Deck 12: Motivating Employees

Question 1

Hygiene factors are the same as dissatisfiers and include company policies and procedures.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The idea that failure to meet a high-order need may cause a regression to an already satisfied lower-order need was put forth by Maslow.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Content theories concern the thought processes that influence behavior.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Rewards given by another person are intrinsic rewards.

Question 5

Physiological needs are the most basic human physical needs,which are reflected in the workplace as needs for adequate heat,air,and base salary to ensure survival.

Question 6

Three categories of motivation theories are content theories,process theories,and reinforcement theories.

Question 7

The arousal,direction,and persistence of behavior refers to motivation.

Question 8

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,food,water,and freedom from violence are examples of physiological needs.

Question 9

Employee motivation affects productivity,and part of a manager's job is to channel motivation toward the accomplishment of organizational goals.

Question 10

Esteem needs are those needs that relate to the desire for a positive self-image and to receive attention,recognition,and appreciation from others.

Question 11

Many companies are finding that creating a humane work environment that allows people to achieve a balance between work and personal life is also a great high-level motivator.

Question 12

The implication of the two-factor theory for managers is clear.Providing hygiene factors will eliminate employee dissatisfaction but will not motivate workers to high achievement levels.

Question 13

Hygiene factors are the same as satisfiers and are based on fulfillment of higher level needs including responsibility.

Question 14

Extrinsic rewards refers to the satisfaction a person receives in the process of performing a particular action.

Question 15

External and relatedness are the first two groups of needs in Alderfer's ERG theory.

Question 16

Process theories emphasize the needs that motivate people.

Question 17

The highest level of need in Maslow's hierarchy of need theory is the need for growth and self-expression.

Question 18

Factors that influence job satisfaction based on fulfillment of high-level needs such as achievement,recognition,and opportunity for growth are called motivators.

Question 19

Two ways to classify rewards are extrinsic and monetary.

Question 20

Herzberg's two-factor theory divides work-related needs into two categories: hygiene factors and reward factors.

Question 21

Goal acceptance,in goal-setting theory,means that employees have to "buy into" the goals and be committed to them.

Question 22

Behavior that is positively reinforced tends to be repeated,and behavior that is not reinforced tends not to be repeated,as stated in the Law of Effect.

Question 23

The imposition of unpleasant outcomes on an employee is avoidance learning.

Question 24

The equality theory is a process theory that focuses on individuals' perception of how fairly they are treated in comparison to other people.

Question 25

Motivation increases,according to the expectancy theory,when the worker believes that the successful performance will result by putting effort into a given task.This is called E-P expectancy.

Question 26

A need for affiliation is the desire to accomplish something difficult,attain a high standard of success,master complex tasks,and surpass others.

Question 27

The equity theory focuses on individual's perceptions of how fairly they are treated relative to others.

Question 28

The group of theories that explain how employees meet their needs and determine their success are called process theories.

Question 29

The expectancy theory is a motivation theory based on the relationship between a given behavior and its consequences.

Question 30

A need for power,a need for accomplishment,and a need for superior power is proposed by David McClelland's acquired needs theory.

Question 31

The administration of a pleasant and rewarding consequence following a desired behavior is positive reinforcement.

Question 32

Expectancy theory is based on the relationship among the individual's effort and performance and not on the desirability of outcomes.

Question 33

Goal-setting theory proposes that managers can increase motivation by setting specific,challenging goals that are accepted as valid by subordinates,then helping people track their progress toward goal achievement by providing timely feedback.

Question 34

Goal specificity,in goal-setting theory,refers to the difficulty level of goals.

Question 35

The expectancy theory attempts to define specific types of needs or rewards to establish that they exist and may be similar to other individuals.

Question 36

Valence is the perceived value of a reward or outcome.

Question 37

Punishment is the imposition of an unpleasant outcome following undesirable behavior.

Question 38

Punishment increases the likelihood that behavior will be repeated.

Question 39

The equity theory,by J.Stacy Adams,states that equity exists when the ratio of outcomes to inputs for one person is equal to the same ratio for another person.

Question 40

A high need for power often is associated with successful attainment of top levels in the organizational hierarchy.

Question 41

Employee engagement means that people enjoy their jobs and are satisfied with their work conditions,contribute enthusiastically to meeting team and organizational goals,and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization.

Question 42

Job enlargement is a job design that incorporates achievement,recognition,and other high-level motivators into the work.

Question 43

Job rotation systematically moves employees from one job to another,thereby increasing the number of different tasks an employee performs without increasing the complexity of any one job.

Question 44

A recent study indicates that the link between intrinsic characteristics and job motivation and satisfaction is stronger in economically disadvantaged countries and high power distance countries.

Question 45

Engaged employees are controlled and coerced in the workplace until they grow into contributable employees.

Question 46

Extinction is defined as the withdrawal of positive reward.

Question 47

Skill variety,task identity,and task significance tend to influence the employee's psychological state of experienced meaningfulness of work.

Question 48

Organizations that empower employees often reward them based on the results shown in the company's bottom line.

Question 49

The degree to which the job is perceived as important and having an impact on the company or customers refers to task significance.

Question 50

Gain sharing rewards employees with part ownership of the organization based on achieving performance goals.

Question 51

According to SPOTLIGHT ON SKILLS in Chapter 12,a criticism of carrot-and-stick approaches is that extrinsic rewards assume people are driven by higher-level needs.

Question 52

The job characteristic of autonomy influences the worker's experiencing meaningfulness of work.

Question 53

The acquired needs theory proposes that certain types of needs are acquired during the individual's lifetime.

Question 54

The altering of jobs to increase both the quality of employees' work experience and their productivity is called reorganization.

Question 55

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory proposes that people are motivated by multiple needs and that these needs exist in a hierarchical order.

Question 56

Freedom from violence in the workplace is an example of physiological needs on the hierarchy of needs spectrum.

Question 57

Research suggests that if people artificially increase the status attached to their jobs,they are still unlikely to change their perceptions of equity.

Question 58

Job enlargement combines a series of tasks into one new,broader job.

Question 59

Because the ERG model proposes that workers cannot revert back to lower-level needs from time to time,this model is more rigid than Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Question 60

Empowering employees means giving them four elements that enable them to act more freely to accomplish their jobs: information,knowledge,power,and rewards.

Question 61

Katie dislikes almost everything about her job.The only reason she continues to work at Mace Autobody is the excellent benefits package she receives.Katie is motivated by

A) extrinsic rewards.
B) intrinsic rewards.
C) variable rewards.
D) all of these.
E) none of these.

Question 62

Which of the following theories emphasize the needs that motivate people?

A) Process
B) Reinforcement
C) Content
D) Contingency
E) Situational

Question 63

Social learning theory proposes that an individual's motivation can result not just from direct experience of rewards and punishments but also from the person's thoughts and beliefs and his or her observations of other people's behaviors.

Question 64

Expectancy theory is concerned not with the thinking process that individuals use to achieve rewards but with identifying types of needs.

Question 65

Which of the following is a content theory that proposes that people are motivated by physiological,safety,belongingness,esteem,and self-actualization needs?

A) Reinforcement theory
B) Process theory
C) Situational theory
D) Hierarchy of needs theory
E) Contingency theory

Question 66

Which of the following is the arousal,direction,and persistence of behavior?

A) Commitment
B) Motivation
C) Satisfaction
D) Rewarding behavior
E) Behavior modification

Question 67

The greater the level of skill variety,task variety,and autonomy in a job,the more employees will be motivated and the higher will be performance,quality,and satisfaction.

Question 68

____ describe the most basic human physical needs,including food,water,and oxygen.

A) Self-actualization needs
B) Physiological needs
C) Esteem needs
D) Belongingness needs
E) Safety needs

Question 69

One weakness of the use of punishment in organizations is that it fails to indicate the correct behavior.

Question 70

The implication of equity theory for managers is that employees indeed evaluate the perceived equity of their rewards compared to others'.

Question 71

Which need describes the desire to be accepted by one's peer,have friendships,be part of a group,and be loved?

A) Self-actualization needs
B) Physiological needs
C) Esteem needs
D) Belongingness needs
E) Safety needs

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT a need proposed by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs theory?

A) Safety needs
B) Compensation needs
C) Physiological needs
D) Esteem needs
E) Self-actualization needs

Question 73

____ focus on employee learning of desired work behaviors.

A) Contingency theories
B) Situational theories
C) Content theories
D) Process theories
E) Reinforcement theories

Question 74

____ refers to a reward given by another person.

A) An intrinsic reward
B) An internal reward
C) An extrinsic reward
D) A valued reward
E) A charity

Question 75

Nelson is motivated by a strong need for recognition and is continually seeking credit for his contributions to the organization.According to Maslow,Neil is motivated by which category of needs?

A) Physiological
B) Safety
C) Belongingness
D) Esteem
E) Self-actualization

Question 76

____ is an example of an intrinsic reward.

A) An employee's feelings of self-worth
B) A pat on the back from your boss
C) A pay raise
D) A promotion
E) A bonus

Question 77

Self-control is an individual's belief about his or her abilities to successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome.

Question 78

Self-reinforcement refers to an individual motivating him- or herself by setting goals and ways of reaching them and then providing positive reinforcement to him- or herself when goals are achieved.

Question 79

According to Maslow,the highest order needs are

A) self-actualization needs.
B) physiological needs.
C) esteem needs.
D) belongingness needs.
E) safety needs.

Question 80

Employee empowerment means that people enjoy their jobs and are satisfied with their work conditions,contribute to meeting team and organizational goals,and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization.