Deck 3: Identifying and Understanding Medical Conditions and Risks

Question 1

Which of the following does NOT describe a condition of Tay- Sachs disease?

A) always fatal
B) the result of an enzyme deficiency
C) unamenable to medical intervention
D) affects whites only
E) caused by a single autosomal recessive gene

Answer 1

affects whites only

Question 2

A pattern of X- linked inheritance is involved in

A) retinitis pigmentosa and Rh factor.
B) spina bifida and cleft palate.
C) cystic fibrosis and Tay- Sachs disease.
D) muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, and colour blindness.
E) Huntington's disease and achondroplasia.

Answer 2

muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, and colour blindness.

Question 3

The most commonly occurring chromosomal aberration is

A) Down syndrome.
B) galactosemia.
C) Phenylketonuria.
D) Tay- Sachs disease.
E) cystic fibrosis.

Answer 3

Down syndrome.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT true? Mothers who smoke heavily are

A) somewhat less likely to become pregnant.
B) putting their children at risk.
C) more likely to transfer the addiction vicariously to their baby.
D) more likely to have a Sudden Infant Death Syndrome baby.
E) more likely to have low- birth- weight babies.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT classified as a biological or environmental risk factor?

A) fragile X syndrome
B) poverty
C) low- birth weight
D) intoxicants
E) infections

Question 6

In regards to Down syndrome, amniocentesis makes it possible to

A) determine ammonia levels.
B) predict a child's IQ.
C) determine how severe the intellectual and physical anomalies will be.
D) identify the condition.
E) make accurate predictions about future functioning.

Question 7

To be affected with cystic fibrosis, a child must inherit

A) dominant genes from both parents.
B) a dominant gene from one parent.
C) a gene through the mother (X- linked inheritance).
D) recessive genes from both parents.
E) the gene for recessive retinitis pigmentosa.

Question 8

PKU can be detected through

A) a karyotype.
B) an infant blood test.
C) a fetoscopy.
D) an ultrasound.
E) amniocentesis.

Question 9

Established risk is most often related to

A) prematurity.
B) unknown prenatal influence.
C) structured artificial insemination.
D) genetic and chromosomal problems.
E) infections and intoxications.

Question 10

Researchers point to a developmental continuum of vulnerability for drug- exposed children. This means that

A) all children exposed prenatally to drugs will be severely affected.
B) the degree to which a child is vulnerable depends on a continuum of parent dependence on drugs.
C) the child becomes more vulnerable to disabilities as he or she gets older.
D) the long- term effects on a child are varied, although always serious.
E) there is no typical profile of a drug- exposed infant; effects range from severe to none.

Question 11

A major route of perinatal HIV infection is

A) the residual effects of venereal disease.
B) the placental passage in the uterus.
C) AIDS.
D) meningitis.
E) the mother's diet.

Question 12

Which ONE of the following is NOT a hereditary anomaly?

A) phenylketonuria
B) cystic fibrosis
C) galactosemia
D) anoxia
E) Tay- Sachs disease

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT accompanied by mental retardation?

A) phenylketonuria (PKU)
B) muscular dystrophy
C) CMV
D) rubella
E) Rh factor

Question 14

According to the author, teachers' understanding of medical conditions does NOT

A) equip them to adjust the medication dosages as needed.
B) create an atmosphere of acceptance among classmates and others involved with the exceptional child.
C) impart confidence in the teacher's ability to cope.
D) aid them in becoming sensitized to the social, emotional, and educational problems resulting from a child's disabilities.
E) enhance an understanding relationship with the child.

Question 15

Inborn errors of metabolism are the result of

A) chromosomal aberrations.
B) biological disorders.
C) missing or defective enzymes.
D) birth trauma.
E) X- linked inheritance.

Question 16

Which ONE of the following does NOT describe a type of tertiary intervention for a child with an exceptionality?

A) psychological
B) therapeutic
C) medical
D) social
E) educational

Question 17

Spinal meningitis is considered to be an off- shoot of which ONE of the following?

A) herpes
B) parasitic infection
C) influenza B
D) encephalitis
E) venereal disease

Question 18

The major effect of maternal rubella is

A) mild intellectual disabilities.
B) club foot.
C) orthopedic disabilities.
D) severe sensorineural hearing loss.
E) severe visual impairments.

Question 19

During the prenatal period, the most important time for fetal development is

A) in the final month of pregnancy.
B) the final trimester.
C) during intercourse.
D) during the perinatal period.
E) the first trimester.

Question 20

Cultural and linguistic differences are classified as which ONE of the following risks?

A) migratory
B) biological
C) environmental
D) established
E) birth and neonatal

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT likely in the profile of an infant born to a crack- using mother?

A) altered breathing
B) small head
C) irritability
D) malformed genitals
E) strokes and seizures

Question 22

Of the following conditions and infections, which provides an example of potential damage that only occurs during a critical period of prenatal development?

A) herpes
B) Tay- Sachs
C) rubella
D) toxoplasmosis
E) PKU

Question 23

The first two weeks of life during the prenatal period is known as the period of the _ _.

A) afterbirth
B) nucleus
C) fetus
D) zygote
E) embryo

Question 24

Syphilis affects the fetus after the period of_____ weeks of gestation.

A) 12- 16
B) 16- 18
C) 2- 4
D) 4- 8
E) 8- 12

Question 25

Simone has been sexually promiscuous and has also been drinking heavily for the past five years. Although she's avoided contracting major disease, she becomes pregnant. Simone's baby is at risk of having

A) HIV infection.
B) rubella.
C) FAS.
D) spinal meningitis.
E) hydrocephalus.

Question 26

Nutrition in the mother seems to be particularly important during

A) conception.
B) the first trimester.
C) the second trimester.
D) labour.
E) the third trimester.

Question 27

If an infant is deprived of too much oxygen during birth, the condition is known as

A) oxytocin.
B) neomycin.
C) BDO.
D) anoxia.
E) nervosa anorexia.

Question 28

Surviving premature babies have a greater than _ _ chance of being free of disability.

A) 70%
B) 40%
C) 30%
D) 50%
E) 60%

Question 29

Which of the following has NOT been found to be connected to dysfunctional relationships during childhood and adolescence?

A) chronic allergies
B) learning disabilities
C) school truancy
D) bullying
E) social isolation .

Question 30

The medical procedure in which a small amount of fluid is extracted and then analyzed for karyotypes is ____.

Question 31

____is the most critical factor undermining families and one of the greatest risk factors in the development of children.

Question 32

A _ _ is a constellation of findings similar from patient to patient.

Question 33

Inborn errors of metabolism are the result of ____or _____ .

Question 34

_____ are known as the body substances that transform nutrients into chemicals usable by the cells.

Question 35

The study of the agents involved in congenital malformations is_____ .

Question 36

Conditions which are present at birth are termed _____abnormalities.

Question 37

An individual's sex is determined by the______ pair of chromosomes.

Question 38

The cause of a condition or disability is referred to as_____ .

Question 39

The establishment of medical programs that seek to reduce the occurrence of diseases and conditions that may lead to mental retardation and other disabilities is known as the______level of prevention.

Question 40

______prevention consists of intervention strategies after a negative outcome has occurred.

Question 41

The child is most susceptible to the environment during the prenatal period.

Question 42

With recessive inheritance, the child must inherit a gene from the father.

Question 43

Today, scarlet fever is a major cause of childhood handicapping conditions.

Question 44

Down syndrome is categorized as a chromosomal aberration.

Question 45

The first trimester refers to the first three months of pregnancy.

Question 46

Generalized or diffuse brain damage results in mental retardation.

Question 47

Name two common chromosomal disorders and list how they are manifested.

Question 48

Name three reasons why educators should have a basic knowledge of the etiology, symptoms, and interventions of exceptional conditions.

Question 49

List three environmental risk factors that account for children with disabilities.

Question 50

Name two consequences for children who are exposed to cocaine prenatally.

Question 51

What are two functions of secondary prevention programs?

Question 52

Discuss two infections and two intoxicants that can negatively affect the development of the fetus during the prenatal or gestation period.

Question 53

Describe primary and secondary prevention approaches that may be used with children who have Down syndrome.

Question 54

Explain the dangers of drinking and smoking by pregnant women.

Question 55

Discuss and evaluate the risk factors and possible negative effects that are prevalent during labour.