Deck 12: Facilitation

Question 1

When one species cannot live without another, we use the term

A) Facultative mutualism
B) Dispersive mutualism
C) Defensive mutualism
D) Resource-based mutualism
E) Obligate mututualism

Answer 1

Obligate mututualism

Question 2

Which is NOT a type of mutualism?

A) Facultative
B) Defensive
C) Resource-based
D) Obligate
E) Sympatric

Answer 2

Sympatric

Question 3

Plants pollinated by bats tend to have________ flower colors.

A) Red
B) Blue
C) Orange
D) Yellow
E) White

Answer 3

White

Question 4

In an obligate mutualism

A) One species disperses seeds or fruit of another
B) One species defends another
C) One species cannot live without the other
D) One species disperses pollen of another

Question 5

In the bogs of Maine, the grass pink orchid

A) Is visited by bats
B) Has nectar pilfered by bumble bees
C) Mimics the rose pogonia
D) Has red flowers
E) Mimics the bee orchid

Question 6

What is not an hypothesis to explain why seed dispersal is so advantageous to plants?

A) Competition avoidance
B) Predator escape
C) Colonization
D) Indirect dispersal
E) Directed dispersal

Question 7

The tiny protein-rich food nodules at the end of Acacia leaves were named after

A) Dan Janzen
B) Joe Connell
C) Thomas Belt
D) Jacobus Biesmeijer
E) Felix Rosumek

Question 8

Which is the odd one out in the list below?

A) St Kilda
B) Soay sheep
C) endophytic fungus
D) mycorrhizae
E) Acremonium

Question 9

Which is the odd one out in the list below?

A) Leaf cutter ant
B) Underground fungus garden
C) Gongylidia
D) Symbiodinium
E) Escovopsis

Question 10

Which is an example of an obligate mutualism?

A) Blackbirds and mistletoe.
B) Ants and aphids.
C) Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and deep sea worms.
D) Monarch butterflies and milkweed plants.
E) Cows and cattle egrets.

Question 11

Which is the odd one out in the list below?

A) Africa
B) Honey badger
C) Ox-pecker
D) Bees nest
E) Honeyguide

Question 12

Which is an example of a facultative mutualism?

A) Leaf cutter ants and fungi.
B) Carpenter ants and aphids.
C) Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and deep sea worms.
D) Lichens.

Question 13

Which taxa are not endosymbiotic?

A) Tapeworms
B) Ox-peckers
C) Bioluminescent bacteria
D) Algae associated with corals
E) Bacteria

Question 14

Which crop species originated in Central America?

A) Tomato
B) Cashew
C) Cauliflower
D) Melon
E) Mustard

Question 15

Which of the following is the world's most common livestock?

A) Sheep
B) Pigs
C) Goats
D) Horses
E) Cattle

Question 16

Which is not a type of commensalism?

A) Phoresy
B) Inquilinism
C) Metabiosis
D) Epiphytism

Question 17

Which is NOT an example of commensalism?

A) Oxpecker and large mammals.
B) Cattle and cattle egrets.
C) Orchids and orchid bees.
D) Coral and dinoflagellates.
E) Bears and hooked seeds.

Question 18

Which is an example of commensalism?

A) Monkeys and fruit.
B) Corals and dinoflagellates.
C) Orchids and orchid bees.
D) Mychorrhizae.
E) Leaf cutter ants and fungi.

Question 19

What are the benefits to each species in commensalism?

A) +/+
B) +/-
C) +/0
D) 0/-
E) -/-

Question 20

When one species uses another for housing, we term the relationship

A) Inquilinism
B) Phoresy
C) Epiphytism
D) Metabiosis
E) Associational resistance

Question 21

Flower inhabiting mites travel between flowers in the nostrils of hummingbirds. We term this

A) Associational resistance
B) Mutualism
C) Parasitism
D) Phoresy
E) Metabiosis

Question 22

Which is an example of associational resistance?

A) A herd of antelope are attacked more by lions when they occur close to zebras, the lion's preferred prey.
B) A small plant suffers less attack when it grows amongst a group of Eugenia, a camphor producing plant whose smell deters herbivores.
C) A cottonwood plant suffers greater herbivory when growing under box elder trees.
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 23

In salt marshes, black needlerush shades the soil, and decreases evapotranspiration and soil salinity, permitting marsh elder plants to grow. This is an example of

A) phoresy.
B) associational susceptibility.
C) facilitation.
D) mutualism.
E) metabiosis.

Question 24

Pollination syndromes are examples of dispersive mutualism.

Question 25

The effects of ant removal in ant-plant mutualisms are usually stronger in temperate environments than in tropical ones.

Question 26

Nurse plants facilitate seed germination.

Question 27

In Ragan Calloway's experiments when competitors were removed, plants at high elevation survived better and produced more flowers or fruit.

Question 28

Bee orchids and bumblebees are an example of commensalism.