Deck 18: Mechanical Ventilation in Non-Traditional Settings

Question 1

Patients with ventilatory muscle dysfunction include those afflicted with pulmonary fibrosis and atelectasis.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The parameters used in the SOFA scoring system are related to respirations, perfusion, and mental status.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Tissues require a minimum of 60 ml of oxygen per liter (or 6 vol%) of blood flow to maintain normal metabolism in cells and many tissues.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

An acute drop in the P_B and P_AO₂ are the primary reasons for high-altitude illness experienced by un-acclimatized persons.

Question 5

The FAA requires airlines to provide an electrical connection for portable ventilators.

Question 6

Ventilators are used in hyperbaric medicine for the treatment of ventilator-assisted individuals (or patients) requiring mechanical ventilation with conditions such as gas gangrene and ____.

A) high altitude illness
B) COPD
C) severe carbon monoxide poisoning
D) cerebral edema

Question 7

HMV should not be initiated if the patient has any unstable medical condition that requires complicated procedures or involves specialized health care personnel such as ____.

A) frequent and progressive arrhythmias
B) COPD
C) pulmonary fibrosis
D) polyneuropathy

Question 8

____ is the primary clinical feature of COPD patients.

A) Muscle fatigue
B) Atelectasis
C) Apnea
D) Air flow obstruction

Question 9

Patients with restrictive lung disease assume a rapid breathing pattern because of the reduction of ____.

A) minute ventilation
B) tidal volume
C) respiratory rate
D) forced expiratory volume

Question 10

Patients with central hypoventilation syndrome often exhibit ____ or variable periods of hypoventilation due to failure or dysfunction of the autonomic control of breathing.

A) apnea
B) muscle fatigue
C) air trapping
D) deadspace ventilation

Question 11

Nerve agents lead to an accumulation of ____ at the muscarinic and nicotinic receptors throughout the body.

A) dopamine
B) acetylcholine
C) serotonin
D) glutamate

Question 12

For a severe influenza outbreak on the scale of 1918, an estimated 742,500 ventilators would be needed (HHS, 2005). Based on a study in 2006, there were ____ ICU ventilators available in the U.S.

A) 5,000
B) 105,000
C) 505,000
D) 905,000

Question 13

Which of the following is exclusion criteria for ventilator access?

A) MELD score > 10
B) severe chronic lung disease with FEV₁< 40%
C) body surface area >25%, severe inhalation injury
D) dialysis dependent

Question 14

START, which stands for ____ Triage and Rapid Treatment, is the most widely used pre-hospitalization triage algorithm in the U.S.

A) Sequential
B) Strategic
C) Simple
D) Sort

Question 15

The symptoms of severe CO poisoning include unconsciousness, convulsions, and ____.

A) liver impairment
B) neurological impairment
C) kidney impairment
D) gastrointestional impairment

Question 16

Which of the following may be used to monitor airway pressure and exhaled tidal volume?

A) mechanical respirometer
B) electric spirometer
C) ECG
D) mainstream device

Question 17

As the pressure increases in the multiplace hyperbaric chamber, the set tidal volume should be ____.

A) increased to compensate for the reduction of gas volume
B) decreased to compensate for the reduction of gas volume
C) increased to compensate for the effects of gas compression.
D) decreased to compensate for the effects of gas compression.

Question 18

Boyle's Law describes the inverse relationship between ____.

A) pressure and mass
B) pressure and volume
C) volume and temperature
D) volume and mass

Question 19

In severe high-altitude illness, ____ or pulmonary edema could develop, and these conditions are potentially fatal.

A) congestive heart failure
B) peripheral edema
C) cerebral edema
D) nephrotic syndrome

Question 20

One study estimates that the tidal volume can be reduced by ____ per 1,000 ft of ascent.

A) 2%
B) 3%
C) 4%
D) 5%

Question 21

COPD is a group of lung impairments that includes chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis, _______________, and bronchiectasis.

Question 22

Among those patients with confirmed cases of H1N1, many developed acute lung injury or _______________ distress syndrome and required mechanical ventilation.

Question 23

Since PCV provides a constant pressure, it delivers more stable _______________.

Question 24

At an altitude of 8,000 ft, the low P_AO₂ (about 59 mm Hg) leads to _______________.

Question 25

Capability, _______________, weight, dimensions, and alarms of the portable ventilator are crucial factors in making a travel plan.

Question 26

What are the three goals of home ventilator care?

Question 27

What are the four needs assessment questions that should be thoroughly evaluated before HMV?

Question 28

What are the safety requirements for defibrillation in a multiplace hyperbaric chamber?

Question 29

What are the treatments for high-altitude pulmonary edema?

Question 30

How should tidal volume be adjusted when an airplane takes off and ascends to a higher altitude and during landing?