Deck 21: Genomes, Proteomes, and Bioinformatics

Question 1

How many genes are generally found for every million bases of DNA?

A) 10F
B) 100
C) 1,000
D) 10,000
E) 100,000

Answer 1

1,000

Question 2

Which of the following parameters correlates with an increase in the amount of cellular DNA?

A) decrease in cell size
B) increase in cell complexity
C) increase in cell size
D) decrease in body complexity
E) increase in cell complexity and cell size

Answer 2

increase in cell complexity and cell size

Question 3

A researcher has mapped the entire genome of an insect. When scanning the sequences she notices highly repetitive sequences, which contain tandem arrays of short sequences. She is most likely looking at which region of the chromosome?

A) centromere
B) telomere
C) chromatid
D) spindle fiber
E) centriole

Answer 3

centromere

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of transposase?

A) Transposase recognizes inverted repeats.
B) Transposase cleaves at both ends of the transposable element.
C) Transposase carries the transposable element to a new site on the DNA.
D) Transposase cleaves the target DNA at staggered sites.
E) Transposase ligates nucleic acid fragments during DNA replication.

Question 5

Which of the following is required for the movement of a retroelement?

A) DNA polymerase
B) reverse transcriptase
C) integrase
D) reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase
E) reverse transcriptase and integrase

Question 6

Small segments of DNA that move from one part of the genome to another part are called

A) retroelements.
B) transposons.
C) transposase.
D) translation.
E) transpositions.

Question 7

According to the selfish DNA hypothesis, which symbiotic relationship most closely resembles that of transposable elements that move within the organism's genome without offering benefits to the organism?

A) mutualism
B) commensalisms
C) parasitism
D) competition
E) neutralism

Question 8

Some biologists argue that transposable elements provide benefits to a given species. Which of the following is NOT a possible benefit of transposable elements?

A) Transposable elements often carry an antibiotic-resistance gene.
B) Transposable elements confer genetic variability.
C) Transposable elements provide the organism with a survival advantage.
D) Transposable elements insert themselves into the middle of functionally important genes.
E) All of the choices are beneficial.

Question 9

Which of the following elements can foster the process of crossing over?

A) RNA polymerase
B) promoter elements
C) enhancer elements
D) transposable elements
E) topoisomerase

Question 10

Which of the following could explain how 14 genes for globins, each specialized in their function (i.e., hemoglobin, myoglobin), arose in the genome?

A) misaligned crossover
B) gene deletion
C) gene mutation
D) misaligned crossover and gene mutation
E) misaligned crossover and gene deletion

Question 11

Which of the following protein-functional categories is mismatched?

A) hexokinase-metabolic enzyme
B) tubulin-structural protein
C) insulin-motor protein
D) hemoglobin-transport protein
E) antibodies-protective protein

Question 12

Which of the following cell types would have the highest concentration of motor proteins?

A) liver cell
B) mammary cell
C) hormone-secreting cell
D) muscle cell
E) nerve cell

Question 13

Which of the following cell types would have the highest concentration of metabolic enzymes?

A) nerve cell
B) mammary cell
C) lung cell
D) liver cell
E) cartilage cell

Question 14

Which of the following protein categories facilitates the movement of ions and molecules across membranes?

A) regulatory proteins
B) protective proteins
C) transport proteins
D) cell-signaling proteins
E) motor proteins

Question 15

Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between the relative size of a species' genome and its proteome?

A) genome = proteome
B) genome > proteome
C) genome < proteome
D) genome = proteome in eukaryotes; genome > proteome in prokaryotes
E) genome > proteome in eukaryotes; genome = proteome in prokaryotes

Question 16

Which of the following is a permanent post-translational covalent modification?

A) attachment of a sugar
B) disulfide bond formation
C) proteolytic processing
D) attachment of a lipid
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following is a reversible post-translational covalent modification?

A) phosphorylation
B) acetylation
C) disulfide bond formation
D) phosphorylation and acetylation
E) acetylation and disulfide bond formation

Question 18

Which nucleic acid is subject to alternative splicing?

A) DNA
B) rRNA
C) pre-mRNA
D) mRNA
E) tRNA

Question 19

Which of the following can be accomplished by researchers who use advanced programming in the field of computational molecular biology?

A) Determine if a sequence contains a mutation that could cause disease.
B) Identify promoters, regulatory sites, and splice sites.
C) Compare genetic sequences between species to determine homology.
D) Determine the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide encoded by a gene.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following can help researchers determine if two genes are homologous to each other?

A) Punnet square
B) simple dot matrix
C) quadratic equation
D) polypeptide structure
E) geometric analysis

Question 21

Which of the following is required if a researcher wants to analyze genes in different species for their homologies?

A) relatively short DNA sequences
B) relatively short RNA sequences
C) relatively long DNA sequences
D) relatively short polypeptide sequences
E) relative differences in a species' metabolomics

Question 22

If a researcher determines that 25% of a liver cell's total genome encodes genes for metabolic enzymes, then he/she should assume that metabolic enzymes make up 25% of the total protein composition of the cell.

Question 23

Liver and muscle cells have different sets of genes.

Question 24

A single pre-mRNA can be alternatively spliced into more than one type of mRNA.

Question 25

If an acetyl group is added post-translationally to a protein, it can be subsequently removed.

Question 26

A simple dot matrix is the best method to identify homologous sequences from a known sequence.

Question 27

Sequences that are alike will produce a horizontal line in a dot matrix analysis.