Deck 3: Commit Yourself to the Helping Relationship and the Values That Drive It

Question 1

The term "working alliance" refers to which of the following?

A) The national association of counselors, social workers, and psychologists
B) The relationship between the client and the mental health establishment
C) The collaboration between client and helper based on their agreement to counseling goals and tasks
D) The rules of counseling that define the schedule and any fees associated with the helping experience

Answer 1

The collaboration between client and helper based on their agreement to counseling goals and tasks

Question 2

Which of the following is most accurate regarding the collaborative nature of the relationship between the helper and the client?

A) The helper's primary goal is to cure the client.
B) Both the helper and the client have work to do in the problem-management and opportunity-development stages and tasks, and both have responsibilities related to outcomes.
C) The helper must follow the stages and tasks of the helping process so that the client can be guided toward a successful outcome.
D) The client needs to be as expressive and clear about problems as possible.

Answer 2

Both the helper and the client have work to do in the problem-management and opportunity-development stages and tasks, and both have responsibilities related to outcomes.

Question 3

Outcome research indicates that within the helping relationship, ____.

A) the helping experience should be organized around the client's resources, perceptions, experiences, and ideas
B) the helper should regularly make every effort to help the client to see the truth of what is bothering the client
C) helping is most successful when the helper helps the client to face difficult or painful feelings
D) helping immediately exposes how social and cultural pressures have caused serious difficulties for the client

Answer 3

the helping experience should be organized around the client's resources, perceptions, experiences, and ideas

Question 4

Counseling research has found that clients typically begin improving ____.

A) early in the treatment
B) in the middle of the treatment
C) later on in the treatment
D) after finishing the treatment

Question 5

According to Egan, culture can be understood as which of the following?

A) An individual's racial or ethnic background and composition
B) The kinds of music, visual arts, architecture, and literature in which an individual demonstrates the most interest and involvement
C) Shared beliefs and assumptions interacting with shared values to produce shared norms driving shared behavior patterns
D) The ways in which people interact in a society

Question 6

According to Egan, which of the following parts of an individual's personal culture is not defined correctly?

A) Assumptions and beliefs, or what people think about themselves, other people, and the world around them
B) Values, or what people prize in their lives
C) Patterns of internal and external behavior, or the way people live their lives
D) Norms, or what the helper reinforces as what the client should or should not do

Question 7

Which of these is closest to what Egan identifies as his own bias relative to multicultural counseling competencies?

A) The key concept is culture rather than diversity.
B) Ethnic or national culture supersedes personal culture.
C) Diversity in personal culture is the key concept.
D) Diversity is one among many key cultural factors.

Question 8

What is the first rule of helping?

A) Maintain neutrality toward the client.
B) Make sure the client understands the impact of culture on his or her life.
C) Empathy will get the client to talk to you honestly.
D) Do no harm.

Question 9

The extent to which a helper and a client are genuine with one another is referred to as the ____.

A) working alliance
B) genuine relationship
C) working relationship
D) real relationship

Question 10

______________ is a helper's ability to understand the client from his or her point of view, and to communicate this understanding to the client when appropriate.

A) Empowerment
B) Empathy
C) Diversity
D) Working alliance

Question 11

Which of the following does not reflect an aspect of empathy?

A) Empathy is an ability to understand each client from his or her point of view and to communicate this understanding when indicated.
B) Empathy is an understanding of and feeling for the experiences, thoughts, feelings, and actions of individuals in and through the contexts of their lives.
C) Empathy is an ability to bring the client's values in line with the helper's values to achieve therapeutic goals.
D) Empathy is an ability to understand the dissonance between the client's point of view and reality.

Question 12

To help clients become more active agents of their own lives ("doers" rather than "reactors"), the helper should _____________.

A) listen carefully and remain passive so the client can be the more active participant
B) focus on the client's fantasies about what life should be like
C) be active with his or her clients by engaging in dialogue with them
D) take an active role in pointing out everything that gets in the way of the client's success

Question 13

Which of the following is not a diversity and multicultural competency for a helper?

A) Understanding and appreciating diversity in its many forms and categories
B) Helping clients from other countries accept American values to assimilate
C) Identifying and challenging one's own cultural and personal-culture biases
D) Tailoring interventions with clients in ways that are sensitive to diversity

Question 14

Which of the following is not a way to develop multicultural awareness in working with clients from backgrounds different than yours?

A) Becoming more aware of your own culture, including your own biases, to understand and appreciate cultures different from yours better
B) Understanding how all kinds of diversity, cultural and otherwise, contribute to each client's dynamic makeup
C) Creating a list of values that you think your clients need to work on to help them understand mainstream American culture better
D) Realizing that mainstream Western psychological theory, methods of inquiry, diagnostic categories, assessment procedures, and professional practices might not fit other cultures or might need some adaptation

Question 15

A bias toward promoting action with clients is _____________.

A) a normal response that helpers must learn to minimize
B) typically a more problematic bias with anxious helpers
C) an important component in the problem-management process
D) typically effective only for clients who are experiencing depression

Question 16

Which of the following does Egan say is the best way for helpers to encourage clients to develop self-responsibility?

A) Helpers should always do everything that they can to empower their clients.
B) Helpers should help their clients discover, develop, and apply self-efficacy.
C) Helpers should focus primarily on helping rather than on learning or doing.
D) Helpers should accept that their clients cannot change their basic behaviors.

Question 17

Norcross wrote "Remember: The [helping)] relationship is far broader and inclusive than the [working] alliance alone." What is the working alliance and what are its key components? What are the guiding principles for the working alliance? Differentiate the working alliance from the helping relationship and explain the implications of Norcross's comment for counseling.

Question 18

Identify and discuss the three principles Egan suggests for getting therapy off to a good start. What is the importance of each principle and what are the potential consequences of failing to establish each?

Question 19

Discuss how the helping relationship itself can be therapeutic as a forum for social-emotional relearning. How are relearning, modeling, and transfer related to counseling outcomes?

Question 20

What values are inherent in the helping process? Why does Egan refer to them as "tools of the trade?" Define the roles of empathy, culture, multiculturalism, and diversity in the helping relationship. Discuss their key characteristics, identifying how a counselor can actively develop each and how they are related to therapeutic outcomes.

Question 21

What is the role of self-responsibility in counseling? How can counselors help clients build a sense of responsibility, and what pitfalls can arise in helping clients gain a sense of self-empowerment? What are Egan's empowerment-based norms for self-responsibility? What is the role of action and why is it critical?