Question 1

Only the classical form of experimentation is susceptible to researcher influence and procedural bias.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Selecting a random sample is the same as randomly assigning individuals to treatment and control groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Describe the difference between a main effect and an interaction effect.

Accepted Answer

A main effect refers to the overall impact of one independent variable on the dependent variable, without considering the influence of any other variables. In other words, it shows the average effect of one variable across all levels of another variable. For example, in a study examining the effects of both gender and age on job performance, the main effect of gender would show the average difference in job performance between males and females, regardless of age.

On the other hand, an interaction effect occurs when the effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable changes depending on the level of another independent variable. In other words, the impact of one variable is not consistent across different levels of another variable. Using the same example, an interaction effect between gender and age would indicate that the effect of gender on job performance varies depending on the age of the individuals. This means that the difference in job performance between males and females is not the same for all age groups.

In summary, the main effect shows the overall impact of one variable, while an interaction effect demonstrates how the effect of one variable changes depending on the level of another variable. Both are important in understanding the complex relationships between variables in research.

Question 4

A manipulation check verifies that participants regarded the independent variable in the various ways that the researcher intended.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Match the following terms and descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more than once.
-two or more independent variables atr tested for the ifluence o the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  factorial design 
B)  pretest-posttest 
C)  posttest only 
A)  factorial design 
B)  pretest-posttest 
C)  posttest only

Question 6

Some control is lost when an experiment moves from the lab to the field. Thus, field experiments are considered quasi-experiments rather than experiments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Explain the effects on a study's results if the manipulation check demonstrates that participants did not view the different treatments of the independent variable in the way intended.

Accepted Answer

If a manipulation check in a study demon

Question 8

Researchers can influence the results of any experimental design by:

Accepted Answer

A)  simply being themselves. A researcher's characteristics can influence how participants respond. 
B)  unknowingly encouraging participants to respond in the way that supports the predictions of their hypotheses. 
C)  being blind to the experimental conditions. 
D)  selecting participants from a population with whom they are unfamiliar. 
E)  a and b 
A)  simply being themselves. A researcher's characteristics can influence how participants respond. 
B)  unknowingly encouraging participants to respond in the way that supports the predictions of their hypotheses. 
C)  being blind to the experimental conditions. 
D)  selecting participants from a population with whom they are unfamiliar. 
E)  a and b

Question 9

The underlying principle of random assignment of participants to treatment groups is that any differences among individuals before the treatment are minimized by the random assignment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A research protocol:

Accepted Answer

A)  is the form the participant reads and agrees to before participating in the research project. 
B)  is the set of instructions the researcher reads to participants in an experiment. 
C)  details each procedural step of the research design. 
D)  is the questionnaire to which participants respond. 
E)  is the same for every research study. 
A)  is the form the participant reads and agrees to before participating in the research project. 
B)  is the set of instructions the researcher reads to participants in an experiment. 
C)  details each procedural step of the research design. 
D)  is the questionnaire to which participants respond. 
E)  is the same for every research study.

Question 11

Experimental research designs must have a temporal component.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Match the following terms and descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more than once.
-can test for an interaction effect

Accepted Answer

A)  factorial design 
B)  pretest-posttest 
C)  posttest only 
A)  factorial design 
B)  pretest-posttest 
C)  posttest only

Question 13

The strength of experimental designs is that the degree of control helps eliminate rival explanations for the changes observed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Describe the effect of random assignment of participants to treatment groups.

Accepted Answer

Random assignment of participants to tre

Question 15

Explain the advantages researchers accrue when they conduct experiments in lab environments.

Accepted Answer

There are several advantages that resear

Question 16

Using an example, describe an appropriate use of a descriptive research design.

Accepted Answer

An appropriate use of a descriptive rese

Question 17

Experimental research:

Accepted Answer

A)  most often occurs in the lab or other simulated environment controlled by the researcher. 
B)  produces data that are examined by statistical tests. 
C)  seeks to describe events rather than determine causation. 
D)  relies on nonprobability sampling for selection of research participants. 
E)  a and b 
A)  most often occurs in the lab or other simulated environment controlled by the researcher. 
B)  produces data that are examined by statistical tests. 
C)  seeks to describe events rather than determine causation. 
D)  relies on nonprobability sampling for selection of research participants. 
E)  a and b

Question 18

In experimental research designs, participants in the control group never receive any form of treatment of the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Match the following terms and the descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more thanonce.
-the terms presictor variable and criterion variable and dependent for the terms independent variable and dependent variable, respectivly.

Accepted Answer

A)  descriptive research design 
B)  experimental research design 
C)  quasi-experimental research design 
A)  descriptive research design 
B)  experimental research design 
C)  quasi-experimental research design

Question 20

Using sex as the independent variable, explain why some researchers question the reliability of relying on natural variation of the independent variable in quasi-experimental designs.

Accepted Answer

Some researchers question the reliabilit

Only the classical form of experimentation is susceptible to researcher influence and procedural bias.

Selecting a random sample is the same as randomly assigning individuals to treatment and control groups.

Describe the difference between a main effect and an interaction effect.

A manipulation check verifies that participants regarded the independent variable in the various ways that the researcher intended.

Match the following terms and descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more than once. -two or more independent variables atr tested for the ifluence o the dependent variable.

Some control is lost when an experiment moves from the lab to the field. Thus, field experiments are considered quasi-experiments rather than experiments.

Explain the effects on a study's results if the manipulation check demonstrates that participants did not view the different treatments of the independent variable in the way intended.

Researchers can influence the results of any experimental design by:

The underlying principle of random assignment of participants to treatment groups is that any differences among individuals before the treatment are minimized by the random assignment.

A research protocol:

Experimental research designs must have a temporal component.

Match the following terms and descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more than once. -can test for an interaction effect

The strength of experimental designs is that the degree of control helps eliminate rival explanations for the changes observed.

Describe the effect of random assignment of participants to treatment groups.

Explain the advantages researchers accrue when they conduct experiments in lab environments.

Using an example, describe an appropriate use of a descriptive research design.

Experimental research:

In experimental research designs, participants in the control group never receive any form of treatment of the independent variable.

Match the following terms and the descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more thanonce. -the terms presictor variable and criterion variable and dependent for the terms independent variable and dependent variable, respectivly.

Using sex as the independent variable, explain why some researchers question the reliability of relying on natural variation of the independent variable in quasi-experimental designs.

Introduction to Communication Research

The Research Process: Getting Started

Research Ethics

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Measurement

Populations, Samples, and Sample Size

Surveys and Questionnaires

Descriptive Statistics, Significance Levels, and Hypothesis Testing

Testing for Differences

Testing for Relationships

Quantitative Analysis of Text

Reading and Writing the Quantitative Research Report

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Designing Qualitative Research

Qualitative Methods of Data Collection

Analyzing Qualitative Data

Reading and Writing the Qualitative Research Report

Filters

Exam 7: Quantitative Research Designs

Only the classical form of experimentation is susceptible to researcher influence and procedural bias.

Selecting a random sample is the same as randomly assigning individuals to treatment and control groups.

Describe the difference between a main effect and an interaction effect.

A manipulation check verifies that participants regarded the independent variable in the various ways that the researcher intended.

Match the following terms and descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more than once. -two or more independent variables atr tested for the ifluence o the dependent variable.

Some control is lost when an experiment moves from the lab to the field. Thus, field experiments are considered quasi-experiments rather than experiments.

Explain the effects on a study's results if the manipulation check demonstrates that participants did not view the different treatments of the independent variable in the way intended.

Researchers can influence the results of any experimental design by:

The underlying principle of random assignment of participants to treatment groups is that any differences among individuals before the treatment are minimized by the random assignment.

A research protocol:

Experimental research designs must have a temporal component.

Match the following terms and descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more than once. -can test for an interaction effect

The strength of experimental designs is that the degree of control helps eliminate rival explanations for the changes observed.

Describe the effect of random assignment of participants to treatment groups.

Explain the advantages researchers accrue when they conduct experiments in lab environments.

Using an example, describe an appropriate use of a descriptive research design.

Experimental research:

In experimental research designs, participants in the control group never receive any form of treatment of the independent variable.

Match the following terms and the descriptions of research designs. Some responses can be used more thanonce. -the terms presictor variable and criterion variable and dependent for the terms independent variable and dependent variable, respectivly.

Using sex as the independent variable, explain why some researchers question the reliability of relying on natural variation of the independent variable in quasi-experimental designs.

Introduction to Communication Research

The Research Process: Getting Started

Research Ethics

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Measurement

Populations, Samples, and Sample Size

Surveys and Questionnaires

Descriptive Statistics, Significance Levels, and Hypothesis Testing

Testing for Differences

Testing for Relationships

Quantitative Analysis of Text

Reading and Writing the Quantitative Research Report

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Designing Qualitative Research

Qualitative Methods of Data Collection

Analyzing Qualitative Data

Reading and Writing the Qualitative Research Report

Filters