Deck 12: School Desegregation

Question 1

Racial segregation sanctioned by law persisted in the United States until:

A) Late 1940's
B) 1950's and 1960's
C) Early 1970's
D) Mid 970's

Answer 1

1950's and 1960's

Question 2

The principle of separate but equal was viewed as acceptable by:

A) Plessy v. Ferguson
B) Brown v. Board of Education
C) School Boards
D) Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg

Answer 2

Plessy v. Ferguson

Question 3

The landmark Brown v. Board of Education case was pivotal in:

A) Striking down the principle of separate but equal
B) Ending de facto segregation
C) Providing equal protection under the laws for minority students
D) Guaranteeing student success for all races

Answer 3

Striking down the principle of separate but equal

Question 4

Based on the conclusion in the Brown ruling, segregation based on law:

A) Deprived them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racially integrated school system
B) Retarded the mental development of Negro children
C) Retarded the educational development of Negro children
D) Deprived them of a public school education

Question 5

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown II that:

A) Proper implementation of Brown I was needed
B) School authorities should not be delegated the primary responsibility for implementing its ruling in good faith and with all deliberate speed
C) School authorities did not need to focus on issues relating to administration, personnel and other issues that may emerge
D) School authorities should have sufficient time to implement the court's decision

Question 6

Which of the following cases is considered to be a leading case in defining the scope of duty to eliminate de jure segregation?

A) Brown II
B) Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
C) Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg
D) Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education

Question 7

Which of the following was not considered a useful tool in alleviating segregated schools:

A) Gerrymandering
B) Zoning
C) Free transfer
D) Pairing, clustering, and grouping of non-contiguous school zones

Question 8

Historically, courts have viewed busing as:

A) An effective means of achieving desegregation
B) A threat to the neighborhood school concept
C) Too expensive for school districts and too time consuming for students
D) Too time consuming for students

Question 9

Busing has been:

A) Imposed by the courts to remedy segregated schools
B) Imposed by legislation to remedy segregated schools
C) Viewed as an affirmative effort to correct inequities as a result of post discrimination
D) All of the above

Question 10

Courts have viewed the following as ineffective ways to achieve desegregation:

A) Freedom of choice plans
B) Free transfer
C) Busing
D) A and B

Question 11

What element below is associated with de jure segregation?

A) It has been initiated or supported by governmental action
B) Its intent is to foster discrimination
C) Its actions must not increase segregation
D) A and B

Question 12

De facto segregation is characterized by the following:

A) A substantial number of students enrolled in a school represent a racial or ethnic minority
B) The situation developed through actions of the school board
C) School officials gerrymandered school attendance zones to create zones with large concentrations of black students assigned to historically black schools within the district
D) Deliberate efforts were made to create segregated schools

Question 13

The issue of faculty desegregation surfaced in:

A) 1960's
B) Early 1970's
C) 1950's
D) Late 1950's

Question 14

Faculty desegregation was compromised by the fact that it:

A) Was not addressed during the height of school desegregation
B) Did not have a test to apply in achieving a desegregated faculty
C) Created difficulties for the courts to fashion remedies without creating delays
D) All of the above

Question 15

Unitary status occurs when:

A) School districts have made and documented good faith efforts to achieve desegregated schools
B) School districts have unified the community around its sincerity to achieve desegregated schools
C) The courts find that the school district had no discriminatory intent
D) The school district has a court approved desegregation plan.

Question 16

The U.S. Supreme Court held that "separate but equal" was not illegal in Plessy v. Ferguson.

Question 17

The U.S. Supreme Court held that "separate but equal" is inherently unequal in Brown v. Board of Education.

Question 18

Brown I effectively banned de facto segregation.

Question 19

The Brown II decision was made to ensure proper implementation of Brown I.

Question 20

Racial segregation in public schools was held to be unconstitutional in 1954.

Question 21

The Swann case was a leading case in defining the scope of duty to eliminate de facto segregation.

Question 22

Gerrymandering school districts' attendance zones may be useful and acceptable if it alleviates segregated schools.

Question 23

The courts do not view busing as an effective means of achieving desegregated schools.

Question 24

Freedom of choice plans were used by many districts to avoid desegregation.

Question 25

School districts are generally required to take cautious action where racial imbalances develop as a result of housing patterns.

Question 26

A student assignment plan is acceptable by the courts if it appears to be neutral in school desegregation cases.

Question 27

De facto segregation is illegal and unconstitutional.

Question 28

De facto segregation occurs through action taken by a school district to encourage segregation.

Question 29

The courts can mandate a remedy for de jure segregation but not for de facto segregation.

Question 30

Unitary status may be achieved when school districts have made a good faith effort to achieve desegregation.
Short

Question 31

Discuss the Freedom of Choice concept and the courts' reaction to such plans.

Question 32

Discuss the impact of Green v. Board of Education on freedom of choice issues.

Question 33

Discuss possible remedies to challenges faced by Latino students who face language barriers that result in achievement deficits.

Question 34

Provide an overview of the desegregation movement in the United States. In your response, discuss the following:
a. De Facto Segregation
b. De Jure Segregation
c. Implications of the Brown Case
d. Unitary Status
e. Busing and quotas

Question 35

What is your view regarding the future status of desegregation in this country?

Question 36

Discuss the Freeman v. Pitts case and its significance in addressing Unitary Status. (page 345)