Deck 12: Adolescence: Emotional and Social Development

Question 1

In the early twentieth century G. Stanley Hall depicted adolescence as a period of:

A) calm and quiet
B) storm and stress
C) peace and love
D) growth and creativity

Answer 1

storm and stress

Question 2

Laurie and Ellen spend all their free time after school together. They share their intimate feelings about life as well as fears and secrets with each other but not with anyone else. They talk about their futures and what is in store for them. They laugh and cry together and are best friends. Neither one of them has a boyfriend. Most likely, they are in which of Sullivan's stages?

A) preadolescence
B) early adolescence
C) late adolescence
D) none of these

Answer 2

preadolescence

Question 3

Adeline is feeling confused. She needs the friendships she has with her longstanding female friends, but finds herself breaking away from them in favor of the attention she receives from boys and from the more popular girls in her school. Although she wants to maintain all these relationships for different reasons, it is becoming difficult. Added to this, she is undergoing genital maturation. Most likely Adeline is in which of Sullivan's stages?

A) preadolescence
B) early adolescence
C) late adolescence
D) none of these

Answer 3

early adolescence

Question 4

Janie has a first-time boyfriend with whom she is physically and emotionally intimate. She spends most of her free time with him because he satisfies her need for love. Most likely Janie is in which of Sullivan's stages?

A) preadolescence
B) early adolescence
C) late adolescence
D) none of these

Question 5

During adolescence a person goes through which challenge of development, according to Erikson?

A) initiative versus guilt
B) industry versus inferiority
C) identity versus role confusion
D) intimacy versus isolation

Question 6

Which descriptors best characterize Erikson's view of adolescent identities?

A) tentative, ambiguous, and feeling lost
B) stable, gradually and steadily changing
C) assured, assertive, and self-actualizing
D) strong, selfless, and also well-adjusted

Question 7

John is 19 years old and lives with his parents. He does not have a job nor does he attend college. When asked he admits that he doesn't know what he would like to do or become. John is most likely experiencing:

A) negative diffusion
B) identity diffusion
C) identity confusion
D) motivational deficit

Question 8

Seventeen-year-old Amalie has taken up residence with a group of violent skinheads. She has dropped out of high school and is unemployed. She engages in dumpster diving for food and other necessities. When questioned, she insists that she is quite happy with her lifestyle and has a positive self-image. Most likely Amalie has developed:

A) negative identity
B) identity diffusion
C) debased identity
D) identity disorder

Question 9

Eighteen-year-old Adolph tortures the neighborhood pets in his community and engages in destruction of property. He uses the Internet to download pornography and is prone to violent behavior. Most likely he has formed:

A) identity diffusion
B) a negative identity
C) a deviant identity
D) disintegrated identity

Question 10

At age 18, Lucia is planning her schooling and career with the goal of becoming an attorney. Both of her parents are attorneys, and it was always expected that Lucia would also become one. Lucia has never considered any other options for fear of going against her parents' wishes. According to James Marcia, Lucia most likely is experiencing:

A) identity diffusion
B) identity foreclosure
C) identity achievement
D) identity moratorium

Question 11

Nineteen-year-old Sybil has decided to take some time off from her studies. She plans to live in Paris and pursue her interest in painting. According to James Marcia, she is most likely experiencing:

A) identity diffusion
B) identity foreclosure
C) identity achievement
D) identity moratorium

Question 12

Priscilla has always been perceived as a "people person." She had always expressed interest in other people's well-being and welfare. It was not a surprise to anyone who knew her that she decided to become a social worker. According to James Marcia, she is most likely experiencing:

A) identity diffusion
B) identity foreclosure
C) identity achievement
D) identity moratorium

Question 13

Puberty rites might include which of the following?

A) seclusion from society
B) instruction from elders
C) a transition ceremony
D) all of these

Question 14

Psychologist Albert Bandura argues that the idea of adolescence as a time of storm and stress:

A) is a stereotype which is actually representative of reality
B) is characterized by deviant behavior for most individuals
C) is myth based on cultural expectation and representations
D) none of these

Question 15

According to Carol Gilligan, which of the following is true regarding adolescent girls in high school?

A) They are less confident than in grade school.
B) They have a poorer self-image than in grade school.
C) They have lower expectations of themselves than in grade school.
D) All of these are true.

Question 16

According to the longitudinal study cited in your textbook that examined identity and self-esteem, which of the following statements is true?

A) Girls' IQ scores increase during adolescence.
B) Girls' scores in math and science increase during adolescence.
C) Girls' self-esteem decreases during adolescence.
D) Boys' self-esteem drops dramatically during adolescence.

Question 17

According to Gurian, the reason boys in puberty often earn lower grades than females is related to all of the following EXCEPT:

A) cultural expectations
B) more dopamine in a male's brain affecting impulse control
C) difficulty attending to lecture-style teaching
D) brain research that confirms structural and behavioral differences in the male and female brain

Question 18

Norma and Wylie believe that there is misunderstanding, antagonism, and separation between people of the younger and older generations. They are expressing a belief in:

A) cultural dissonance
B) a generation gap
C) cohort cohesion
D) none of these

Question 19

Teenagers who grew up with Elvis, rock and roll, jukeboxes, leather jackets, and DAs were expressing an adherence to:

A) a generation gap
B) a youth culture
C) cultural cleavage
D) youth alienation

Question 20

According to demographers, the largest cohort in American history is the group born since the 1980s through 2010. They are known as:

A) Baby Boomers
B) The Silent Generation
C) Generation X
D) The Millennials

Question 21

The sympathetic identification in which group members come to feel that their inner experiences and emotional reactions are similar is called:

A) the generation gap
B) the youth culture
C) consciousness of oneness
D) cultural cleavage

Question 22

According to the research cited in your textbook, which of the following shows a decline from early to late adolescence?

A) amount of time spent with parents
B) the sense of emotional closeness to parents
C) the yielding of decision making to parents
D) all of these

Question 23

In general, concerning the issues of finances, education, and career plans, adolescents seek the advice and counsel of:

A) friends
B) school staff
C) religious leaders
D) their parents

Question 24

In general, concerning matters of clothing, dating, and drinking, adolescents seek the advice and counsel of:

A) friends
B) school staff
C) religious leaders
D) their parents

Question 25

Parents report that among the more intense conflicts with high school teens is:

A) personal autonomy
B) household chores
C) television viewing
D) room care

Question 26

Which of the following is a factor that affects adolescent sexual behavior?

A) age of mother's first sexual experience and first birth
B) presence of older, sexually active siblings
C) poverty
D) all of these

Question 27

In general, what trends have been noted with regard to dating?

A) The traditional pattern of dating and courtship still predominates these days.
B) Dating and courtship does not seem to exist and has been replaced by casual sex patterns.
C) Dating and courtship have become much more formal in recent years than before.
D) Actual dating has been almost completely replaced these days by online dating.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is true regarding love?

A) Every society views love in the same way.
B) All societies insist upon love as being a prerequisite to marriage.
C) Some societies consider a strong love attraction laughable.
D) Love is not dependent upon social or cultural factors.

Question 29

Intense romantic attractions trigger neurochemical reactions that produce effects much like those produced by:

A) narcotics
B) a manic state
C) a psychotic state
D) amphetamines

Question 30

Regarding masturbation, most medical authorities believe:

A) it is physiologically harmless
B) it is physiologically harmful
C) it is not practiced by very young children
D) none of these

Question 31

Which of the following is true about the rates of adolescent sexual experience?

A) The rates increased through the 1980s but declined from 1990 to 2005.
B) The rates decreased through the 1980s but have begun to increase since 1990.
C) The rates have continued to increase from the 1980s to the present.
D) The rates have remained stable since the 1980s.

Question 32

According to your textbook, U.S. teens have higher rates of sexually transmitted infections than teens in other developed countries due to:

A) the absence of sex education in schools
B) lower spending on public health programs
C) a higher rate of multiple sexual partners
D) none of these

Question 33

Compared to seven decades ago, the rate of teen births has:

A) declined to an all-time low
B) increased to an all-time high
C) increased slightly
D) remained stable

Question 34

Which of the following nations has the highest teen birth rate?

A) Japan
B) United States
C) United Kingdom
D) Canada

Question 35

Teens who have difficulty entering the job market include:

A) single teenage mothers
B) teens with disabilities
C) teens from minorities
D) all of these groups

Question 36

Alicia is a teen who works 20 hours or more a week during the school year. Alicia and other teens like her would most likely:

A) have lower rates of school deviance
B) have lower rates of drug abuse
C) be emotionally distressed
D) none of these

Question 37

Who among the following are most likely to drop out of high school?

A) students from poor families
B) males
C) pregnant teens
D) all of these

Question 38

The use of chemical agents to an extent that it interferes with one's health, social, or vocational functioning, or the functioning of the rest of society is known as:

A) recreational drug use
B) drug abuse
C) normal behavior
D) none of these

Question 39

Ronald is at a frat party and has just downed five tequila shots in succession. He is engaging in:

A) recreational drinking
B) nonharmful party behavior
C) binge drinking
D) none of these

Question 40

Binge drinkers are more likely to:

A) die from alcohol poisoning
B) have unprotected sex
C) be raped
D) all of these

Question 41

Stunted growth, mood changes, acne, fluid retention, breast development in males, masculinization in females, high blood pressure, and reversible sterility are symptoms most closely associated with which of the following behaviors?

A) using inhalants
B) using cocaine
C) using steroids
D) using marijuana

Question 42

According to the statistics cited in your textbook, in 2010, what average percentage of U.S. high school students reported having used marijuana in the past 30 days?

A) 12
B) 20
C) 33
D) 50

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true regarding youth and suicide?

A) Males are more likely to consider suicide while females are more successful at ending their lives.
B) Females are more likely to consider suicide while males are more successful at ending their lives.
C) Females and males are equally likely to attempt suicide.
D) Females and males are equally likely to commit suicide.

Question 44

The strongest risk factor for completed suicide is:

A) the presence of a firearm in the home
B) access to Internet sites regarding suicide
C) lack of supervision in the home
D) poverty

Question 45

The largest group in the United States to be both victims and perpetrators of violent acts is:

A) middle-aged adult males
B) children
C) male adolescents
D) elderly

Question 46

In a debate on the nature of adolescence, your opponent argues that adolescence is a period of "storm and stress." How would you argue against this view?

Question 47

What is meant by youth culture? What are its trademarks and what qualities are valued by youth culture?

Question 48

Briefly discuss the problem of suicide among U.S. teenagers.