Deck 21: Transcription and RNA

Question 1

Genomic DNA that encodes proteins undergoes the process of _____ to produce _____.

A) transcription; mRNA
B) transcription; tRNA
C) translation; rRNA
D) translation; proteins
E) transcription; proteins

Answer 1

transcription; mRNA

Question 2

Which subunit of the E. coli RNA polymerase recognizes the promoter region?

A) $\alpha$
B) $\beta$
C)
D)
E) $\sigma$

Answer 2

$\sigma$

Question 3

Eukaryotic enhancers are located up to _____ base pairs upstream from the promoter.

A) 50
B) 120
C) 500
D) 1,500
E) 120,000

Answer 3

120,000

Question 4

Genes that are not often transcribed generally have _____ sequences that bind to _____ proteins.

A) inhibitor; mediator
B) interrupter; regulatory
C) obstruction; restraint
D) silencer; repressor
E) negative control; arrestor

Question 5

The protein that is responsible for bringing together proteins bound to enhancers with proteins bound to promoters is called _____.

A) TAF1
B) chromatin remodeling enhancer
C) mediator complex
D) $\sigma$ subunit of RNA polymerase
E) none of the above

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the functioning of the lac repressor protein?

A) in the presence of allolactose, the protein binds the operator inhibiting transcription
B) in the presence of allolactose, the protein binds the operator enhancing transcription
C) in the absence of allolactose, the protein binds the operator inhibiting transcription
D) in the absence of allolactose, the protein binds the operator enhancing transcription
E) none of the above

Question 7

RNA polymerase is said to have high _____, meaning that it can catalyze thousands to millions of reactions without releasing the DNA template

A) processivity
B) continuity
C) fidelity
D) stability
E) connectivity

Question 8

Phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of eukaryotic RNA polymerase inhibits interaction with what protein, thus allowing the polymerase to leave the promoter?

A) mediator complex
B) all transcription factors
C) TFIIF and TFIIH
D) TFIIS
E) none of the above

Question 9

What DNA sequence is found on the template strand at the termination of prokaryotic transcription?

A) series of CG repeats followed by string of 10-12 U
B) section of Z-DNA followed by repetitive CAT sequence
C) palindromic sequence followed by poly(A) region
D) series of TATA boxes
E) series of CpG islands

Question 10

Eukaryotic transcription termination generally occurs at _____ sites in the DNA sequence.

A) stop
B) pause
C) disconnect
D) exonuclease binding
E) CpG island

Question 11

During mRNA synthesis, _____ are removed and the _____ are spliced together to create the mature mRNA

A) introns; exons
B) exons; introns
C) snRNAs; miRNAs
D) miRNAs; snRNAs
E) none of the above

Question 12

In a typical gene, what percentage of the bases represents introns?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 25%
D) 50%
E) 90%

Question 13

Which of the following details the correct sequence of events for RNA interference mediated by siRNA?

A) degradation of passenger RNA strand, binding of mRNA, formation of double-stranded RNA, cleavage by dicer, binding to RISC, cleavage of mRNA
B) binding to RISC, binding of mRNA, formation of double-stranded RNA, degradation of passenger RNA strand, cleavage by dicer, cleavage of mRNA
C) formation of double-stranded RNA, cleavage by dicer, binding to RISC, degradation of passenger RNA strand, binding of mRNA, cleavage of mRNA
D) binding of mRNA, formation of double-stranded RNA, degradation of passenger RNA strand, cleavage by dicer, binding to RISC, cleavage of mRNA
E) binding of mRNA, formation of double-stranded RNA, cleavage by dicer, degradation of passenger RNA strand, binding to RISC, cleavage of mRNA,

Question 14

Which of the following is a common modification seen in rRNA and tRNA?

A) dihydrouridine
B) N²,N²-dimethylguanosine
C) 3-methylcytidine
D) pseudouridine
E) all of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is seen in the following figure?

A) a standard G-C base pair with a nonstandard A-G base pair
B) a standard A-U base pair with a nonstandard A-G base pair
C) a standard G-U base pair with a nonstandard A-C base pair
D) a standard A-C base pair with a nonstandard U-G base pair
E) a standard G-U base pair with a nonstandard G-G base pair

Question 16

What modified base is seen in the following figure?

A) 3-methyluridine
B) 3-methylcytidine
C) 3-methyladenosine
D) 3-methylguanosine
E) none of the above

Question 17

Which of the following best describe the following base pair?

A) a typical G-C base pair
B) a typical A-U base pair
C) a nonstandard C-A base pair
D) a nonstandard G-U base pair
E) a nonstandard G-C base pair

Question 18

Which of the following is thought to be the origin of RNA interference?

A) removal of mistranscribed mRNA
B) removal of excessive mRNA
C) antiviral defense
D) antibiotic for RNA based bacteria
E) none of the above

Question 19

Histone proteins that bind to areas of DNA that are highly transcribed are often _____ on _____ residues.

A) methylated; lysine
B) phosphorylated; serine
C) phosphorylated; tyrosine
D) acetylated; histidine
E) acetylated; lysine

Question 20

In terms of histone modification enzymes, a(n) ___ is an example of an eraser while a ___ is an example of a writer

Question 21

Which of the following bases is not present in RNA?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)