Deck 2: The Evolution of Management Thinking

Question 1

Administrative acts and decisions recorded in writing is one of the six characteristics of the Weberian bureaucracy.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The early study of management as we know it today began with what is now called the technology-driven workplace.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Political forces are aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Frederick W. Taylor developed Systems Thinking and emphasized the fourteen principles of management that should guide managerial behavior.

Question 5

Fayol's unity of command principle emphasizes that each subordinate receives orders from one, and only one superior.

Question 6

Standardization of work and wage incentives are characteristics of behavioral science.

Question 7

Scientific management evolved with the use of precise procedures in place of tradition and rules of thumb.

Question 8

Scientific management developed a standard method for performing each job.

Question 9

A historical perspective provides a narrower way of thinking, a way of searching for patterns and determining whether they recur across time periods.

Question 10

A criticism of human relations management is that it ignores the social context and workers' needs.

Question 11

Follett and Barnard were early advocates of a more humanistic perspective on management that emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior, needs, and attitudes in the workplace as well as social interactions and group processes.

Question 12

The classical perspective on management emerged during the 1800's.

Question 13

The scalar chain is a hypothetical chain that provides horizontal links between unionized workers in different departments in an organization.

Question 14

One of the criticisms of scientific management is it did not acknowledge variance among individuals.

Question 15

With clear definitions of authority and responsibility, division of labor is one of the six characteristics of the Weberian bureaucracy.

Question 16

Economic forces pertain to the availability, production, and distribution of resources in a society.

Question 17

The humanistic perspective contains three subfields: scientific management, bureaucratic organizations, and administrative principles.

Question 18

Social forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.

Question 19

Scientific management focuses on employee competence, whereas administrative principles focus on the total organization.

Question 20

Unity of direction principle proposes that similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager.

Question 21

Contingency thinking is the ability to see both the distinct elements of a system or situation and the complex and changing interaction among those elements.

Question 22

Theory Y proposes that organizations can take advantage of the imagination and intellect of all of their employees.

Question 23

The Systems Thinking approach develops theories about human behavior based on scientific methods and study.

Question 24

The human relations movement is also referred to as the dairy farm view of management, meaning that contented cows give more milk, and satisfied workers will give more work.

Question 25

Mary Parker Follett's approach to leadership stressed the importance of engineering techniques rather than people.

Question 26

Contingency theory suggests that managers are more successful if they learn the best way to manage and motivate their employees, and then apply this knowledge in a universally consistent way.

Question 27

The term "quants" refers to financial managers and others who base their decisions on complex quantitative analysis, under assumption that using advanced mathematics and technology can accurately predict how the market works.

Question 28

A social group within an organization is part of the informal organization.

Question 29

An assumption of Theory Y is that the average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if possible.

Question 30

The scientific management perspective refers to the management thinking and practice that emphasizes satisfaction of employees' basic needs as the key to increased worker productivity.

Question 31

Discerning circles of causality is an important element of systems thinking.

Question 32

A contingency view argues that there is one best way to manage an organization.

Question 33

Information technology is the most recent subfield of the quantitative perspective.

Question 34

The Hawthorne studies resulted in the movement towards scientific management.

Question 35

The field of management that specializes in the physical production of goods or services refers to operations management.

Question 36

The Hawthorne studies led to the early conclusion that positive human relations can lead to significantly higher performance.

Question 37

When the shop foreman receives and rewards valuable suggestions from its workers, and this leads to continual improvement of production, synergy has occurred.

Question 38

Organization development is a specific set of management techniques based in the behavioral science approach.

Question 39

The management science approach uses qualitative data in management decision making.

Question 40

According to Douglas McGregor, Theory X and Theory Y provide two opposing views of workers, where Theory X recognizes that workers enjoy achievement and responsibility, while Theory Y recognizes that workers will avoid work whenever possible.

Question 41

The nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw the development of which management perspective?

A) The human relations movement
B) The behavioral sciences approach
C) The classical perspective
D) The quantitative management approach
E) The TQM approach

Question 42

Supply chain management refers to the sequence of suppliers and purchasers, covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers.

Question 43

The inherent focus of TQM is on managing the total organization to deliver quality to the customer.

Question 44

Which of these forces comprises unwritten, common rules and perceptions about relationships?

A) Economic forces
B) Political forces
C) Social forces
D) Legal forces
E) Personal forces

Question 45

A process whereby companies find out how others do something better than they do and then try to imitate or improve on it refers to outsourcing.

Question 46

_____ is the most current management perspective.

A) Total quality management
B) Contingency views
C) Systems theory
D) Open (collaborative) innovation
E) Classical perspective

Question 47

Jessica is a recent college graduate who is seeking a job that includes telecommuting, shared jobs, flextime, and organization-sponsored sabbaticals. Based on this information, Jessica most likely belongs to which demographic group?

A) Baby Boomer
B) Generation X
C) Generation Y
D) Generation Z
E) Tweener

Question 48

Customer relationship management systems collect and manage large amounts of data about customers and make them available to employees.

Question 49

_____ forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.

A) Social
B) Political
C) Economic
D) Technological
E) Legal

Question 50

Six Sigma refers to an innovation mindset, used widely by Indian companies, that strives to meet customers' immediate needs quickly and inexpensively.

Question 51

A supply chain is a network of multiple businesses and individuals that are connected through the flow of products or services.

Question 52

Benchmarking involves finding out what the customer wants.

Question 53

An innovation mindset that strives to meet customers' immediate needs quickly and inexpensively is referred to as:

A) kaizen.
B) just-in-time control.
C) total quality management.
D) jugaad.
E) XY Theory.

Question 54

Which of these forces pertain to the availability, production, and distribution of resources in a society?

A) Social
B) Political
C) Economic
D) Technological
E) Legal

Question 55

Which of these perspectives emphasized a rational, scientific approach to the study of management and sought to make organizations efficient operating machines?

A) The Humanistic Perspective
B) The Behavioral Sciences Approach
C) The Classical Perspective
D) The TQM approach
E) The Quantitative Management Approach

Question 56

Time and motion studies that resulted in drastic reduction in the time patients spent on the operating table were pioneered by _____.

A) Edward Deming
B) Henry Gantt
C) Max Weber
D) Mary Parker Follett
E) Frank Gilbreth

Question 57

Which of these is a subfield of the classical management perspective that emphasized scientifically determined changes in management practices as the solution to improving labor productivity?

A) The human relations movement
B) The behavioral sciences approach
C) The TQM approach
D) The quantitative management approach
E) The scientific management movement

Question 58

The implementation of small, incremental improvements in all areas of the organization on an ongoing basis refers to continuous improvement.

Question 59

Although developed by a Japanese business manager, the quality movement is strongly associated with American companies.

Question 60

Frank Gilbreth felt that efficiency equated with:

A) one best way to do work.
B) leadership flows from the top down.
C) procedures and policies.
D) scientific management.
E) bureaucracy.

Question 61

Which of the following is not a criticism of scientific management?

A) It does not appreciate the social context of work.
B) It does not appreciate the higher needs of workers.
C) It does not appreciate the careful study of tasks and jobs.
D) It does not acknowledge variance among individuals.
E) It tends to regard workers as uninformed and ignored their ideas and suggestions.

Question 62

Mary Parker Follett contributed to which field?

A) Humanistic approach
B) Scientific management approach
C) Total quality management approach
D) Quantitative approach to management
E) Systems approach to management

Question 63

Positions organized in a hierarchy of authority is an important characteristic of:

A) scientific management.
B) bureaucratic organizations.
C) quantitative management.
D) the human relations movement.
E) total quality management.

Question 64

The three subfields of the classical perspective include:

A) quantitative management, behavioral science, and administrative management.
B) bureaucratic organization, quantitative management, and the human relations movement.
C) administrative management, bureaucratic organization, and scientific management.
D) scientific management, quantitative management, and administrative management.
E) none of these.

Question 65

Frederick Taylor's contributions were in the field of:

A) scientific management.
B) human resource management.
C) human relations.
D) quantitative management.
E) total quality management.

Question 66

All of the following are characteristics of Weberian bureaucracy except:

A) labor is divided with clear definitions of authority and responsibility that are legitimized as official duties.
B) positions are organized in a hierarchy of authority, with each position under the authority of a higher one.
C) all personnel are selected and promoted based on technical qualifications.
D) administrative acts and decisions are recorded in writing.
E) management is the same as the ownership of the organization.

Question 67

Who is considered the "first lady of management?"

A) Mary Parker Follett
B) Lillian Gilbreth
C) Carly Fiorona
D) Maxine Weber
E) Anne Adams

Question 68

The principle that similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager is the essence of the classical perspective known as:

A) unity of command.
B) division of work.
C) unity of direction.
D) scalar chain.
E) quality management.

Question 69

According to Weber's ideas on bureaucracy, organizations should be based on which of these?

A) Personal loyalty
B) Personal references
C) Rational authority
D) Family ties
E) Charismatic authority

Question 70

The bureaucratic organizations approach is a subfield within the _____.

A) classical perspective
B) systems theory
C) scientific management
D) learning organization
E) management science view

Question 71

_____ is considered the "father of scientific management."

A) Frank B. Gilbreth
B) Elton Mayo
C) Henry Gantt
D) Douglas McGregor
E) Frederick W. Taylor

Question 72

Archies' Antiques, Inc., is characterized by separation of management from ownership and by clearly defined lines of authority and responsibility. These characteristics are consistent with the principles of:

A) scientific management.
B) bureaucratic organizations.
C) administrative management theory.
D) human resource management.
E) all of these.

Question 73

Which of the following is a bar graph that measures planned and completed work along each stage of production by time elapsed?

A) Time and Work chart
B) Gantt chart
C) Time and Motion chart
D) Production and Delivery chart
E) Gilbreth chart

Question 74

Whereas scientific management focused on _____ , administrative principles approach focused on the _____.

A) individual productivity; total organization
B) organization productivity; individual effort
C) efficient procedures; management by principle
D) employee ability; employee loyalty
E) employee competence; work flow through the organization

Question 75

The use of specialization to produce more and better work with the same level of effort is consistent with the administrative management principle of:

A) unity of command.
B) unity of direction.
C) scalar chain.
D) division of work.
E) none of these

Question 76

Matrix Dress Designs operates using the concept of empowerment, where employees act independently and with management facilitating rather than controlling workers. These qualities represent which management approach?

A) Administrative principles approach
B) Bureaucratic approach
C) Scientific management approach
D) Humanistic approach
E) Behavioral sciences approach

Question 77

Genex Dynamics is a ballistics company that uses the unity of command, scalar chain, and division of work principles. These are part of which management philosophy?

A) Administrative principles approach
B) Bureaucratic approach
C) Scientific management approach
D) Humanistic approach
E) Behavioral sciences approach

Question 78

Standardization of work and wage incentives are characteristics of:

A) bureaucratic organizations.
B) scientific management.
C) quantitative management.
D) administrative management.
E) behavioral science.

Question 79

Max Weber felt selection of employees should be based on _____.

A) education
B) competence
C) connections
D) political skills
E) efficient systems

Question 80

Which of these is a major criticism of scientific management?

A) It ignored the social context of work.
B) It ignored the impact of compensation on performance.
C) It overemphasized individual differences.
D) It overemphasized the intelligence of workers.
E) It emphasized the social context of work.