Deck 5: Measurement

Question 1

Measurement is:

A) the same as evaluation.
B) identifying variables as independent or dependent.
C) collecting data through a questionnaire, or counting the number of instances a particular event occurs.
D) the same as interpretation.
E) everything the researcher does to arrive at the numerical estimate.

Answer 1

everything the researcher does to arrive at the numerical estimate.

Question 2

Measurement allows researchers to make comparisons among:

A) individuals in the research project.
B) multiple studies using the same measurement device.
C) variables in one study.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.

Answer 2

all of the above.

Question 3

A variable measured with discrete data means that the data identify participants as belonging to

A) one of at least two categories of the same variable.
B) one of several categories of multiple variables.
C) some position on a continuum of scores.
D) a ranked position as compared to other participants.
E) some position on a continuum of scores, including zero.

Answer 3

one of at least two categories of the same variable.

Question 4

Continuous level data:

A) reflect differing degrees, amounts, or frequencies.
B) range from some minimum to maximum quantity.
C) reflect different categories of a variable.
D) are only produced from participants' answers to items on a questionnaire.
E) a and b

Question 5

A Likert-type scale:

A) is a discrete measurement.
B) has a True zero.
C) distinguishes which element is highest, next highest, and so on.
D) has a response set which must be balanced at the ends of the continuum.
E) any measurement that uses numbers as the response.

Question 6

A semantic differential scale:

A) asks participants to locate the meaning they ascribe to a stimulus.
B) is a form of continuous level measurement.
C) is anchored by two opposite or bipolar adjectives.
D) does not include descriptors for the intermediate positions.
E) all of the above.

Question 7

A threat to validity or reliability is:

A) any data-related problem that could lead you to draw a False conclusion from the data.
B) not really an issue if you're not going to publish your research.
C) generated by research participants only.
D) generated by researchers only.
E) generated only when participants drop out of a study that collects data over a long period of time.

Question 8

Match the following terms and the descriptions of data types. Some responses can be used more than once.

-ranking of preferences foe political candidates.

A) discrete data
B) interval data
C) ordinal data
D) ratio data

Question 9

Match the following terms and the descriptions of data types. Some responses can be used more than once.

-score on communication completence questionnaire.

A) discrete data
B) interval data
C) ordinal data
D) ratio data

Question 10

Match the following terms and the descriptions of data types. Some responses can be used more than once.

-sex.

A) discrete data
B) interval data
C) ordinal data
D) ratio data

Question 11

Match the following terms and the descriptions of data types. Some responses can be used more than once.

-employmemt status

A) discrete data
B) interval data
C) ordinal data
D) ratio data

Question 12

Match the following terms and the descriptions of data types. Some responses can be used more than once.

-ranking of television markets

A) discrete data
B) interval data
C) ordinal data
D) ratio data

Question 13

Match the following terms and the descriptions of data types. Some responses can be used more than once.

-number of times the audience asks a speaker questions.

A) discrete data
B) interval data
C) ordinal data
D) ratio data

Question 14

Match the following terms and the descriptions. Some responses can be used more than once.

-measure what you want to measure and not something else.

A) constuct validity
B) content validity
C) criterion-related validity
D) face validity
E) internal reliability
F) internal validity
G) reliability
H) split-half reliability
I) test-retest reliability
J) validity

Question 15

Match the following terms and the descriptions. Some responses can be used more than once.

-degree of similarity in measurements captured at different points in time.

A) constuct validity
B) content validity
C) criterion-related validity
D) face validity
E) internal reliability
F) internal validity
G) reliability
H) split-half reliability
I) test-retest reliability
J) validity

Question 16

Match the following terms and the descriptions. Some responses can be used more than once.

-the relationship between the concept being measured and the process of measuring it.

A) constuct validity
B) content validity
C) criterion-related validity
D) face validity
E) internal reliability
F) internal validity
G) reliability
H) split-half reliability
I) test-retest reliability
J) validity

Question 17

Match the following terms and the descriptions. Some responses can be used more than once.

-measuring the core concept the was intended to be measured and not something else.

A) constuct validity
B) content validity
C) criterion-related validity
D) face validity
E) internal reliability
F) internal validity
G) reliability
H) split-half reliability
I) test-retest reliability
J) validity

Question 18

Match the following terms and the descriptions. Some responses can be used more than once.

-reflects differences among individuals; scores

A) constuct validity
B) content validity
C) criterion-related validity
D) face validity
E) internal reliability
F) internal validity
G) reliability
H) split-half reliability
I) test-retest reliability
J) validity

Question 19

Match the following terms and the descriptions. Some responses can be used more than once.

-just by looking at the measuring device we belive it will measure what is supposed to measure.

A) constuct validity
B) content validity
C) criterion-related validity
D) face validity
E) internal reliability
F) internal validity
G) reliability
H) split-half reliability
I) test-retest reliability
J) validity

Question 20

Match the following terms and the descriptions. Some responses can be used more than once.

-achieved when one measuremet can be linked to some other external measure.

A) constuct validity
B) content validity
C) criterion-related validity
D) face validity
E) internal reliability
F) internal validity
G) reliability
H) split-half reliability
I) test-retest reliability
J) validity

Question 21

Match the following terms and the descriptions. Some responses can be used more than once.

-a reliability coefficient indicated=s the degree to which this concept occurred.

A) constuct validity
B) content validity
C) criterion-related validity
D) face validity
E) internal reliability
F) internal validity
G) reliability
H) split-half reliability
I) test-retest reliability
J) validity

Question 22

Match the following terms and the descriptions. Some responses can be used more than once.

-easiest type of validity to establish.

A) constuct validity
B) content validity
C) criterion-related validity
D) face validity
E) internal reliability
F) internal validity
G) reliability
H) split-half reliability
I) test-retest reliability
J) validity

Question 23

Match the following terms and the descriptions. Some responses can be used more than once.

-degree to which the measuring device represents the full range of characteristics associated with the construct of interest.

A) constuct validity
B) content validity
C) criterion-related validity
D) face validity
E) internal reliability
F) internal validity
G) reliability
H) split-half reliability
I) test-retest reliability
J) validity

Question 24

Match the following terms and the descriptions. Some responses can be used more than once.

-the measurement is stable, trustworthy, or dependable.

A) constuct validity
B) content validity
C) criterion-related validity
D) face validity
E) internal reliability
F) internal validity
G) reliability
H) split-half reliability
I) test-retest reliability
J) validity

Question 25

Match the following terms and the descriptions. Some responses can be used more than once.

-the degree to which muntiple items invoke the same response from the participant.

A) constuct validity
B) content validity
C) criterion-related validity
D) face validity
E) internal reliability
F) internal validity
G) reliability
H) split-half reliability
I) test-retest reliability
J) validity

Question 26

Match the following terms and the descriptions. Some responses can be used more than once.

-using half of the measuring items for one measurement; the other half at another measurement.

A) constuct validity
B) content validity
C) criterion-related validity
D) face validity
E) internal reliability
F) internal validity
G) reliability
H) split-half reliability
I) test-retest reliability
J) validity

Question 27

Match the following terms and these descriptions associated with threats to validity and reliability. Some responses can be used more than once.

-can be threatened when researcher selects participants through convenience.

A) internal validity
B) morality validity
C) maturation
D) external validity
E) ecological validity

Question 28

Match the following terms and these descriptions associated with threats to validity and reliability. Some responses can be used more than once.

-can be threatened by researcher's influence in participants.

A) internal validity
B) morality validity
C) maturation
D) external validity
E) ecological validity

Question 29

Match the following terms and these descriptions associated with threats to validity and reliability. Some responses can be used more than once.

-participants change over time.

A) internal validity
B) morality validity
C) maturation
D) external validity
E) ecological validity

Question 30

Match the following terms and these descriptions associated with threats to validity and reliability. Some responses can be used more than once.

-can be threatened when researchers used qustionnaires that atr dated.

A) internal validity
B) morality validity
C) maturation
D) external validity
E) ecological validity

Question 31

Match the following terms and these descriptions associated with threats to validity and reliability. Some responses can be used more than once.

-participants drop out of study that occures over long time period.

A) internal validity
B) morality validity
C) maturation
D) external validity
E) ecological validity

Question 32

Match the following terms and these descriptions associated with threats to validity and reliability. Some responses can be used more than once.

-particulary problematic when ewsearcher uses university students as participants to generalize results to other populations and samples.

A) internal validity
B) morality validity
C) maturation
D) external validity
E) ecological validity

Question 33

Discrete data are sometimes referred to as nominal data or categorical data.

Question 34

Discrete data reflect amounts of the variable.

Question 35

Generally, reliability can be improved.

Question 36

In practice, perfect reliability is easily achieved.

Question 37

Measurements must be both valid and reliable.

Question 38

A measurement can be reliable, but not valid.

Question 39

The quality of data interpretation cannot be better than the quality of data collected.

Question 40

Explain the difference between discrete and continuous data and give examples of both.

Question 41

Define and give examples of the three criteria the categories of discrete data must meet.

Question 42

Describe the essential elements of a Likert-type scale. Give an example.
Explain the types of error and bias that can affect the internal reliability of a questionnaire.

Question 43

Explain the relationship between validity and reliability.