Deck 7: Quantitative Research Designs

Question 1

Experimental research:

A) most often occurs in the lab or other simulated environment controlled by the researcher.
B) produces data that are examined by statistical tests.
C) seeks to describe events rather than determine causation.
D) relies on nonprobability sampling for selection of research participants.
E) a and b

Answer 1

a and b

Question 2

In a classical experiment, the researcher:

A) controls the treatment of manipulation of the independent variable.
B) relies on natural variation in the independent variable.
C) tests only one value of the independent variable.
D) ignores the independent variable.
E) ignores the dependent variable.

Answer 2

controls the treatment of manipulation of the independent variable.

Question 3

Treatment groups are:

A) used in descriptive research designs.
B) based on theory and reflected in the study's hypotheses.
C) the groups in which participants receive no stimuli.
D) compared to the control group.
E) b and d

Answer 3

b and d

Question 4

In a longitudinal design:

A) there are multiple measurements of the dependent variable.
B) the length of time between measurements is relative to the topic of study.
C) the greater the length of time between measurements, the more likely it is that other factors can influence the dependent variable.
D) are particularly effective for evaluating the degree to which training has been effective or the degree to which knowledge has been retained.
E) all of the above.

Question 5

Researchers can influence the results of any experimental design by:

A) simply being themselves. A researcher's characteristics can influence how participants respond.
B) unknowingly encouraging participants to respond in the way that supports the predictions of their hypotheses.
C) being blind to the experimental conditions.
D) selecting participants from a population with whom they are unfamiliar.
E) a and b

Question 6

A research protocol:

A) is the form the participant reads and agrees to before participating in the research project.
B) is the set of instructions the researcher reads to participants in an experiment.
C) details each procedural step of the research design.
D) is the questionnaire to which participants respond.
E) is the same for every research study.

Question 7

Match the following terms and the descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more thanonce.

-researcher manipulation of independent variables and random assignment of participants to conditions.

A) descriptive research design
B) experimental research design
C) quasi-experimental research design

Question 8

Match the following terms and the descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more thanonce.

-manipulation of independent variables, but no random assignment of participants.

A) descriptive research design
B) experimental research design
C) quasi-experimental research design

Question 9

Match the following terms and the descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more thanonce.

-temporal order of variables is not clearly determined.

A) descriptive research design
B) experimental research design
C) quasi-experimental research design

Question 10

Match the following terms and the descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more thanonce.

-the terms presictor variable and criterion variable and dependent for the terms independent variable and dependent variable, respectivly.

A) descriptive research design
B) experimental research design
C) quasi-experimental research design

Question 11

Match the following terms and the descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more thanonce.

-initially developed for study in the physical sciences.

A) descriptive research design
B) experimental research design
C) quasi-experimental research design

Question 12

Match the following terms and the descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more thanonce.

-relies on natural variation of the independent variable.

A) descriptive research design
B) experimental research design
C) quasi-experimental research design

Question 13

Match the following terms and the descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more thanonce.

-also called correlational or non-experimental studies.

A) descriptive research design
B) experimental research design
C) quasi-experimental research design

Question 14

Match the following terms and the descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more thanonce.

-the classic model against which other forms of exoerimenation are evaluated.

A) descriptive research design
B) experimental research design
C) quasi-experimental research design

Question 15

Match the following terms and descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more than once.

-two or more independent variables atr tested for the ifluence o the dependent variable.

A) factorial design
B) pretest-posttest
C) posttest only

Question 16

Match the following terms and descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more than once.

-answers the question"do two groups differ after the sstimulus is presented to only one group?"

A) factorial design
B) pretest-posttest
C) posttest only

Question 17

Match the following terms and descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more than once.

-answers the question"is the measurement of the dependent variable different at time 2 than at time 1?"

A) factorial design
B) pretest-posttest
C) posttest only

Question 18

Match the following terms and descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more than once.

-can test for an interaction effect

A) factorial design
B) pretest-posttest
C) posttest only

Question 19

In experimental research designs, participants in the control group never receive any form of treatment of the independent variable.

Question 20

Experimental research designs must have a temporal component.

Question 21

The strength of experimental designs is that the degree of control helps eliminate rival explanations for the changes observed.

Question 22

The underlying principle of random assignment of participants to treatment groups is that any differences among individuals before the treatment are minimized by the random assignment.

Question 23

Selecting a random sample is the same as randomly assigning individuals to treatment and control groups.

Question 24

A manipulation check verifies that participants regarded the independent variable in the various ways that the researcher intended.

Question 25

In a factorial design, participants must be randomly assigned to conditions of all independent variables.

Question 26

Some control is lost when an experiment moves from the lab to the field. Thus, field experiments are considered quasi-experiments rather than experiments.

Question 27

Results from descriptive designs should not be used an explanation for causality.

Question 28

Only the classical form of experimentation is susceptible to researcher influence and procedural bias.

Question 29

Explain the advantages researchers accrue when they conduct experiments in lab environments.

Question 30

Describe the effect of random assignment of participants to treatment groups.

Question 31

Explain the effects on a study's results if the manipulation check demonstrates that participants did not view the different treatments of the independent variable in the way intended.

Question 32

Describe the difference between a main effect and an interaction effect.

Question 33

Describe the strengths and limitations of experimentation.

Question 34

Using sex as the independent variable, explain why some researchers question the reliability of relying on natural variation of the independent variable in quasi-experimental designs.

Question 35

Using an example, describe an appropriate use of a descriptive research design.