught to tackle with their heads up to avoid 'spear tackling,' which can lead to serious neck injuries.

4. **Use of Appropriate Gear**: Wear the correct protective equipment for your sport, such as a well-fitted helmet and any additional neck support gear that is recommended. This equipment should be properly maintained and replaced as needed.

5. **Education and Awareness**: Understand the risks of your sport and be aware of how neck injuries occur. This knowledge can help you avoid risky behaviors and recognize when to seek medical attention for neck pain or injury.

6. **Warm-Up Properly**: Always warm up before practice or competition to prepare your muscles and joints for the physical activity. This can include light cardiovascular exercise followed by dynamic stretching.

7. **Maintain Good Posture**: Practice good posture in daily activities, not just during sports. This can help prevent chronic strain on your neck muscles.

8. **Hydration and Nutrition**: Stay well-hydrated and maintain a balanced diet to keep your muscles and tissues in good condition, which can help prevent injuries.

9. **Rest and Recovery**: Ensure you get adequate rest and allow for proper recovery time between intense training sessions or competitions. Overuse of muscles can lead to injury.

10. **Consult Professionals**: Work with coaches, trainers, or physical therapists to ensure that you are exercising correctly and addressing any predispositions you might have to neck injuries.

By following these guidelines, athletes can reduce their risk of sustaining neck injuries and maintain a healthy and active lifestyle in their chosen sports.

Question 2

A football player or wrestler with a short neck is especially at risk for neck injury.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Which of the following tests checks for sacroiliac joint dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

A)  The straight leg raising test 
B)  The compression test 
C)  The distraction test 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  The straight leg raising test 
B)  The compression test 
C)  The distraction test 
D)  All of the answers are correct. D

Question 4

Sports movements that characteristically hyperextend the spine are likely to cause:

Accepted Answer

A)  spondylolisthesis. 
B)  sciatica. 
C)  intervertebral disc syndrome. 
D)  spondylolysis. 
A)  spondylolisthesis. 
B)  sciatica. 
C)  intervertebral disc syndrome. 
D)  spondylolysis.

Question 5

Special tests for the lumbar spine should be performed in standing, sitting, supine, side-lying, and prone positions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A sprain of the neck produces tears in the supporting tissue of the anterior or posterior longitudinal ligaments, the interspinous ligament, or the supraspinous ligament.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Identify the important points that should be covered in an observation to rule out serious back conditions.

Accepted Answer

When conducting an observation to rule o

Question 8

In axial loading of the cervical vertebrae, the normal anterior curve in the cervical spine flattens out.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The first two vertebrae in the cervical region allow for flexion and extension of the neck.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Discuss the mechanisms, signs, symptoms, and management of cervical fractures and dislocations.

Accepted Answer

Cervical fractures and dislocations are

Question 11

Which of the following is considered the strongest and the thickest of the vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cervical 
B)  Thoracic 
C)  Lumbar 
D)  Sacral 
A)  Cervical 
B)  Thoracic 
C)  Lumbar 
D)  Sacral

Question 12

When does disc herniation occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  When the vertebrae slip forward and put pressure on the nerve root 
B)  When the nucleus pulposus of a disc presses a nerve root 
C)  When the pars of the vertebrae are fractured 
D)  When the sciatic nerve is pinched 
A)  When the vertebrae slip forward and put pressure on the nerve root 
B)  When the nucleus pulposus of a disc presses a nerve root 
C)  When the pars of the vertebrae are fractured 
D)  When the sciatic nerve is pinched

Question 13

Recognition of the compression fracture is difficult without an X-ray examination.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

When treating a cervical sprain (where the physician has ruled out a fracture) of an athlete, it is important to make the athlete wear a soft cervical collar to reduce muscle spasm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which lumbar vertebra is most likely to slip as a result of spondylolisthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  L5 
B)  L4 
C)  L3 
D)  L2 
A)  L5 
B)  L4 
C)  L3 
D)  L2

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true of sciatica?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a complication of spondylolysis, often resulting in hypermobility of a vertebral segment. 
B)  It refers to a degeneration of the vertebrae and, more commonly, a defect in the articular processes of the vertebrae. 
C)  It produces a sharp shooting pain that follows the nerve pathway along the posterior and medial thigh. 
D)  It usually creates centrally located pain that radiates on one side to the buttocks and down the back of the leg. 
A)  It is a complication of spondylolysis, often resulting in hypermobility of a vertebral segment. 
B)  It refers to a degeneration of the vertebrae and, more commonly, a defect in the articular processes of the vertebrae. 
C)  It produces a sharp shooting pain that follows the nerve pathway along the posterior and medial thigh. 
D)  It usually creates centrally located pain that radiates on one side to the buttocks and down the back of the leg.

Question 17

An injury to the coccyx is usually the result of being kicked by an opponent or falling and landing hard on the buttocks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Sciatica is a term used to describe:

Accepted Answer

A)  generalized low back pain. 
B)  the inflammation of the sciatic nerve. 
C)  chronic back pain. 
D)  the stretching of the sciatic nerve. 
A)  generalized low back pain. 
B)  the inflammation of the sciatic nerve. 
C)  chronic back pain. 
D)  the stretching of the sciatic nerve.

Question 19

Which of the following occurs when hip levels are asymmetrical?

Accepted Answer

A)  Disc herniation 
B)  Sacroiliac sprain 
C)  Spondylolysis 
D)  Sciatica 
A)  Disc herniation 
B)  Sacroiliac sprain 
C)  Spondylolysis 
D)  Sciatica

Question 20

The cervical and lumbar regions of the spine allow for extension and flexion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 20: The Spine

Identify what an athlete can do to prevent neck injuries.

A football player or wrestler with a short neck is especially at risk for neck injury.

Which of the following tests checks for sacroiliac joint dysfunction?

Sports movements that characteristically hyperextend the spine are likely to cause:

Special tests for the lumbar spine should be performed in standing, sitting, supine, side-lying, and prone positions.

A sprain of the neck produces tears in the supporting tissue of the anterior or posterior longitudinal ligaments, the interspinous ligament, or the supraspinous ligament.

Identify the important points that should be covered in an observation to rule out serious back conditions.

In axial loading of the cervical vertebrae, the normal anterior curve in the cervical spine flattens out.

The first two vertebrae in the cervical region allow for flexion and extension of the neck.

Discuss the mechanisms, signs, symptoms, and management of cervical fractures and dislocations.

Which of the following is considered the strongest and the thickest of the vertebrae?

When does disc herniation occur?

Recognition of the compression fracture is difficult without an X-ray examination.

When treating a cervical sprain (where the physician has ruled out a fracture) of an athlete, it is important to make the athlete wear a soft cervical collar to reduce muscle spasm.

Which lumbar vertebra is most likely to slip as a result of spondylolisthesis?

Which of the following statements is true of sciatica?

An injury to the coccyx is usually the result of being kicked by an opponent or falling and landing hard on the buttocks.

Sciatica is a term used to describe:

Which of the following occurs when hip levels are asymmetrical?

The cervical and lumbar regions of the spine allow for extension and flexion.

Fitness Professionals, Coaches, and the Sports Medicine Team: Defining Roles

Organizing and Administering an Athletic Health Care Program

Legal Liability and Insurance

Preventing Injuries Through Fitness Training

Sports Nutrition and Supplements

Selecting and Using Protective Sports Equipment

Understanding the Potential Dangers of Adverse Environmental Conditions

Handling Emergency Situations and Injury Assessment

Bloodborne Pathogens, Universal Precautions, and Wound Care

Wrapping and Taping Techniques

Understanding the Basics of Injury Rehabilitation

Helping the Injured Athlete Psychologically

Recognizing Different Sports Injuries

The Foot and Toes

The Ankle and Lower Leg

The Knee and Related Structures

The Thigh, Hip, Groin, and Pelvis

The Shoulder Complex

The Elbow, Forearm, Wrist, and Hand

The Thorax and Abdomen

The Head, Face, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat

General Medical Conditions and Additional Health Concerns

Substance Abuse

Preventing and Managing Injuries in Young Athletes

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