Question 1

If an acetyl group is added post-translationally to a protein, it can be subsequently removed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Which of the following protein-functional categories is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  hexokinase-metabolic enzyme 
B)  tubulin-structural protein 
C)  insulin-motor protein 
D)  hemoglobin-transport protein 
E)  antibodies-protective protein 
A)  hexokinase-metabolic enzyme 
B)  tubulin-structural protein 
C)  insulin-motor protein 
D)  hemoglobin-transport protein 
E)  antibodies-protective protein C

Question 3

Liver and muscle cells have different sets of genes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

A researcher has mapped the entire genome of an insect. When scanning the sequences she notices highly repetitive sequences, which contain tandem arrays of short sequences. She is most likely looking at which region of the chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  centromere 
B)  telomere 
C)  chromatid 
D)  spindle fiber 
E)  centriole 
A)  centromere 
B)  telomere 
C)  chromatid 
D)  spindle fiber 
E)  centriole

Question 5

A single pre-mRNA can be alternatively spliced into more than one type of mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Small segments of DNA that move from one part of the genome to another part are called

Accepted Answer

A)  retroelements. 
B)  transposons. 
C)  transposase. 
D)  translation. 
E)  transpositions. 
A)  retroelements. 
B)  transposons. 
C)  transposase. 
D)  translation. 
E)  transpositions.

Question 7

Which nucleic acid is subject to alternative splicing?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  rRNA 
C)  pre-mRNA 
D)  mRNA 
E)  tRNA 
A)  DNA 
B)  rRNA 
C)  pre-mRNA 
D)  mRNA 
E)  tRNA

Question 8

Which of the following could explain how 14 genes for globins, each specialized in their function (i.e., hemoglobin, myoglobin), arose in the genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  misaligned crossover 
B)  gene deletion 
C)  gene mutation 
D)  misaligned crossover and gene mutation 
E)  misaligned crossover and gene deletion 
A)  misaligned crossover 
B)  gene deletion 
C)  gene mutation 
D)  misaligned crossover and gene mutation 
E)  misaligned crossover and gene deletion

Question 9

Some biologists argue that transposable elements provide benefits to a given species. Which of the following is NOT a possible benefit of transposable elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transposable elements often carry an antibiotic-resistance gene. 
B)  Transposable elements confer genetic variability. 
C)  Transposable elements provide the organism with a survival advantage. 
D)  Transposable elements insert themselves into the middle of functionally important genes. 
E)  All of the choices are beneficial. 
A)  Transposable elements often carry an antibiotic-resistance gene. 
B)  Transposable elements confer genetic variability. 
C)  Transposable elements provide the organism with a survival advantage. 
D)  Transposable elements insert themselves into the middle of functionally important genes. 
E)  All of the choices are beneficial.

Question 10

Which of the following is a permanent post-translational covalent modification?

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment of a sugar 
B)  disulfide bond formation 
C)  proteolytic processing 
D)  attachment of a lipid 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  attachment of a sugar 
B)  disulfide bond formation 
C)  proteolytic processing 
D)  attachment of a lipid 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between the relative size of a species' genome and its proteome?

Accepted Answer

A)  genome = proteome 
B)  genome > proteome 
C)  genome  proteome in prokaryotes 
E)  genome > proteome in eukaryotes; genome = proteome in prokaryotes 
A)  genome = proteome 
B)  genome > proteome 
C)  genome  proteome in prokaryotes 
E)  genome > proteome in eukaryotes; genome = proteome in prokaryotes

Question 12

Which of the following protein categories facilitates the movement of ions and molecules across membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  regulatory proteins 
B)  protective proteins 
C)  transport proteins 
D)  cell-signaling proteins 
E)  motor proteins 
A)  regulatory proteins 
B)  protective proteins 
C)  transport proteins 
D)  cell-signaling proteins 
E)  motor proteins

Question 13

Which of the following elements can foster the process of crossing over?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase 
B)  promoter elements 
C)  enhancer elements 
D)  transposable elements 
E)  topoisomerase 
A)  RNA polymerase 
B)  promoter elements 
C)  enhancer elements 
D)  transposable elements 
E)  topoisomerase

Question 14

Which of the following is required for the movement of a retroelement?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  reverse transcriptase 
C)  integrase 
D)  reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase 
E)  reverse transcriptase and integrase 
A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  reverse transcriptase 
C)  integrase 
D)  reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase 
E)  reverse transcriptase and integrase

Question 15

Which of the following cell types would have the highest concentration of motor proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  liver cell 
B)  mammary cell 
C)  hormone-secreting cell 
D)  muscle cell 
E)  nerve cell 
A)  liver cell 
B)  mammary cell 
C)  hormone-secreting cell 
D)  muscle cell 
E)  nerve cell

Question 16

A simple dot matrix is the best method to identify homologous sequences from a known sequence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Sequences that are alike will produce a horizontal line in a dot matrix analysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

According to the selfish DNA hypothesis, which symbiotic relationship most closely resembles that of transposable elements that move within the organism's genome without offering benefits to the organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutualism 
B)  commensalisms 
C)  parasitism 
D)  competition 
E)  neutralism 
A)  mutualism 
B)  commensalisms 
C)  parasitism 
D)  competition 
E)  neutralism

Question 19

How many genes are generally found for every million bases of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  10F 
B)  100 
C)  1,000 
D)  10,000 
E)  100,000 
A)  10F 
B)  100 
C)  1,000 
D)  10,000 
E)  100,000

Question 20

Which of the following can help researchers determine if two genes are homologous to each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  Punnet square 
B)  simple dot matrix 
C)  quadratic equation 
D)  polypeptide structure 
E)  geometric analysis 
A)  Punnet square 
B)  simple dot matrix 
C)  quadratic equation 
D)  polypeptide structure 
E)  geometric analysis

Exam 21: Genomes, Proteomes, and Bioinformatics

If an acetyl group is added post-translationally to a protein, it can be subsequently removed.

Which of the following protein-functional categories is mismatched?

Liver and muscle cells have different sets of genes.

A researcher has mapped the entire genome of an insect. When scanning the sequences she notices highly repetitive sequences, which contain tandem arrays of short sequences. She is most likely looking at which region of the chromosome?

A single pre-mRNA can be alternatively spliced into more than one type of mRNA.

Small segments of DNA that move from one part of the genome to another part are called

Which nucleic acid is subject to alternative splicing?

Which of the following could explain how 14 genes for globins, each specialized in their function (i.e., hemoglobin, myoglobin), arose in the genome?

Some biologists argue that transposable elements provide benefits to a given species. Which of the following is NOT a possible benefit of transposable elements?

Which of the following is a permanent post-translational covalent modification?

Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between the relative size of a species' genome and its proteome?

Which of the following protein categories facilitates the movement of ions and molecules across membranes?

Which of the following elements can foster the process of crossing over?

Which of the following is required for the movement of a retroelement?

Which of the following cell types would have the highest concentration of motor proteins?

A simple dot matrix is the best method to identify homologous sequences from a known sequence.

Sequences that are alike will produce a horizontal line in a dot matrix analysis.

According to the selfish DNA hypothesis, which symbiotic relationship most closely resembles that of transposable elements that move within the organism's genome without offering benefits to the organism?

How many genes are generally found for every million bases of DNA?

Which of the following can help researchers determine if two genes are homologous to each other?

An Introduction to Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water

The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules

General Features of Cells

Membrane Structure, Synthesis, and Transport

An Introduction to Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Cellular Respiration, Fermentation, and Secondary Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Multicellularity

Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

Gene Expression at the Molecular Level

Gene Regulation

Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer

The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Simple Patterns of Inheritance

Complex Patterns of Inheritance

Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Technology

The Origin and History of Life

An Introduction to Evolution

Population Genetics

Origin of Species and Macroevolution

Taxonomy and Systematics

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plants and the Conquest of Land

The Evolution and Diversity of Modern Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

The Invertebrates

The Vertebrates

An Introduction to Flowering Plant Form and Function

Flowering Plants: Behavior

Flowering Plants: Nutrition

Flowering Plants: Transport

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Introduction to Animal Form and Function

Neuroscience I: Cells of the Nervous System

Neuroscience Ii: Evolution and Function of the Brain and Nervous Systems

Neuroscience Iii: Sensory Systems

The Muscular-Skeletal System and Locomotion

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Control of Energy Balance, Metabolic Rate, and Body Temperature

Circulatory Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems and Salt and Water Balance

Endocrine Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immune Systems

An Introduction to Ecology and Biomes

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Species Interactions

Community Ecology

Ecosystems Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology