Deck 15: Consumptionyou Are What You Buy

Question 1

The commodity chain concept allows us to see how consumption is the final step in a series of _______________ activities.

A) Retailing
B) Value-adding
C) Manufacturing
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Answer 1

Value-adding

Question 2

Consumption is a(n) __________ that includes sociocultural aspects of commodities and their use.

A) Process
B) Action
C) Belief
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Answer 2

Process

Question 3

Consumption encompasses which of the following activities?

A) Purchasing
B) Discarding
C) Recycling
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Answer 3

All of the above

Question 4

Consumption spaces necessarily have a more ______________ geography than other economic activities.

A) Narrow
B) Restricted
C) Condensed
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 5

Production and consumption are two ________________ spheres of activity.

A) Independent
B) Self-determining
C) Mutually dependent
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 6

The consumers-as-dupes viewpoint emphasizes the primacy of _____________ within the economic system as a whole.

A) Consumption
B) Recycling
C) Production
D) Reproduction
E) The service sector

Question 7

According to the consumers-as-dupes viewpoint, consumption is read as the ____________ of changes in the nature of the production process.

A) Outcome
B) Starting point
C) Impetus
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 8

The consumers-as-dupes perspective places ______________ in control of consumption processes and spaces.

A) Consumers
B) Capitalist corporations
C) Retailers
D) Firms
E) Manufacturers

Question 9

The consumer sovereignty view emphasizes the free will of individual consumers, and views consumption as an economic transaction dependent on:

A) Price-based decisions
B) Culture
C) Identity
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 10

The consumer sovereignty view represents consumption decisions as being taken by autonomous consumers ____________ by wider society and its various norms and expectations.

A) Impacted
B) Influenced
C) Unaffected
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 11

A ____________ perspective emphasizes the way in which consumers actively construct their own identity through their consumption practices.

A) Political-economy
B) Sociocultural
C) Discursive
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 12

Profound shifts in wealth and spending power are seeing _________________ emerge as the key arena for consumption within the global system.

A) Asia
B) Sub-Saharan Africa
C) North America
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 13

The middle class is associated with a particular form of consumerism that signals a shift away from ______________ living and toward the purchase of a range of more conspicuous, status goods.

A) Idealized
B) Extravagant
C) Subsistence
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 14

The World Bank estimates that the global middle class (defined as those making between US$10 and $20 per day) will reach ______________ by 2030.

A) 9.15 billion
B) 1.15 billion
C) 10.15 million
D) 5.15 million
E) 1.15 million

Question 15

While 56% of the global middle class was living in developing countries in 2000, the proportion is projected to ___________________ by 2030.

A) Increase to 100%
B) Increase to 93%
C) Increase to 73%
D) Decrease to 33%
E) Decrease to 13%

Question 16

The share of middle-class consumers in North America and Europe is projected to fall from 54% of the world total in 2009 to _____ in 2030.

A) 51%
B) 41%
C) 31%
D) 21%
E) 11%

Question 17

There appear to be different consumer preferences in emerging markets, where price is:

A) An overwhelming consideration
B) Considered insignificant to most consumers
C) Overwhelmingly non-negotiable
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 18

Persistent regulatory barriers prevent the expansion of __________________ in China and India, and so consumer goods are currently central to the consumption landscape.

A) Domestic producers
B) Foreign service industries
C) State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs)
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 19

In India, it is predicted that middle-class consumers will expand from ________________ to 583 million by 2025 as it grows from the twelfth to fifth largest consumer market in the world.

A) 500 million
B) 50 million
C) 5 million
D) 1 million
E) 100,000

Question 20

India's burgeoning middle class comprises:

A) Government officials
B) Business people
C) Rich farmers
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 21

In general, the Fordist era was characterized by the ________________ of a relatively limited range of standardized commodities.

A) Niche consumption
B) Flexible production
C) Mass consumption
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 22

In the post-Fordist era, consumption is driven:

A) More by the price and functionality of commodities
B) Less by the aesthetic value of commodities
C) Less by the symbolic value commodities bring to consumers
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 23

This highly visible symbolic good is often taken to signify a certain standing or position within society:

A) Clothing
B) Jewelry
C) Cars
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 24

The nature of the relationship between consumption and identity works out differently in different places--in other words, it is:

A) Place-specific
B) Space-subsistent
C) Immobile
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 25

_______________ products include organic foods, fair trade goods, and environmentally friendly merchandise.

A) Counterfeit
B) Homogeneous
C) Ethical
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 26

Consumption is unavoidably a ______________ act in the sense that in implicates and involves us in the wider commodity chains that underpin all commodities.

A) Complicit
B) Political
C) Resistant
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 27

More often than not, ethical consumption entails paying ______________ "non-ethical" goods.

A) A premium over
B) Lower prices than for
C) Higher taxes on subsequent purchases of
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 28

The act of not purchasing the products of a particular company:

A) Positive discrimination
B) Impulse buying
C) Boycotting
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 29

A labeling and certification plan that guarantees a minimum price to producers:

A) Commodity futures
B) SecureShop
C) Fairtrade
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 30

Ethical campaigns are often ____________________, with local, place-based action being coordinated through, and informed by, national and/or international initiatives.

A) Highly decentralized
B) Managed by the state
C) Multi-scalar in nature
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 31

International tourist arrivals have shown virtually uninterrupted growth in recent decades, rising from 25 million in 1950 to ________________ by 2009.

A) 4 billion
B) 940 million
C) 540 million
D) 140 million
E) 40 million

Question 32

Globally, tourism is experiencing growth in which of the following areas?

A) Urban and heritage tourism
B) Mega-event tourism
C) Ecotourism
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 33

State agencies and businesses involved in promoting and selling tourism have sought to shape distinctive images of their localities through _________________ campaigns.

A) Place-marketing
B) Electioneering
C) International trade
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 34

According to the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, ________________ is conferred through the ability to implement judgment or taste with relation to the consumption of commodities.

A) Economic capital
B) Financial capital
C) Cultural capital
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 35

For Bourdieu, ______________ was critical to the acquisition of cultural capital and the distinctions between different social groupings.

A) Religion
B) Education
C) Patriarchy
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 36

In terms of food consumption, economic geographers argue that "place matters" when it comes to what people eat. Discuss how geography is involved in the last two foods you ate. How might the food you eat relate to your identity construction?

Question 37

Provide two (2) reasons why the use of a standardized definition of "middle-class" may be inappropriate and/or ineffective when it comes to comparing the lives of people in different places.

Question 38

Describe four distinctive images of your city that figure prominently in local place-marketing campaigns. How do these images differentiate your city from neighboring cities?