Question 1

Explain when it would be appropriate to use a parametric and a nonparametric test.

Accepted Answer

A parametric test should be used when certain parameters are known ($\mu$ and $\sigma$), the distribution is normal, and the data are interval or ratio. A nonparametric test does not require assumptions about the parameters of the population represented by the sample data ($\mu$ and $\sigma$ are not needed), the underlying distribution is not normal, and the data are most often ordinal or nominal.

Question 2

Which of the following best defines probability?

Accepted Answer

A)  The study of likelihood and uncertainty 
B)  The number of ways a particular outcome can occur divided by the total number of
Outcomes 
C)  The process of determining whether a hypothesis is supported by the results of a research
Study 
D)  Both a and b 
A)  The study of likelihood and uncertainty 
B)  The number of ways a particular outcome can occur divided by the total number of
Outcomes 
C)  The process of determining whether a hypothesis is supported by the results of a research
Study 
D)  Both a and b D

Question 3

Given that the mean is 500 and the standard deviation is 100 on one section of the SAT, what is the approximate probability of selecting a student whose score is 400 or lower followed by selecting a student whose score is 500 or higher on the test?

Accepted Answer

A)  .005 
B)  .022 
C)  .045 
D)  .079 
A)  .005 
B)  .022 
C)  .045 
D)  .079 D

Question 4

When the probability of a Type I error is low, we say we have observed:

Accepted Answer

A)  a Type II error. 
B)  statistical significance. 
C)  the null hypothesis. 
D)  the alternative hypothesis. 
A)  a Type II error. 
B)  statistical significance. 
C)  the null hypothesis. 
D)  the alternative hypothesis.

Question 5

An observed difference between two descriptive statistics that is unlikely to have occurred by chance represents:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothesis testing. 
B)  statistical significance. 
C)  a Type II error. 
D)  a Type I error. 
A)  hypothesis testing. 
B)  statistical significance. 
C)  a Type II error. 
D)  a Type I error.

Question 6

In decision making, when we make a false alarm, it is similar to a(n) _____ and when we make a miss, it is similar to a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I error; Type II error 
B)  Type II error; Type I error 
C)  null hypothesis; alternative hypothesis 
D)  alternative hypothesis; null hypothesis 
A)  Type I error; Type II error 
B)  Type II error; Type I error 
C)  null hypothesis; alternative hypothesis 
D)  alternative hypothesis; null hypothesis

Question 7

The _____ hypothesis concludes that the independent variable has no effect, and the _____ hypothesis concludes that the independent variable has an effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  null; alternative 
B)  alternative; null 
C)  one-tailed; two-tailed 
D)  two-tailed; one-tailed 
A)  null; alternative 
B)  alternative; null 
C)  one-tailed; two-tailed 
D)  two-tailed; one-tailed

Question 8

Rejecting H0 when it shouldn't have been is a _____ error.

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I 
B)  Type II 
C)  null 
D)  one-tailed 
A)  Type I 
B)  Type II 
C)  null 
D)  one-tailed

Question 9

A directional hypothesis is also known as a(n) _____ hypothesis, and a nondirectional hypothesis is also known as a(n) _____ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  null; alternative 
B)  alternative; null 
C)  one-tailed; two-tailed 
D)  two-tailed; one-tailed 
A)  null; alternative 
B)  alternative; null 
C)  one-tailed; two-tailed 
D)  two-tailed; one-tailed

Question 10

If researchers report that the results from their study were significant, where p < .05, this means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  they would get the same results fewer than 5 times in 100 if they repeated the study. 
B)  the results are unreliable. 
C)  we would expect the results to occur by chance fewer than 95 times out of 100. 
D)  we would expect the results to occur by chance fewer than 5 times out of 100. 
A)  they would get the same results fewer than 5 times in 100 if they repeated the study. 
B)  the results are unreliable. 
C)  we would expect the results to occur by chance fewer than 95 times out of 100. 
D)  we would expect the results to occur by chance fewer than 5 times out of 100.

Question 11

When we draw conclusions about a population based on data collected from a sample, we are using:

Accepted Answer

A)  the null hypothesis. 
B)  the alternative hypothesis. 
C)  inferential statistics. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  the null hypothesis. 
B)  the alternative hypothesis. 
C)  inferential statistics. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 12

Given that the mean is 500 and the standard deviation is 100 on one section of the SAT, what is the approximate probability of selecting a student whose score is 400 or lower followed by selecting a student whose score is 600 or higher on the test?

Accepted Answer

A)  .0005 
B)  .002 
C)  .026 
D)  .045 
A)  .0005 
B)  .002 
C)  .026 
D)  .045

Explain when it would be appropriate to use a parametric and a nonparametric test.

Which of the following best defines probability?

Given that the mean is 500 and the standard deviation is 100 on one section of the SAT, what is the approximate probability of selecting a student whose score is 400 or lower followed by selecting a student whose score is 500 or higher on the test?

When the probability of a Type I error is low, we say we have observed:

An observed difference between two descriptive statistics that is unlikely to have occurred by chance represents:

In decision making, when we make a false alarm, it is similar to a(n) _ and when we make a miss, it is similar to a(n) _.

The _ hypothesis concludes that the independent variable has no effect, and the _ hypothesis concludes that the independent variable has an effect.

Rejecting H₀ when it shouldn't have been is a _____ error.

A directional hypothesis is also known as a(n) _ hypothesis, and a nondirectional hypothesis is also known as a(n) _ hypothesis.

If researchers report that the results from their study were significant, where p < .05, this means that:

When we draw conclusions about a population based on data collected from a sample, we are using:

Given that the mean is 500 and the standard deviation is 100 on one section of the SAT, what is the approximate probability of selecting a student whose score is 400 or lower followed by selecting a student whose score is 600 or higher on the test?

Science and Statistics

Organizing Data, Variables and Measurement

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Variation

Standard Scores Z Scores

The Single-Sample Z Test

The Single-Sample T Test

The T Test for Independent Groups Samples

T Test for Correlated Groups Samples

Comparing More Than Two Groups

One-Way Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance Anova

One-Way Repeated Measures Anova

Using Designs With More Than One Independent Variable and Two-Way Between-Subjects Anova

Correlational Research and Correlation Coefficients

Advanced Correlational Techniques: Regression Analysis

Chi-Square Tests

Tests for Ordinal Data

Filters

Exam 6: Probability, Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

Explain when it would be appropriate to use a parametric and a nonparametric test.

Which of the following best defines probability?

Given that the mean is 500 and the standard deviation is 100 on one section of the SAT, what is the approximate probability of selecting a student whose score is 400 or lower followed by selecting a student whose score is 500 or higher on the test?

When the probability of a Type I error is low, we say we have observed:

An observed difference between two descriptive statistics that is unlikely to have occurred by chance represents:

In decision making, when we make a false alarm, it is similar to a(n) _____ and when we make a miss, it is similar to a(n) _____.

The _____ hypothesis concludes that the independent variable has no effect, and the _____ hypothesis concludes that the independent variable has an effect.

Rejecting H0 when it shouldn't have been is a _____ error.

A directional hypothesis is also known as a(n) _____ hypothesis, and a nondirectional hypothesis is also known as a(n) _____ hypothesis.

If researchers report that the results from their study were significant, where p < .05, this means that:

When we draw conclusions about a population based on data collected from a sample, we are using:

Given that the mean is 500 and the standard deviation is 100 on one section of the SAT, what is the approximate probability of selecting a student whose score is 400 or lower followed by selecting a student whose score is 600 or higher on the test?

Science and Statistics

Organizing Data, Variables and Measurement

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Variation

Standard Scores Z Scores

The Single-Sample Z Test

The Single-Sample T Test

The T Test for Independent Groups Samples

T Test for Correlated Groups Samples

Comparing More Than Two Groups

One-Way Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance Anova

One-Way Repeated Measures Anova

Using Designs With More Than One Independent Variable and Two-Way Between-Subjects Anova

Correlational Research and Correlation Coefficients

Advanced Correlational Techniques: Regression Analysis

Chi-Square Tests

Tests for Ordinal Data

Filters

In decision making, when we make a false alarm, it is similar to a(n) _ and when we make a miss, it is similar to a(n) _.

The _ hypothesis concludes that the independent variable has no effect, and the _ hypothesis concludes that the independent variable has an effect.

Rejecting H₀ when it shouldn't have been is a _____ error.

A directional hypothesis is also known as a(n) _ hypothesis, and a nondirectional hypothesis is also known as a(n) _ hypothesis.