Deck 8: Juvenile Probation

Question 1

Probation refers to the ________.

A) control of the state or in a local administration
B) umbrella agency responsible for the juvenile justice system
C) status of an offender released from confinement
D) status of an adjudicated offender

Answer 1

status of an adjudicated offender

Question 2

Probation is considered a desirable alternative to institutionalization because ________.

A) it costs less than incarceration
B) it eliminates the offender's normal community contacts
C) it enhances the impact of confinement
D) it takes away the liberty from the offenders

Answer 2

it costs less than incarceration

Question 3

Which is a basic function of probation services?

A) bail
B) investigation
C) fingerprinting
D) sentencing

Answer 3

investigation

Question 4

Which basic function of probation focuses primarily on risk control and crime reduction?

A) investigation
B) court reporting
C) supervision
D) intake

Question 5

What does a probation officer include in a social study report?

A) information about the minor's background
B) the training school in which a youthful offender should be institutionalized
C) whether the youth is a delinquent
D) the diagnoses and treatment plan for the youth

Question 6

Risk/needs assessment tools ________.

A) help to deter criminal behavior
B) reveal gender differences in individual studies
C) predict juveniles' behaviors
D) identify problems that offenders might have

Question 7

Which member of the court work team directs volunteer case aides?

A) Juvenile Probation Officer
B) Juvenile Team Captain
C) Youth Facilitator
D) Courtroom Bailiff

Question 8

Which of the following creates a problem for probation officers?

A) feeding their ego
B) the nearly opposite roles of law enforcement and treatment
C) making diagnostic recommendations
D) utilizing community resources

Question 9

When juveniles are facilitated in finding jobs so they can pay back the victims, they are participating in a ________ program.

A) compensation
B) treatment
C) restitution
D) surveillance

Question 10

Which of the following is one of the primary goals of restitution programs?

A) use as a response to the emerging issues of prison crowding
B) hold parents accountable for their children's offenses
C) reimburse victims at state expense
D) hold juveniles accountable for their offenses

Question 11

Intensive Probation Supervision Programs ________.

A) are targeted at juvenile offenders
B) emphasize internal control over probationers
C) involve increased contact with probationers
D) are targeted at first-time offenders

Question 12

In Hennepin County, Minnesota, first-time offenders are often sentenced to ________.

A) intense probation
B) thirty days in detention
C) kitchen detail in detention
D) forty hours of community service

Question 13

________ is a program of intermediate punishment whereby youths are ordered to remain confined in their residences.

A) Solitary confinement
B) Clinical confinement
C) House arrest
D) Restitution

Question 14

What can electric monitoring equipment do?

A) Alert a victim if the offender is approaching his or her residence.
B) Work as a Taser.
C) Tell the probation officer what the offender is currently eating.
D) Work as a polygraph machine.

Question 15

________ is the standard that most juvenile judges adhere to at the probation revocation hearing.

A) Wisconsin system
B) Reasonable efforts
C) Restorative justice model
D) Balanced approach

Question 16

The Gagnon and Scarpelli case granted juveniles the right to have ________.

A) a right to a days notification before the probation revocation hearing
B) a report of their activities after the hearing
C) an attorney present at the probation revocation hearing
D) an attorney at the initial hearing

Question 17

The "reasonable efforts" doctrine calls for probation officers to ________.

A) contact the offender's parents before the initial hearing
B) notify the offender of the probation revocation hearing
C) provide different services and programs to offenders on probation
D) contact victims to guarantee their participation in all probation proceedings

Question 18

Which of the following is a conclusion of the Douglas Lipton and colleagues' work review on the study of adult and juvenile probation?

A) Intensive probation supervision is correlates with higher recidivism rates for youths under age eighteen.
B) Juvenile probation practices are the same, and consistently successful, across the nation.
C) A large proportion of offenders now incarcerated could be placed on probation without any change in the recidivism rates.
D) Probationers have a significantly higher violation rate than detained prisoners.

Question 19

A successful probation practice will do all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) establish a system of graduated sanctions
B) make penalties harsh in order to reduce recidivism
C) use risk and needs assessments
D) keep supervision caseloads manageable

Question 20

Which of the following is a positive possibility to improve the effectiveness of juvenile probation?

A) to implement as much as possible the successful probation practices in adult probation
B) to prioritize intensive rehabilitation services
C) to establish a system of graduated sanctions
D) to reduce recidivism and increase outcomes of restitution programs

Question 21

The basic goal of probation is to process offenders into juvenile court.

Question 22

Probation is under the control of the local juvenile court in most states.

Question 23

The primary purpose of intake is to assign youths to community programs.

Question 24

Under the Wisconsin system, a risk/needs assessment is conducted for each probationer at regular intervals.

Question 25

Risks/needs assessment occurs once-just before youths are released from institutions.

Question 26

It is very easy to predict juvenile behavior.

Question 27

Restitution involves the government reimbursing victims for their pain and suffering.

Question 28

By 1985, formal restitution programs were known to exist in more than four hundred jurisdictions.

Question 29

The use of volunteers has become one of the most valuable ways to help offenders adjust to community life.

Question 30

Volunteers largely disappeared at the beginning of the twentieth century.

Question 31

An integrated Social Control model of intensive supervision recently has been developed to address recidivism.

Question 32

The Integrated Social Control model integrates the central components of strain, control, and social learning theories.

Question 33

Global positioning systems are now used in intensive supervision programs.

Question 34

A goal of electronic monitoring is to increase the number of juveniles safely released into existing home confinement programs.

Question 35

The U.S. Supreme Court held in Mempa v. Rhay that the right to counsel applies to the sentencing hearing.

Question 36

Gagnon v. Scarpelli involved an offender whose probation was revoked in Wisconsin without a hearing.

Question 37

A major problem in evaluating the effectiveness of probation today is that probation has changed so much since the early evaluation studies.

Question 38

Evidence exists that a large proportion of offenders now incarcerated could be placed on probation without any change in the recidivism rates.

Question 39

________ is a judicial disposition under which youthful offenders are subject to certain conditions imposed by the juvenile court.

Question 40

One of the most persuasive arguments for ________ administration of probation is that citizens and agencies in the community more readily support programs that are open to their participation.

Question 41

The ________ stage is when the probation officer carefully screens the referrals to the court.

Question 42

________ is initiated when the judge places a youth on probation.

Question 43

A ________ study report is ordered by the judge when a youth is found delinquent at the fact-finding stage of the court proceedings.

Question 44

Once problem areas are identified using a risk assessment tool, youths are then given ________ tools to develop protocols for treatment.

Question 45

Youths earning money and paying back victims is called ________.

Question 46

When it comes to making restitution and community service work, ________ officers are key players.

Question 47

Probation officers are human and have ________ needs and want to feel important.

Question 48

Juvenile courts have instituted job skills preparation classes to help juveniles with ordered ________ to find and hold jobs.

Question 49

Low integration and commitment are examples of ________ bonds.

Question 50

Juvenile Court Judges' Commission in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania developed ISPs in the 1980s because of its concern with increased commitments to ________ schools.

Question 51

Electronic ________ is often used to enforce house arrest.

Question 52

In ________ programs, youths individually or in a group are assigned people to help them, especially with schoolwork.

Question 53

The United States Supreme Court ruled in the ________ v. Scarpelli case that juveniles have the right to counsel to probation revocation hearings.

Question 54

The Court held in the Mempa case that the Sixth Amendment's right to counsel applies to the ________ hearing

Question 55

One of the key strategies for effectively intervening and interrupting the cycle of reoffending is to establish a system of graduated ________.

Question 56

The risk reduction programs, such as restitution, intensive supervision, and house arrest, are still in the early stages of ________.

Question 57

Match each term with its description.

-Intake stage

A) PO supervises juveniles placed on probation
B) PO participates in release or detention decisions
C) PO assists court in dispositional decisions
D) PO screens complaints to decide on possible actions

Question 58

Match each term with its description.

-Predisposition stage

A) PO supervises juveniles placed on probation
B) PO participates in release or detention decisions
C) PO assists court in dispositional decisions
D) PO screens complaints to decide on possible actions

Question 59

Match each term with its description.

-Postadjudication stage

A) PO supervises juveniles placed on probation
B) PO participates in release or detention decisions
C) PO assists court in dispositional decisions
D) PO screens complaints to decide on possible actions

Question 60

Match each term with its description.

-Postdisposition stage

A) PO supervises juveniles placed on probation
B) PO participates in release or detention decisions
C) PO assists court in dispositional decisions
D) PO screens complaints to decide on possible actions

Question 61

Match each term with its description.

-New York

A) Reimbursed up to 50% of its operating costs for probation services
B) Developed a probation subsidy program
C) Has a system of risk/needs assessments for probationers at regular intervals
D) Closed training schools in 2010

Question 62

Match each term with its description.

-Nevada

A) Reimbursed up to 50% of its operating costs for probation services
B) Developed a probation subsidy program
C) Has a system of risk/needs assessments for probationers at regular intervals
D) Closed training schools in 2011

Question 63

Match each term with its description.

-Wisconsin

A) Reimbursed up to 50% of its operating costs for probation services
B) Developed a probation subsidy program
C) Has a system of risk/needs assessments for probationers at regular intervals
D) Closed training schools in 2012

Question 64

Match each term with its description.

-California

A) Reimbursed up to 50% of its operating costs for probation services
B) Developed a probation subsidy program
C) Has a system of risk/needs assessments for probationers at regular intervals
D) Closed training schools in 2013

Question 65

Match each term with its description.

-1980s

A) Since then, five studies sought to identify impact of caseloads on recidivism
B) California closed training schools
C) Accountability models for supervising probationers began to be formulated
D) Since then, Washington legislature has been funding evidence-based programs

Question 66

Match each term with its description.

-1970s

A) Since then, five studies sought to identify impact of caseloads on recidivism
B) California closed training schools
C) Accountability models for supervising probationers began to be formulated
D) Since then, Washington legislature has been funding evidence-based programs

Question 67

Match each term with its description.

-2010

A) Since then, five studies sought to identify impact of caseloads on recidivism
B) California closed training schools
C) Accountability models for supervising probationers began to be formulated
D) Since then, Washington legislature has been funding evidence-based programs

Question 68

Match each term with its description.

-1999

A) Since then, five studies sought to identify impact of caseloads on recidivism
B) California closed training schools
C) Accountability models for supervising probationers began to be formulated
D) Since then, Washington legislature has been funding evidence-based programs

Question 69

Describe the different ways the word "probation"
is used in the juvenile justice system.

Question 70

Explain the risk scale and needs assessment of the Wisconsin system.

Question 71

What evidence exists to conclude that probation is effective?

Question 72

Scenario: A juvenile judge in Minnesota needs to sentence a 15-year-old runaway female who has a drug problem and three prior prostitution arrests.
What would be the best program to place her in?

Question 73

Of these two following choices, which youth would be the most likely to reoffend if released into the community? Explain.
1) A 15-year-old male released on probation with intense supervision.
2) An 18-year-old male released on parole.