Exam 6: Economic Sanctions: Fines, Restitution to Victims, and Community Service

______ refers to a written or oral report commonly used at sentencing that describes the impact of the crime on the victim and the victim's family.

______ is a web-based application that provides U.S. Probation and Pretrial Service Officers with real-time access to offenders' fine and restitution payment records.

______ is a fixed dollar amount applied to every offender for a particular crime regardless of the offender's income level or ability to pay.

The difficulties associated with ordering restitution is partly due to problems with assessing victims' injuries and losses.

______ is a dollar amount that is based on both the severity of the crime and an offender's daily earnings.

______ is a process by which offenders are held accountable for the financial losses they have caused to the victims of their crimes.

According to the Office of Victims, automation enhances the restitution process by ______.

The amount of______ordered by the judge depends on the victim's crime-related expenses with consideration of the defendant's financial resources.

The U.S. Supreme Court case______prohibits imprisonment of indigent offenders in cases where a fine is the only punishment prescribed by statute.

Victim Offender Mediation (VOM) is a face-to-face meeting, in the presence of a trained mediator, between the victim of a crime and the person who committed that crime.

Recent studies have shown that juvenile offenders who participate in Victim-offender mediation(VOM) subsequently commit fewer and less serious offenses than their counterparts in the traditional juvenile justice system.

The purpose of______, designed for civil proceedings not probation-revocation hearings, is to determine if a probationer is in contempt of court for nonpayment of restitution.

An offender found guilty of theft is likely to be ordered to pay restitution commensurate with ______.

A study of the impact of traditional fines on recidivism in 824 cases in Los Angeles, California, municipal courts found that offenders who received a fine with probation had lower recidivism rates than offenders who received only probation.

The ability to use fines as an appropriate form of punishment depends to a great extent on the financial resources of the defendant.

Research has also shown that victims who participate in Victim-offender mediation sessions receive more restitution than nonparticipants.

Studies have shown that receiving restitution influences most victims' levels of satisfaction with the criminal justice system.

Offenses that are typically punished by a fine include traffic violations, minor drug possession, and violations of city ordinances.

In the United States, over a billion dollars in fines are collected in criminal courts each year.

Community service offers several benefits with perhaps its most notable being cost-effectiveness.