Deck 6: Understanding Body Composition

Question 1

Women need ________ essential fat for reproductive system-related fat deposits.

A) 3%
B) 18%
C) 12%
D) 6%

Answer 1

12%

Question 2

________ is defined as the relative amounts of lean and fat tissue in the human body.

A) Body composition
B) Obesity
C) Lean body mass
D) Body weight

Answer 2

Body composition

Question 3

________ is defined as the body's total amount of fat-free tissue.

A) Body composition
B) Obesity
C) Lean body mass
D) Body weight

Answer 3

Lean body mass

Question 4

Which of the following provides energy, insulation, and padding?

A) Lean body mass
B) Storage fat
C) Essential fat
D) Bones

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE of storage fat?

A) Men and women have significantly different amounts of storage fat.
B) Men and women store fat in different locations.
C) Storage fat is not affected by lifestyle.
D) Storage fat is not affected by genetics.

Question 6

In comparing typical 20- to 24-year-old men and women, gender variations in body composition are found primarily in ________ and ________.

A) storage fat; muscle
B) muscle; essential fat
C) bone; storage fat
D) muscle; bone

Question 7

From the mid-1970s to 2012, the number of overweight children and adolescents

A) increased by 3%.
B) increased by 10%.
C) decreased by 5%.
D) remained the same.

Question 8

What would cause a beginning exerciser to experience weight gain without an accompanied increase in storage fat?

A) An increase in muscle tissue
B) An ineffective exercise regimen
C) An increase in adipose tissue
D) Not performing enough sit-ups

Question 9

Your friend Joe would like to know his BMI. He is 6' 3" (1.905 m) and his weight is 250 lbs (113.4 kg). What is his BMI (kg/m²)?

A) 18.6
B) 22.5
C) 31.2
D) 40.9

Question 10

A disease risk assessment using height and weight is

A) BMI.
B) bone mineral density.
C) flexibility.
D) skinfold thickness.

Question 11

A BMI between 25 and 29.9 is classified as

A) normal weight.
B) acceptable weight.
C) overweight.
D) obese.

Question 12

category would she be in?

A) Normal weight
B) Underweight
C) Overweight
D) Obese

Question 13

BMIs in ________ and ________ ranges are associated with increased risk for premature death and disease.

A) extremely high; moderately low
B) extremely high; moderately high
C) moderately high; moderately low
D) extremely high; extremely low

Question 14

Which of the following is a limitation of BMI?

A) It doesn't differentiate between fat mass and lean mass.
B) It is not helpful for individuals of average muscle and bone density.
C) It is impractical to use in assessing large populations for weight classification and disease risk.
D) It requires expensive equipment to measure.

Question 15

Waist circumference is a measurement that assesses potential risk for disease based on ________ fat.

A) chest
B) thigh
C) abdominal
D) arm

Question 16

________ and ________ put an individual at greatest risk for cardiovascular disease.

A) A low BMI; a high waist circumference
B) A high BMI; a high waist circumference
C) A high waist circumference; a high waist-to-hip ratio
D) A high BMI; a high waist-to-hip ratio

Question 17

Waist-to-hip ratio is calculated by

A) hip circumference divided by waist circumference.
B) waist circumference multiplied by hip circumference.
C) waist circumference divided by hip circumference.
D) hip circumference minus waist circumference.

Question 18

Your brother has a waist circumference of 33" and a hip circumference of 40". What is his waist-to-hip ratio?

A) 0.954
B) 0.825
C) 0.763
D) 1.27

Question 19

Which of the following is the best assessment for indicating disease risk?

A) Waist-to-hip ratio
B) Waist circumference
C) Hydrostatic weighing
D) Skinfold thickness

Question 20

People with android fat distribution carry more fat around their

A) hips.
B) stomach.
C) arms.
D) thighs.

Question 21

Which waist-to-hip ratio is an indicator of high risk in young women?

A) 0.94 or more
B) 0.82 or more
C) 0.74 or more
D) 0.62 or more

Question 22

A person with gynoid pattern obesity would most likely carry excess body fat in which area?

A) Arms
B) Abdomen
C) Face
D) Hips

Question 23

Adipose tissue that surrounds organs in the abdomen is known as

A) gynoid pattern obesity.
B) subcutaneous fat.
C) android pattern obesity.
D) visceral fat.

Question 24

Which of the following is the most accurate method of estimating body composition?

A) Computed tomography
B) Skinfold measurements
C) Hydrostatic weighing
D) Air displacement

Question 25

Which of the following techniques is considered the "gold standard" for assessing body fat percentage?

A) Hydrostatic
B) Bod Pod
C) DXA
D) BIA

Question 26

Which method of body composition assessment uses low-dose beams of x-ray energy to measure total fat mass, fat distribution pattern, and bone density?

A) Skinfold assessment
B) BMI
C) DXA
D) Air displacement

Question 27

Which of the following skinfold sites is used to measure body fat in females?

A) Chest
B) Thigh
C) Abdomen
D) Bicep

Question 28

Skinfold measurements have what range of error in predicting percent body fat?

A) 7-8%
B) 1-2%
C) 5-6%
D) 3-4%

Question 29

Skinfold thickness is measured with a

A) caliper.
B) dynamometer.
C) Bod Pod.
D) BIA.

Question 30

Which of the following conditions would make hydrostatic weighing most difficult for the subject?

A) The subject is excessively lean.
B) The subject is moderately overweight.
C) The subject is a beginning level swimmer.
D) The subject is not comfortable being submerged.

Question 31

Hydrostatic weighing is a body composition technique that utilizes

A) water displacement.
B) circumference measurements.
C) BMI.
D) air displacement.

Question 32

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of water displacement?

A) Muscle is a better conductor of an electrical current than fat.
B) Body weight is the sole factor determining how much a person weighs underwater.
C) Denser objects sink while lighter objects float.
D) Fat contains more water than lean tissue.

Question 33

Which of the following techniques of body composition assessment is most similar in concept to hydrostatic weighing?

A) Air displacement
B) Bioelectrical impedance
C) BMI
D) DXA

Question 34

Bioelectrical impedance is based on the principle that

A) lean tissue is less dense than fat tissue.
B) lean tissue is a better conductor of an electrical current than fat tissue.
C) water travels more efficiently through fat tissue than lean tissue.
D) fat floats and lean tissue sinks.

Question 35

Max climbs into a Bod Pod at the football training camp to have his body composition assessed. What method does the Bod Pod use to calculate estimated percentage body fat?

A) Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
B) Bioelectrical impedance analysis
C) Air displacement
D) Hydrostatic weighing

Question 36

The range of error for a bioelectrical impedance (BIA) in measuring body composition is

A) 5-10%.
B) 5-7%.
C) 3-4%.
D) 1-3%.

Question 37

Quick weight loss results in a loss of

A) water.
B) fat.
C) blood.
D) self-esteem.

Question 38

When setting goals for achieving a healthy body composition, it is a good idea to

A) aim to increase your fat mass gradually.
B) expect rapid weight loss.
C) exercise specific areas to lose using spot reduction.
D) choose a target weight that is healthy and that you can maintain for a lifetime.

Question 39

Which of the following assessment techniques may be monitored weekly to track progress in meeting body composition goals?

A) body weight
B) BMI
C) body circumference
D) percentage body fat

Question 40

Jessie is trying to meet a healthy body composition goal. How often should Jessie have his BMI reassessed?

A) Weekly
B) Daily
C) Bi-weekly
D) Once a month or less

Question 41

Which of the following groups are at greatest risk for the female athlete triad?

A) Soccer players
B) Softball players
C) Gymnasts
D) Swimmers

Question 42

The self-esteem and body composition disorder in which men who are of normal weight and even unusually muscular think that they are "puny"is which of the following?

A) Athlete triad
B) Muscle dysmorphia
C) Android obesity pattern
D) Gynoid obesity pattern

Question 43

Kim is a college soccer player. Her training coach assessed her body composition using skinfold thickness. She had 15% body fat. This percentage body fat is classified as

A) athletic/low.
B) fitness.
C) acceptable.
D) obese.

Question 44

Storage fat provides padding to the organs.

Question 45

Lean body mass is body weight minus fat.

Question 46

Essential fat required for females is 12%.

Question 47

Storage fat provides energy.

Question 48

Storage fat is nonessential fat stored in tissue near the body's surface and around major body organs.

Question 49

Essential fat is needed for normal body functioning.

Question 50

Obesity does not increase a person's risk for death and disability.

Question 51

The percentage of overweight adults has decreased over the past 5 years.

Question 52

BMI incorporates height and weight to estimate weight classification.

Question 53

A BMI of 25 or greater but less than 30 is classified as "overweight."

Question 54

BMI is the most accurate predictor of disease risk.

Question 55

Gynoid obesity is seen in people who store fat in the abdominal area.

Question 56

A DXA scan is an inexpensive method of assessing body composition that you can do in your own home.

Question 57

Hydrostatic weighing is the least effective technique for assessing percentage body fat.

Question 58

DXA is readily available to most fitness participants.

Question 59

A subject's amount of water intake can significantly alter the results of a bioelectrical impedance analysis machine.

Question 60

Bioelectrical impedance is a technique to determine risk for cardiovascular disease.

Question 61

Abdominal fat increases your risk for disease much more than fat on your calves.

Question 62

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using BMI to assess weight classification.

Question 63

Identify two common body fat distribution patterns. Discuss the role that body fat distribution plays in disease risk.

Question 64

Discuss five techniques to measure body composition. List advantages and disadvantages of each.

Question 65

Explain what cellulite is and list three ways to reduce cellulite in the body.