Deck 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the term "drug toxicity"?

A) It refers to the effects of drugs that interfere with normal functioning in such a way as to produce dangerous or potentially dangerous consequences.
B) It refers to a phenomenon seen with many drugs, in which repeated exposure to the same dose of the drug results in a lesser effect.
C) It refers to the use of prescribed drugs in greater amounts than, or for purposes other than, those prescribed by a physician or dentist.
D) It refers to a state in which the individual uses the drug so frequently and consistently that it appears that it would be difficult for the person to get along without using the drug.

Answer 1

It refers to the effects of drugs that interfere with normal functioning in such a way as to produce dangerous or potentially dangerous consequences.

Question 2

Which of the following statements best describes a drug recognition expert (DRE)?

A) A physician trained to recognize a variety of medication that is administered for drug-related problems
B) A police officer trained to examine intoxicated individuals to determine which of several classes of drugs caused the intoxication
C) A teacher trained to recognize the scent of burning marijuana in school premises
D) An emergency room personnel trained to record the actual cause behind drug-related emergency room visits in hospital emergency departments

Answer 2

A police officer trained to examine intoxicated individuals to determine which of several classes of drugs caused the intoxication

Question 3

In the United States, the ________ compiles data from death certificates and in most of these a cause of death is recorded.

A) Monitoring the Future study (MTF)
B) Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)
C) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5)
D) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Answer 3

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Question 4

In 2008 it was reported that the incidence of new HIV infections associated with intravenous drug use had declined by 80 percent in the past 20 years. According to the text, which of these factors led to this decrease?

A) Syringe exchange programs
B) Sexual abstinence education
C) Increased Narcotics Anonymous attendance
D) Decreased use of hormonal contraceptives

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of psychological dependence as a characteristic of substance use?

A) It is the toxicity resulting from the behavioral effects of a drug.
B) It is the reduced effect of a drug after repeated use.
C) It is indicated by the presence of a withdrawal syndrome, implying that the body has become adapted to the drug's presence.
D) It is indicated by the frequency of using a drug or by the amount of time or effort an individual spends in drug-seeking behavior.

Question 6

Jonathan had tried cocaine when he was a school student and slowly started to use it regularly. He does odd jobs to earn money for buying cocaine. When he is unable to find jobs, he even robs people. Which of the following characteristics does Jonathan exhibit in this scenario?

A) Behavioral toxicity
B) Tolerance
C) Physical dependence
D) Psychological dependence

Question 7

In the context of substance use, ________ is defined as a procedure in which a behavioral event is followed by a consequent event such that the behavior is then more likely to be repeated.

A) tolerance
B) reinforcement
C) antecedence
D) idealization

Question 8

In the context of substance use, which of the following is the significance of the animal research that led to the positive reinforcement model?

A) It indicates that prescription drugs are important contributors to overall drug toxicity figures.
B) It implies that psychological dependence is more important than physical dependence in explaining repeated drug use.
C) It points out the scientific value of the concept of reinforcement for understanding physical dependence.
D) It proves that using one of the gateway substances causes one to escalate to more deviant forms of drug use.

Question 9

In an annual study done by the U.S. Justice Department, people arrested for various crimes are administered urine tests to detect the presence of drugs. In 2013, about ________ percent of the adult male arrestees tested positive for at least one illicit drug.

A) 100
B) between 60 and 80
C) 0
D) between 10 and 30

Question 10

To receive a diagnosis of substance use disorder, an individual must satisfy at least two diagnostic criteria, one of which has to be a symptom of physical dependence (tolerance or withdrawal).

Question 11

Reports from various brain-scanning experiments done on drug users indicate that drug dependence is caused by an underlying biological abnormality.

Question 12

The commission of crimes to obtain money for expensive illicit drugs is due to the artificially high cost of the drugs, not primarily to a pharmacological effect of the drug.