Deck 13: Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence

Question 1

A recent telephone survey found that ______ percent of girls from 12 to 17 reported that they had suffered from major depression in the preceding six months.

A) 4
B) 14
C) 24
D) 34

Answer 1

14

Question 2

A recent telephone survey of American youth aged 12 to17 found that girls were ______ as likely as boys to suffer from major depression in the 6 months preceding the survey.

A) half
B) just
C) twice
D) five times

Answer 2

twice

Question 3

Many disorders with children are first identified__________.

A) during a yearly check with the child's pediatrician
B) by relatives of the child
C) when the child enters school
D) when the child is found to have trouble making friends

Answer 3

when the child enters school

Question 4

In a research study comparing American and Thai parents' attitudes to children's "overcontrol" and "undercontrol," the Thai parents rated ______ as compared to the American parents.

A) overcontrol as a problem but not undercontrol
B) undercontrol as a problem but not overcontrol
C) both sets of problems as less serious
D) both sets of problems as more serious

Question 5

The most commonly diagnosed psychological problem(s) in children age 6 to 17 ______.

A) are learning disabilities
B) is conduct disorder
C) is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
D) is major depression

Question 6

One in ______ children suffers from a mental disorder severe enough to impair personal development.

A) five
B) ten
C) fifteen
D) twenty

Question 7

______ is a new diagnostic classification in the DSM-5.

A) Neurodevelopment disorders
B) Autism
C) Separation anxiety disorder
D) Major depressive disorder

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Girls are at greater risk for developing Gender Identity Disorder.
B) Girls are at greater risk for developing many childhood problems, ranging from autism to hyperactivity to elimination disorders.
C) In childhood, problems of anxiety and depression affect girls more often than boys.
D) In adolescence, problems of anxiety and depression affect girls more often than boys.

Question 9

Donna Williams, an autistic woman, was taken to a doctor at the age of three because her parents were concerned that she ______.

A) was malnourished
B) would not play with them
C) lacked interest in other children
D) had too many temper tantrums

Question 10

Anxiety and mood disorders become more common among females than males for the first time during ______.

A) childhood
B) adolescence
C) young adulthood
D) middle adulthood

Question 11

Which of the following is true of psychotherapy with children?

A) It is similar in most important aspects to therapy with adults.
B) If treated in an inviting, nonthreatening manner, most children have the ability to sit through a therapy session.
C) Children may not have the verbal skills to express their feelings through speech.
D) Therapy methods must be focus on what the child wants to talk about along with rewards for participating in the session.

Question 12

______ children have problems in forming healthy peer relationships and developing empathy and a sense of conscience.

A) Overprotected
B) Dyslexic
C) Pushed and overly scheduled
D) Physically abused

Question 13

Many children are misdiagnosed when clinicians ________________.

A) fail to take developmental expectations into account
B) fail to take the child's economic background into account
C) limit information-gathering about the child to the parents
D) do not consider the impact of the child's school on how the child behaves

Question 14

In childhood, boys are at ______ risk than girls for developing problems of anxiety and depression.

A) less
B) greater
C) equal
D) unknown

Question 15

Play therapy, in which a child enacts family conflicts through play activities, such as play-acting with dolls or puppets, was developed by ______.

A) psychodynamic therapists
B) behavioral therapists
C) humanistic therapists
D) cognitive therapists

Question 16

______ is classified as a neurodevelopment disorder in the DSM-5.

A) Enuresis
B) Encopresis
C) Separation anxiety disorder
D) Autism spectrum disorder

Question 17

______ are classified as neurodevelopment disorders in the DSM-5.

A) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and pica
B) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
C) Pica and separation anxiety disorder
D) Enuresis and encopresis

Question 18

Boys are more likely than girls to develop which of the following disorders?

A) anorexia nervosa
B) hysteria
C) bulimia nervosa
D) elimination problems

Question 19

The majority of children with mental health disorders ______.

A) are referred to mental health professionals by their teachers
B) are referred to mental health professionals by their pediatricians
C) fail to obtain the treatment that they need
D) have separation anxiety disorder

Question 20

Which childhood behavior problem is least likely to result in treatment?

A) depression
B) stealing
C) setting fires
D) fighting

Question 21

In the previous version of the DSM, ___________ were used to describe distinct disorders within the autism spectrum.

A) Asperger's disorder and childhood disintegrative disorder
B) Asperger's disorder and Tourette's syndrome
C) Tourette's syndrome and Rett's disorder
D) childhood disintegrative disorder and Tourette's syndrome

Question 22

The number of reported cases of autism spectrum disorders has ______ in the past twenty years and _________ since 2007.

A) increased slightly; increased dramatically
B) increased slightly; decreased slightly
C) decreased slightly; increased slightly
D) increased dramatically; increased even more dramatically

Question 23

The term "autism" was introduced by ______.

A) Carl Jung
B) Emil Kraeplin
C) Ivor Lovaas
D) Eugen Bleuler

Question 24

Charlie is an eight-year-old who has not developed friends or relationships, is obsessed with dinosaurs, displays repetitive behaviors, but has normal speech abilities. Charlie is probably
Exhibiting signs of ______.

A) Asperger's disorder
B) Rett's disorder
C) Wilson's disorder
D) Tourette's syndrome

Question 25

A pervasive developmental disorder that involves the loss of previously acquired skills and abnormal functioning following a period of normal development during the first two years of
Life is ______.

A) Rett's disorder
B) Asperger's disorder
C) childhood disintegrative disorder
D) autism

Question 26

Walter is a 13-year-old boy who tortures animals, picks fights with smaller boys, underachieves in school, and talks about committing suicide. His behavior problems suggest
That he may have been ______.

A) adopted
B) physically abused or neglected
C) a victim of fragile X syndrome
D) brain damaged either before or during birth

Question 27

Autistic thinking is the tendency to ______.

A) engage in persistently obsessive thought patterns
B) see oneself as the center of the universe
C) see oneself as being "swallowed up" by the universe
D) engage in abstract thinking patterns that no one else can understand

Question 28

An autism spectrum disorder characterized by social deficits and stereotyped behavior but without the significant language or cognitive delays associated with autism is ______.

A) Rett's disorder
B) intellectual developmental disorder
C) Asperger's disorder
D) childhood disintegrative disorder

Question 29

__________ is defined as a set of behaviors representing persistent deficits in communication and social interactions and restricted or fixated interests and repetitive behaviors.

A) A learning disorder
B) Disruptive behavior disorder
C) Autism spectrum disorder
D) Communication disorder

Question 30

The term "autism" derives from the Greek word meaning ______.

A) self
B) lost
C) inward
D) alone

Question 31

Marty is in middle school. He is an intelligent boy with good language skills. He is fascinated with the local train schedule and likes to make sure that the train arrives and leaves on time
Every day. Marty does not like to play with other children and he has difficulty making eye
Contact with anyone. Marty has diagnostic features of ______.

A) Rett's disorder
B) childhood disintegrative disorder
C) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
D) Asperger's disorder

Question 32

Childhood disintegrative disorder is a ______ condition and occurs more commonly among ______.

A) common, males
B) common, females
C) rare, males
D) rare, females

Question 33

Autism is a ______ condition.

A) mild, short-term
B) severe, short-term
C) mild, lifelong
D) severe, lifelong

Question 34

Each year, ______ children in the United States are abused or neglected.

A) 550,000
B) 1.5 million
C) 5.5 million
D) 10.5 million

Question 35

Pat is two and a half years old. Although he has been developing normally, he is beginning to lose control of his bladder and bowels. Upon examination, his pediatrician finds no medical
Causes. By his third birthday, Pat's understanding of language begins to deteriorate and his
Social skills are becoming impaired. Pat has features of ______.

A) childhood disintegrative disorder
B) Rett's disorder
C) autism
D) Asperger's disorder

Question 36

Children with autism seem to ______input from the outside world.

A) shut out any
B) under-respond to all
C) distort all
D) focus only on

Question 37

About 1 in ______ children in the United States suffer from an autism spectrum disorder.

A) 15
B) 50
C) 110
D) 300

Question 38

In 2013, researchers estimated that __________ percent of children in the United States have an autism spectrum disorder.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 5
D) 10

Question 39

Autism was first used to describe a characteristic of ______.

A) what we now refer to as antisocial personality disorder
B) social withdrawal, attributable to depression
C) schizophrenic thinking
D) the manic phase of bipolar disorder

Question 40

In 1943, the phrase "early infantile autism" was first applied to a group of disturbed children by ______.

A) Ivar Lovaas
B) Leo Kanner
C) Fred Volkmar
D) Eugen Bleuler

Question 41

Early views on autism blamed ______ parents for causing the disorder.

A) overly attached and protective
B) emotionally unstable and hysterical
C) overly demanding and perfectionistic
D) cold and detached

Question 42

Research has ______ supported the notion that autism in children is caused by cold and detached parents.

A) not
B) partly
C) mostly
D) completely

Question 43

Children with autism are bound by ______.

A) separation anxiety
B) psychotic episodes
C) ritual
D) fantasy playmates

Question 44

Which factor would result in a poorer prognosis for autistic children?

A) delay in diagnosis
B) an autistic sibling
C) urban residence
D) restricted diet

Question 45

Scientists have ______ between autism and childhood vaccines.

A) failed to find any association
B) found only minor correlations
C) found a moderate connection
D) found a very strong link

Question 46

Investigators have linked an increased risk of both autism and schizophrenia in children with __________.

A) older fathers
B) older mothers
C) younger fathers
D) younger mothers

Question 47

Language and communication problems displayed by children with autism include which of the following?

A) throat clearing and a raspy voice
B) speaking in a monotone
C) pronoun reversals
D) being excessively gregarious

Question 48

Peter is unresponsive to most social stimuli. He rarely smiles, talks, or makes eye contact with others. He seems indifferent to everyone, including his parents. He engages in solitary,
Ritualistic behaviors such as constantly flapping his hands. He sometimes goes into sudden
Tantrums or panics. He also insists on the same familiar food each day. Peter's disorder is
Most likely ______.

A) autism
B) childhood schizophrenia
C) intellectual developmental disorder
D) avoidant disorder

Question 49

Autism occurs ______ in boys as compared to girls.

A) equally
B) two-thirds as much
C) twice as much
D) nearly five times as much

Question 50

Some parents of children with _________ worry that their children may not meet the DSM-5 criteria for autism spectrum disorder and thus not receive treatment services or reimbursement for these services.

A) Rett's Disorder
B) Tourette's syndrome
C) Asperger's disorder
D) autism

Question 51

A child who repeatedly bangs his or her head, refuses to interact socially, avoids eye contact, and has impaired communication has characteristics of ______.

A) Rett's disorder
B) childhood disintegrative disorder
C) Asperger's disorder
D) autism

Question 52

The most poignant feature of autism is the child's ______.

A) ritualistic behavior
B) communication difficulties
C) panic episodes
D) utter aloneness

Question 53

The increase in the number of children in the United States diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder may be due to a(n)__________.

A) increase in the numbers of vaccinations given
B) increase in the amount of food dyes and food additives
C) decrease in the numbers of cases of Asperger's disorder and other milder forms of autism spectrum disorder
D) increase in the numbers of cases of Asperger's disorder and other milder forms of autism spectrum disorder

Question 54

Billy is two years old and rarely speaks or uses gestures. He does not like to be cuddled by his parents nor anyone else for that matter. He does not play with his siblings, but prefers to play
Alone. His play is repetitious and without emotional expression or imagination. Billy meets the
Criteria for ______.

A) Rett's disorder
B) autism
C) Asperger's disorder
D) childhood disintegrative disorder

Question 55

Which of the following is true?

A) Autistic children have an unusually well-developed and differentiated self-concept.
B) Most autistic children show no evidence of intellectual developmental disorder.
C) Autistic children tend to be overly friendly and trusting of others.
D) Because of difficulties in trying to test them, we can only estimate the intellectual ability of most autistic children.

Question 56

Preservation of sameness is an important feature of ______.

A) autism
B) separation anxiety disorder
C) ADHD
D) Tourette's syndrome

Question 57

Autism is usually not accurately diagnosed until age ______.

A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight

Question 58

The clinical features of autism generally become evident between ______ of age.

A) 5 and 10 months
B) 12 and 18 months
C) 18 and 30 months
D) 30 and 36 months

Question 59

Children who are eventually diagnosed with autism are often described by their parents as having been ______ babies early in infancy.

A) demanding
B) active
C) passive
D) good

Question 60

Which of the following is true of children with autism?

A) They maintain good eye contact but typically are not drawn to social exchanges.
B) As they develop, they begin to reject affectionate contacts such as hugging, kissing, and cuddling with their parents.
C) They are often described by their parents as having been difficult babies during early infancy.
D) They have distinctive, unusual facial features and have an "intelligent look" about them.

Question 61

Darcy has intellectual developmental disorder. Most people, however, don't notice it, although she walks, talks, and feeds herself more slowly than most children. She needs occasional guidance when under unusual social or economic stress, but normally she can function on her own. She is capable of reading at a 6th grade level. Her IQ is 67. The severity of her intellectual developmental disorder is best described as ______.

A) mild
B) moderate
C) severe
D) profound

Question 62

Which of the following statements is true regarding the treatment of autism?

A) Intensive behavioral approaches are the least successful in treating autism.
B) Most autistic people are eventually able to live independently.
C) Ivar Lovaas has designed the only approach to curing autism.
D) Antipsychotic drugs have been helpful in reducing social withdrawal and self-injurious behavior.

Question 63

Which of the following is true?

A) The scans of brains of autistic children show an unusually large prefrontal cortex.
B) Researchers suspect that multiple genetic factors are involved in the development of autism.
C) Autism may, in part, be related to exposure to vaccines.
D) Experts are focusing on a single malfunctioning gene variant as the primary cause of most autism spectrum disorders.

Question 64

Paige has intellectual developmental disorder. She experienced noticeable delays in her motor development, especially speech, but she can learn simple communication, elementary health and safety habits, and simple manual skills. She can perform simple tasks in sheltered conditions and loves to participate in simple recreational activities. However, she is incapable of self- maintenance. Her IQ is 39 and she is unable to progress in functional reading and arithmetic.
The severity of her intellectual developmental disorder is best described as ______.

A) mild
B) moderate
C) severe
D) profound

Question 65

Many aspects of autistic behavior, such as tantrums and self-injurious behavior, can be diminished through the administration of drugs used to treat ______.

A) narcotics addiction
B) anxiety
C) schizophrenia
D) epileptic seizures

Question 66

______ is a disorder formally called mental retardation.

A) Developmental regressive disorders
B) Developmental learning disorders
C) Intellectual regressive disorder
D) Intellectual developmental disorder

Question 67

Lovaas demonstrated significant improve in autistic children using ______.

A) group behavior modification
B) intense individual behavioral therapy
C) cognitive restructuring
D) modeling

Question 68

Most children with intellectual developmental disorder fall in the ______ range.

A) mild
B) moderate
C) severe
D) profound

Question 69

Which of the following is true of behavioral approaches to treating children with autism?

A) They suggest that autism is caused by faulty learning.
B) They suggest that isolation and B vitamin therapy may be helpful in the treatment of autistic behavior.
C) They sometimes involve the use of ignoring the autistic child as a method to eliminate self-injurious behaviors.
D) They use positive reinforcement to teach and maintain new behaviors.

Question 70

The researcher known for developing a cognitive-learning perspective on autism is ______.

A) Bandura
B) Kleckley
C) Lovaas
D) Lazarus

Question 71

About ______ percent of children with intellectual developmental disorder fall in the mild range.

A) 55
B) 65
C) 75
D) 85

Question 72

Which one of the following statements is true?

A) Children with autism have no known perceptual deficits.
B) Children with autism have difficulty engaging in fine motor skills tasks.
C) Children with autism vary at times from being unduly sensitive to external situation to being almost completely insensitive to it
D) Children with autism have very small brain ventricles.

Question 73

Autistic children often have difficulties integrating information from __________.

A) only the auditory sense
B) their various memories of childhood
C) new learning with old learning
D) his or her various senses

Question 74

The UCLA psychologist who developed a successful intensive behavioral treatment program for autistic children was ______.

A) Leo Kanner
B) Ivor Lovaas
C) Eugen Bleuler
D) Milton Lambert

Question 75

About ______ percent of the general population is affected by intellectual developmental disorder .

A) 1
B) 5
C) 10
D) 15

Question 76

Which of the following is one of the three diagnostic criteria from the DSM-5 which must be met for a person to be labeled intellectual developmental disorder?

A) The person must receive an IQ score of 70 or below.
B) The person must show concurrent evidence of impaired functioning in adaptive behavior.
C) The person must be categorized as a level 10 or a level 12 on the General Deterioration Scale.
D) The person must show evidence of onset of the disorder after the age of 18.

Question 77

Currently, scientists' suspicions are focused on ______ as the primary cause of autism.

A) underlying biological abnormalities
B) dysfunctional family relationships
C) impoverished learning environments in early childhood
D) dietary abnormalities in infancy

Question 78

A disorder characterized by a generalized delay or impairment in the development of intellectual and adaptive abilities is ______.

A) autism
B) childhood schizophrenia
C) intellectual developmental disorder
D) Asperger's disorder

Question 79

Which of the following statements is true regarding the treatment of autism?

A) Autism is a curable disorder if it is diagnosed by the age of two.
B) Cognitive therapy has the highest rate of efficacy for treating autism.
C) Behavioral therapy has the highest rate of efficacy for treating autism.
D) Biological approaches have the highest rate of efficacy for treating autism.

Question 80

Emmy takes her autistic child to a psychiatrist for an evaluation. The psychiatrist suggests that the child's autism developed as a result of perceptual deficits. According to this argument,
Rather than associating Emmy with food, warmth, and the clothing she provides, her child
Focuses exclusively on the food and clothing, and is thus unable to develop normal emotional
Bonds with Emmy. This psychiatrist is most likely a ______.

A) psychodynamic theorist
B) humanistic theorist
C) cognitive-learning theorist
D) biological theorist