Deck 6: Probability, Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

Question 1

The _____ hypothesis concludes that the independent variable has no effect, and the _____ hypothesis concludes that the independent variable has an effect.

A) null; alternative
B) alternative; null
C) one-tailed; two-tailed
D) two-tailed; one-tailed

Answer 1

null; alternative

Question 2

A directional hypothesis is also known as a(n) _____ hypothesis, and a nondirectional hypothesis is also known as a(n) _____ hypothesis.

A) null; alternative
B) alternative; null
C) one-tailed; two-tailed
D) two-tailed; one-tailed

Answer 2

one-tailed; two-tailed

Question 3

In decision making, when we make a false alarm, it is similar to a(n) _____ and when we make a miss, it is similar to a(n) _____.

A) Type I error; Type II error
B) Type II error; Type I error
C) null hypothesis; alternative hypothesis
D) alternative hypothesis; null hypothesis

Answer 3

Type I error; Type II error

Question 4

Rejecting H₀ when it shouldn't have been is a _____ error.

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) null
D) one-tailed

Question 5

If researchers report that the results from their study were significant, where p < .05, this means that:

A) they would get the same results fewer than 5 times in 100 if they repeated the study.
B) the results are unreliable.
C) we would expect the results to occur by chance fewer than 95 times out of 100.
D) we would expect the results to occur by chance fewer than 5 times out of 100.

Question 6

An observed difference between two descriptive statistics that is unlikely to have occurred by chance represents:

A) hypothesis testing.
B) statistical significance.
C) a Type II error.
D) a Type I error.

Question 7

When the probability of a Type I error is low, we say we have observed:

A) a Type II error.
B) statistical significance.
C) the null hypothesis.
D) the alternative hypothesis.

Question 8

When we draw conclusions about a population based on data collected from a sample, we are using:

A) the null hypothesis.
B) the alternative hypothesis.
C) inferential statistics.
D) none of the above.

Question 9

Explain when it would be appropriate to use a parametric and a nonparametric test.

Question 10

Which of the following best defines probability?

A) The study of likelihood and uncertainty
B) The number of ways a particular outcome can occur divided by the total number of
Outcomes
C) The process of determining whether a hypothesis is supported by the results of a research
Study
D) Both a and b

Question 11

Given that the mean is 500 and the standard deviation is 100 on one section of the SAT, what is the approximate probability of selecting a student whose score is 400 or lower followed by selecting a student whose score is 600 or higher on the test?

A) .0005
B) .002
C) .026
D) .045

Question 12

Given that the mean is 500 and the standard deviation is 100 on one section of the SAT, what is the approximate probability of selecting a student whose score is 400 or lower followed by selecting a student whose score is 500 or higher on the test?

A) .005
B) .022
C) .045
D) .079