Deck 18: GIS Models and Modeling

Question 1

An environmental model such as a soil erosion model must be capable of dealing with the interaction of many variables including physical and cultural variables.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A number of alternatives to the weighted linear combination method have been proposed in the literature. Describe one such alternative.

Answer 2

No Answer

Question 3

A model that offers prediction of what the conditions of geospatial data could be or should be is called a

A) dynamic model
B) prescriptive model
C) deterministic model
D) static model

Answer 3

prescriptive model

Question 4

Which of the following statements is not true about logistic regression?

A) None of these is correct
B) The independent variables are categorical, numeric, or both.
C) The dependent variable is categorical.
D) Logistic regression uses the same assumptions as linear regression.

Question 5

In many instances, one can build a GIS model that is either vector-based or raster-based. What general guidelines should one use in deciding which type of model to build?

Question 6

How does an index model differ from a binary model?

Question 7

It is recommended that data sets used for validating a model are different from those for developing the model.

Question 8

Explain the usefulness of regression models for spatial data.

Question 9

Briefly describe the process of model calibration.

Question 10

Explain the difference between "crisp threshold values" and "fuzzy sets" in multicriteria evaluation.

Question 11

Many index models use the weighted linear combination method to calculate the index value. Explain the steps one follows in using the weighted linear combination method.

Question 12

The Land Evaluation and Site Assessment (LESA) system produces a(n)

A) binary model
B) process model
C) index model
D) regression model

Question 13

Suppose a county government asks you to do a GIS project for industrial site selection. The county uses the following criteria for site selection:
1) commercial zones
2) vacant or for sale
3) not subject to flooding
4) not more than one mile from a heavy duty road
5) less than 10% slope
6) at least five acres in size
The county has a GIS database with the following digital maps (in italic) that you can use for the project:
1) zoning includes commercial zones
2) parcel includes vacant parcels or parcels for sale
3) flood shows areas subject to flooding
4) roads includes heavy duty roads and other types of roads
5) slope groups slopes into 0-10%, 10-20%, 20-30%, and over 30%
Use a flow chart to explain how you can find potential industrial sites.

Question 14

To build an index model, one must assign a(n) ____ to each variable or factor under consideration:

A) numeric score
B) ID
C) weight

Question 15

You are asked to develop a vector-based index model. The model computes the index value using elevation and slope:
Index value = 2 * elevation + slope
The scoring (data standardization) systems for elevation and slope are as follows:
You already have the elevation and slope layers. Describe the procedure you will follow to complete the task.

Question 16

What does a spatially explicit model mean?

Question 17

The output of a site analysis is typically a binary map.

Question 18

Geographically weighted regression builds a regression model for each observation in the data set.

Question 19

The output of an index model is a:

A) true or false map
B) ranked map

Question 20

How does a static model differ from a dynamic model?

Question 21

Which method is used by RUSLE to compute the average soil loss from six factors?

A) addition of the six factors
B) multiplication of the six factors
C) weighted linear combination of the six factors

Question 22

How does a deterministic model differ from a stochastic model?

Question 23

A ___-based model is preferred if the model involves intense and complex computations:

A) raster
B) vector

Question 24

A common approach to building a vector-based binary model is to

A) perform attribute data manipulation and analysis and overlay simultaneously
B) perform overlay first, followed by attribute data manipulation and analysis
C) perform attribute data manipulation and analysis first, followed by overlay

Question 25

What are the options of linking a GIS to another software package (e.g., a statistical package)?

Question 26

Which of the following analyses commonly uses index models?

A) a and c
B) site analysis
C) vulnerability analysis
D) b and c
E) suitability analysis