Deck 10: Cardiovascular Health

Question 1

Hypertension is both a major risk factor and a form of CVD.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In atherosclerosis, arteries become narrowed by deposits of fat, cholesterol, and other substances.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The process of atherosclerosis begins when the endothelial cells lining the arteries become stronger.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The body's response to atherosclerosis and subsequent endothelial damage is inflammation and changes in the artery lining.

Question 5

An artery narrowed by a plaque cannot be vulnerable to blockage by blood clots.

Question 6

Arteriosclerosis can increase blood pressure.

Question 7

A heart rate that is too fast, too slow, or irregular is called angina.

Question 8

Ventricular fibrillation is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death.

Question 9

Aspirin may be recommended for people with heart disease because it reduces clotting and inflammation.

Question 10

A stroke is also called a cardiovascular accident.

Question 11

If brain cells are deprived of blood for more than a few minutes, they die.

Question 12

Nerve cells control sensation and most body movements, hence depending on the area of the brain that is affected, a stroke may cause paralysis, walking disability, speech impairment, or memory loss.

Question 13

The heart's pumping mechanism can be damaged by a number of conditions, including high blood pressure, heart attack, atherosclerosis, rheumatic fever, or birth defects.

Question 14

In some circumstances, fluid can collect in the lungs and interfere with breathing, particularly when a person is lying down.

Question 15

Pulmonary edema is a condition where the heart is filled with fluids.

Question 16

The ideal treatment for congestive heart failure is to increase the cardiac load.

Question 17

A blood pressure of 120/90 is classified as healthy.

Question 18

Even if several relatives died of a heart attack at age 55, you can live to an old age by controlling your risk factors.

Question 19

Cigarette smoke reduces the amount of oxygen available to the heart.

Question 20

Cigarette smokers are 2-4 times more likely to develop CVD.

Question 21

Long-term exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has been shown to increase HDL.

Question 22

Women who smoke double their risk for cervical cancer, triple their risk of dying from CVD, and are 5 times more likely to die from a stroke than women who do not smoke.

Question 23

Children who live with parents who smoke in the house are at an increased risk of developing heart disease.

Question 24

In most cases, hypertension cannot be cured, only treated and controlled.

Question 25

The optimal level of total cholesterol in adults is less than 7 mmol/L.

Question 26

People who exercise occasionally can cut their risk for heart disease in half.

Question 27

A person who is 20 pounds overweight has double the risk for heart disease than someone who is a normal weight.

Question 28

Fat that collects in the torso is associated with a lower CVD risk than fat that collects around the hips.

Question 29

Diabetes describes a condition where there is a problem with glucose metabolism.

Question 30

The recommended limit for daily intake of sodium is equivalent to about two teaspoons per day.

Question 31

The process of atherosclerosis typically begins at about age 50.

Question 32

A high level of HDL is a significant risk factor for CVD.

Question 33

People who are unable to talk about heart ache and personal problems with others are at an increased risk for heart disease.

Question 34

Blood fats such as triglycerides are only manufactured by the body and are not acquired through diet.

Question 35

For people with borderline high triglyceride levels, increased physical activity and weight reduction can help bring levels down into the healthy range.

Question 36

The risk of heart attack increases dramatically after age 65.

Question 37

Having an unfavorable set of genes increases the risk for CVD and the risk is not modifiable by lifestyle factors.

Question 38

Women now have more heart attacks than men.

Question 39

Some infectious diseases can increase a person's risk for heart disease.

Question 40

Fish and shellfish are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids.

Question 41

Health Canada recommends that all Canadians adopt a diet in which total fat consumption is no more than 50% of total daily calories, with no more than one-third of those fat calories (10% of total daily calories) coming from saturated fat.

Question 42

Animal products contain cholesterol as well as saturated fat.

Question 43

Canadians should limit their daily dietary cholesterol intake to no more than 500 mg per day.

Question 44

Studies have shown that a high-fibre diet is associated with a 5-10% reduction in the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Question 45

Population groups at special risk, including those with hypertension, middle-aged, and older adults, should not consume more than 1500 milligrams of salt per day.

Question 46

Moderate alcohol use may increase HDL cholesterol

Question 47

You can significantly reduce your risk of CVD with a moderate amount of physical activity

Question 48

Smoking is not the number-one risk factor for CVD.

Question 49

For some people, adopting therapeutic lifestyle changes such as weight management, increased physical activity, and dietary changes is enough to lower cholesterol levels.

Question 50

If anger and hostility are problems in one's life, then the individual should try some massage techniques to manage stress and anger.

Question 51

The leading cause of death in Canada is:

A) unintentional injuries.
B) cancer.
C) cardiovascular disease.
D) AIDS.

Question 52

Deposits, called _____, accumulate on artery walls, leading to loss of elasticity and, in turn, the ability to expand and contract, thereby restricting blood flow.

A) calcium
B) free radicals
C) plaques
D) blood

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT a warning sign of a heart attack?

A) Chest pain
B) Shortness of breath
C) Nausea or vomiting
D) Sudden confusion

Question 54

Strokes can cause permanent damage because:

A) clots in cerebral arteries cannot be relieved.
B) brain cells die when deprived of oxygen.
C) cerebral hypertension is not treatable.
D) they affect all areas of the brain.

Question 55

Treatment for a stroke usually involves:

A) chest compressions.
B) clot dissolvers.
C) an exercise program.
D) pain killers

Question 56

More than _________% of people who suffer a stroke, will have long-term disability.

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

Question 57

Silent strokes are referred to as:

A) Silent cerebral infarcts
B) Silent cardiac infarcts
C) Silent renal infarcts
D) Silent pulmonary infarcts

Question 58

Which one of the following is a disease that may result in congestive heart failure?

A) Rheumatic fever
B) Dengue fever
C) High HDL levels
D) High LDL levels

Question 59

Fluid collection in the lung is referred to as

A) Pitting edema
B) Cardiac edema
C) Pulmonary edema
D) Cranial edema

Question 60

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease that can be changed are:

A) tobacco use, high blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol levels.
B) high blood pressure, obesity, and chronic infection.
C) elevated cholesterol levels, tobacco use, and type 1 diabetes.
D) too much physical inactivity, high blood pressure, and high homocysteine levels.

Question 61

Your risk of developing CVD increases with the length and intensity of your exposure to:

A) fresh vegetables.
B) high HDL levels.
C) cigarette smoke.
D) antioxidant.

Question 62

Women who smoke double their risk for _____ cancer.

A) pancreatic
B) skin
C) prostate
D) cervical

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT a mode by which smoking harms the cardiovascular system?

A) It damages the linings of arteries.
B) Nicotine decreases blood pressure and heart rate.
C) The carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke displaces oxygen in the blood, reducing the amount of oxygen available to the body.
D) It reduces the level of high-density lipoproteins.

Question 64

Canadian Hypertension Guidelines define high blood pressure in adults as equal to or greater than:

A) 120/80
B) 110/60
C) 140/90
D) 160/100

Question 65

Smokers have a higher risk of dying from a heart attack because:

A) blood tends to clot more in a smoker than a non-smoker.
B) blood pressure is lower.
C) smokers have poorer nutritional habits.
D) of toxins in the liver.

Question 66

High blood pressure contributes to CVD by:

A) displacing oxygen in the blood.
B) scarring and hardening arteries.
C) increasing stroke volume of the heart.
D) increasing the number of red blood cells.

Question 67

While cholesterol is important for many body functions, excess cholesterol is hazardous to health because it is deposited:

A) in fat cells.
B) on artery walls.
C) in cell membranes.
D) around nerves.

Question 68

The form of blood fat that carries cholesterol out from the liver to other parts of the body and can lead to cholesterol deposits on artery walls is:

A) low-density lipoprotein.
B) high-density lipoprotein.
C) very-low-density lipoprotein.
D) triglycerides.

Question 69

Which blood cholesterol level should be high?

A) Triglycerides
B) LDL
C) HDL
D) No cholesterol level should be high

Question 70

For adults, a desirable/recommended level of total cholesterol should be _____ mmol/L.

A) 10.5
B) 7.6
C) 5.2
D) 3.0

Question 71

The recommended level of HDL for adults is:

A) less than 5.2 mmol/L.
B) less than 4.6 mmol/L.
C) equal to or more than 0.5 mmol/L.
D) equal to or more than 0.9 mmol/L.

Question 72

What level of LDL would be a risk factor for heart disease?

A) Less than 5.2 mmol/L
B) More than 5.2 mmol/L
C) Less than 3.5 mmol/L
D) More than 3.5 mmol/L

Question 73

Cardiovascular disease risk is greatest for people who tend to store body fat in the:

A) torso.
B) hips.
C) thighs.
D) shoulders.

Question 74

What organ produces cholesterol?

A) Liver
B) Kidneys
C) Pancreas
D) Spleen

Question 75

Approximately what percentage of people are not active enough to reduce their risk of heart disease?

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 80%

Question 76

How does excess body weight put a person at risk for heart disease?

A) Platelets are stickier.
B) Blood production of cholesterol is increased.
C) Stress levels are increased.
D) Coronary arteries are less healthy.

Question 77

How does diabetes increase a person's risk for heart disease?

A) It puts added strain on the heart.
B) Cholesterol levels increase.
C) Arteries are damaged.
D) Eyesight is compromised.

Question 78

How is hypertension usually detected?

A) It causes angina pectoris, resulting in chest pains.
B) It causes arrhythmia.
C) It causes weakness in the limbs.
D) It often goes undetected for long periods because it often has no perceived symptoms.

Question 79

Which of the following statements about gender and CVD is TRUE?

A) In Canada, CVD is the leading killer of men more so than women.
B) Estrogen may offer post-menopausal women some protection against CVD.
C) The incidence of hypertension is higher in women than in men before age 55.
D) Women are more likely than men to have classic heart attack symptoms, like chest pain.

Question 80

Genetics play a role in a person's risk for having heart disease. What is one thing that might be inherited?

A) Cholesterol levels
B) Blood toxins
C) Homocysteine levels
D) Platelet levels