Deck 6: Economic Sanctions: Fines, Restitution to Victims, and Community Service

Question 1

______ is a dollar amount that is based on both the severity of the crime and an offender's daily earnings.

A) Tariff fine
B) Day fine
C) Production fine
D) Penalty notice

Answer 1

B

Question 2

______ is a fixed dollar amount applied to every offender for a particular crime regardless of the offender's income level or ability to pay.

A) Tariff Fine
B) Day Fine
C) Production fine
D) Penalty notice

Answer 2

A

Question 3

______ is a process by which offenders are held accountable for the financial losses they have caused to the victims of their crimes.

A) Liability punishment
B) Day fine
C) Restitution
D) Tariff fine

Answer 3

C

Question 4

______ is a court-ordered sanction, often imposed by the judge as a condition of probation, to work a certain number of hours as reparation to the community.

A) Community Service
B) Restitution
C) Day fine
D) Tariff fine

Question 5

Compared to the costs of confinement, economic sanctions______.

A) are substantially cheaper.
B) can be used alone, with incarceration, with probation, or in a combination of each.
C) can be tailored to meet rehabilitative and reparative objectives of restorative justice.
D) All of the Above.

Question 6

A study of the impact of traditional fines on recidivism in Los Angeles, California municipal courts found that offenders who received a fine with probation had______recidivism rates than offenders who received only probation.

A) lower
B) higher
C) the same
D) extremely higher

Question 7

The U.S. Supreme Court case______prohibits imprisonment of indigent offenders in cases where a fine is the only punishment prescribed by statute.

A) Bulger v Ware
B) Williams v Sure
C) Michigan v Williams
D) ^{Tate v}
Short

Question 8

The success of day fine systems in Europe has been measured in terms of______.

A) how much they reduce the number of prison sentences.
B) how much money is collected from the poor.
C) how much money is collected from the rich.
D) how many judges use the system.

Question 9

U.S. experimentation with day fines began in the late 1980s with the______in Richmond County, New York.

A) Albany Court-Fine Project
B) Staten Island Day-Fine Project
C) Rochester Day-Fine Project
D) Riker's Island Day-Fine Project

Question 10

Among persons sentenced for a felony in state courts nationwide in 2006, only____________received a sentence in which a fine, restitution, treatment, or community service was the sole sanction.

A) 4%
B) 14%
C) 24%
D) 34%

Question 11

The amount of______ordered by the judge depends on the victim's crime-related expenses with consideration of the defendant's financial resources.

A) time in jail
B) time on probation
C) restitution
D) fine

Question 12

An offender found guilty of theft is likely to be ordered to pay restitution commensurate with
______.

A) the ability to pay
B) the wealth of the victim
C) the non-insured portion of the property
D) ^{the value of the stolen property}

Question 13

Although the right to receive restitution is widely recognized,______limits the effectiveness of the program within the criminal justice system.

A) the failure of many courts to order restitution
B) few efficient procedures for monitoring, enforcement, collection, and disbursement of restitution payments
C) ^{Both A and B}
D) None of the Above

Question 14

______ is a face-to-face meeting, in the presence of a trained mediator, between the victim of a crime and the person who committed that crime.

A) Victim Offender Mediation (VOM)
B) Victim Remediation (VR)
C) Offender Intervention (OI)
D) Victim-Offender Intervention (VOI)

Question 15

The purpose of______, designed for civil proceedings not probation-revocation hearings, is to determine if a probationer is in contempt of court for nonpayment of restitution.

A) probate court
B) drug court
C) restitution court
D) mental health court

Question 16

______ in Gainesville, Florida, is a restorative justice restitution program administered by the Office of the State Attorney to monitor and enforce restitution imposed on juvenile offenders.

A) Enhanced Collection Program
B) Project Payback
C) OPERA
D) None of the Above

Question 17

According to the Office of Victims, automation enhances the restitution process by
______.

A) reducing the amount of staff time needed to manage and collect restitution.
B) automatically generating letters of reminder or bills to offenders related to restitution and other court-ordered fees.
C) maintaining accurate records of the location of victims and offenders and the status of restitution orders.
D) All of the Above

Question 18

An economic sanction is a court-ordered requirement for persons to pay money or forfeit property.

Question 19

A study of the impact of traditional fines on recidivism in 824 cases in Los Angeles, California, municipal courts found that offenders who received a fine with probation had lower recidivism rates than offenders who received only probation.

Question 20

Fines are a common punishment for a variety of crimes, especially less-serious ones committed by first- time offenders.

Question 21

Offenses that are typically punished by a fine include traffic violations, minor drug possession, and violations of city ordinances.

Question 22

In the United States, over a billion dollars in fines are collected in criminal courts each year.

Question 23

Fines are frequently used in American courts as an alternative to incarceration or probation.

Question 24

The U.S. Supreme Court case Tate v Short prohibits imprisonment of indigent offenders in cases where a fine is the only punishment prescribed by statute.

Question 25

The ability to use fines as an appropriate form of punishment depends to a great extent on the financial resources of the defendant.

Question 26

A prime consideration in fixing the dollar amount of a fine is the offender's ability to pay and assuring that the amount is meaningful enough to achieve maximum deterrence.

Question 27

OPERA is a web-based accounting system to give U.S. Probation and Pretrial staff ready access to offender fine, restitution, and special assessment data.

Question 28

In the Scandinavian countries and elsewhere in Western Europe, day fine systems consider both the severity of the crime and an offender's daily earnings.

Question 29

U.S. experimentation with day fines began in the late 1980s with the Staten Island Day-Fine Project in Richmond County, New York.

Question 30

Despite the encouraging results in Staten Island and other U.S. jurisdictions, day fines have failed to gain widespread support in the United States.

Question 31

Restitution requires that offenders partially or fully compensate victims for any financial losses suffered as a result of the crime.

Question 32

One of the most influential actions during the victims' right movement of the 1980s was the passage of the Victim and Witness Protection Act (VWPA), which required judges to order restitution in criminal cases.

Question 33

A 2006 Bureau of Justice Statistics survey of state courts found that restitution was ordered as an additional penalty in nearly 60% of all court cases.

Question 34

The difficulties associated with ordering restitution is partly due to problems with assessing victims' injuries and losses.

Question 35

Eighty percent of the federal criminal debt is the result of uncollected restitution orders owed to third parties.

Question 36

Studies have shown that receiving restitution influences most victims' levels of satisfaction with the criminal justice system.

Question 37

Victim Offender Mediation (VOM) is a face-to-face meeting, in the presence of a trained mediator, between the victim of a crime and the person who committed that crime.

Question 38

Victim Offender Mediation (VOM) allows the victim and the offender to talk about the facts and their feelings related to the crime.

Question 39

Research has also shown that victims who participate in Victim-offender mediation sessions receive more restitution than nonparticipants.

Question 40

Recent studies have shown that juvenile offenders who participate in Victim-offender mediation(VOM) subsequently commit fewer and less serious offenses than their counterparts in the traditional juvenile justice system.

Question 41

Community service is compulsory unpaid public labor performed by an offender as punishment for a crime.

Question 42

Community service offers several benefits with perhaps its most notable being cost-effectiveness.

Question 43

______ is the contact with anyone other than the offender who can provide information relevant to the supervision of the case.

Question 44

______ is a court-ordered sanction, often imposed by the judge as a condition of probation, to work a certain number of hours as reparation to the community.

Question 45

______ is a dollar amount that is based on both the severity of the crime and an offender's daily earnings.

Question 46

______ is a process by which offenders are held accountable for the financial losses they have caused to the victims of their crimes.

Question 47

______ refers to a written or oral report commonly used at sentencing that describes the impact of the crime on the victim and the victim's family.

Question 48

______ a Detroit singer/entertainer who was convicted of battery and completed community service by stuffing envelopes, moving boxes, and shoveling snow at a children's hospital in

Question 49

______ is a web-based application that provides U.S. Probation and Pretrial Service Officers with real-time access to offenders' fine and restitution payment records.