Deck 11: Individuals With Speech and Language Impairments

Question 1

A father feeds his child green beans for lunch.After taking a bite, the child frowns, spits the beans out, and pushes the next spoonful of beans away.This child is

A) Using morphological rules
B) Using nonlinguistic communication behaviors
C) Experiencing message distortion
D) Interpreting a communication message

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A child who can tell his or her first name, hold up fingers to indicate his or her age, answer "where" questions, and use short sentences such as "Me want milk" is demonstrating the developmental milestones of a typically developing

A) 1-year-old
B) 2-year-old
C) 3-year-old
D) 4-year-old

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A child with normal hearing who has difficulty paying attention while listening, paying attention to the teacher when background noise is in the classroom, remembering information presented orally, and discriminating between similar sounding words may be demonstrating

A) A syntactic disorder
B) Aphasia
C) Apraxia of speech
D) A central auditory processing disorder

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A 7-year-old boy with a speech impairment makes the following statement to his mother: "I hur my han when I wan into the fence." The boy was attempting to say ,"I hurt my hand when I ran into the fence." This child is demonstrating the speech production errors of

A) Addition and substitution
B) Addition and omission
C) Substitution and distortion
D) Substitution and omission

Question 5

A child who was in a car accident and received head trauma developed a speech and language problem following the accident.How would the etiology of this child's communication disorder be classified?

A) Aphasic
B) Developmental
C) Congenital
D) Acquired

Question 6

A student with aphasia exhibits

A) Additions of speech sounds in words (e.g., likes for like)
B) Breathiness
C) An impairment of language function
D) An inability to position speech muscles to produce speech sounds

Question 7

Alexander comes to school on the first day and speaks to the teacher, Ms.Milan.She thinks he sounds like he is holding his nose when he speaks.Ms.Milan alerts the speech-language pathologist, who says the student may have

A) Vocal nodules
B) A phonation disorder
C) Hyponasality
D) Hypernasality

Question 8

A mild to moderate speech and language disorder

A) Is so subtle that it usually affects students' lives inconsequentially
B) Is experienced only by a small percentage of students
C) Most often occurs secondary to pervasive cognitive disabilities
D) May have a profound effect on all aspects of a student's life

Question 9

A child says, "That apple is weally wed." The child is having difficulty with what component of language?

A) Semantics
B) Phonology
C) Pragmatics
D) Syntax

Question 10

A student who says, "I saw the mouses run out of the hole" is having difficulty with what component of language?

A) Semantics
B) Phonology
C) Pragmatics
D) Morphology

Question 11

All sounds in the English language are mastered by children by the time they reach

A) 6 years of age
B) 7 years of age
C) 8 years of age
D) 9 years of age

Question 12

The characteristic(s)of a phonation disorder include(s)

A) Too little or too much air passing through the nasal passage
B) Hoarseness, breathiness, and huskiness
C) An inability to make intelligible speech sounds
D) A disruption in the fluency of speech

Question 13

Which of the following is not associated with stuttering?

A) More males than females stutter.
B) Children who are twins are more likely to stutter.
C) Stuttering has been linked to psychological trauma.
D) Stuttering is the most common fluency disorder.

Question 14

A 12-year-old student who says "I-I-I-I want i-i-i-ice c-c-c-cream" is exhibiting

A) A voice disorder
B) Cluttering
C) Apraxia of speech
D) A fluency disorder

Question 15

A child with a severe articulation disorder

A) Has speech that cannot be understood most of the time by most people
B) Has speech that cannot be understood except by family members
C) Can produce sounds but only pronounces them correctly some of the time
D) Can produce sounds but only pronounces them correctly when the child thinks he or she is alone

Question 16

The component of language that deals with rules of putting words together to form phrases and sentences is called

A) Morphology
B) Phonology
C) Pragmatics
D) Syntax

Question 17

Ariel approaches another group of children who are talking about the baseball game.She stands very close to the children, gets close to their faces, and says, "I have two cats at my house." The children acknowledge her, back away a bit, and continue the conversation about the ballgame.Ariel interrupts again, moves closer to the children, and says, "My Siamese cat and my Persian cat belong to me, not my brother." In what component of language does Ariel most likely have a deficit?

A) Syntax
B) Morphology
C) Pragmatics
D) Semantics

Question 18

Approximately what percentage of preschoolers (i.e., 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds)receiving special education have a speech and language disorder?

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 46%
D) 75%

Question 19

The label used by the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act (PL 108-446)for a student's difficulty with communication is

A) Speech and language impairment
B) Communication disorder
C) Speech and language delay
D) Communication impairment

Question 20

Abnormalities in respiration, phonation and vocal resonance can influence which of the following?

A) Articulation
B) Voice quality
C) Fluency
D) All of the above

Question 21

Which of the following would not be a characteristic of an expressive language disorder?

A) Difficulty formulating questions
B) Difficulty following oral directions
C) Difficulty with correct grammar usage
D) Difficulty developing vocabulary

Question 22

A cleft palate is an example of which etiological classification?

A) Functional
B) Phonological
C) Organic
D) Traumatic

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of an articulation disorder?

A) Phonation
B) Resonance
C) Stuttering
D) Distortions

Question 24

By kindergarten, most children have a vocabulary of how many words?

A) 2,000
B) 500
C) 1,000
D) 4,000

Question 25

Early intervention with young children with speech and language impairments is critical because

A) The younger the child, the more successful the outcomes of the intervention.
B) Some interventions have been shown to be effective only with children younger than 5 years.
C) Young children need intensive interventions in self-contained settings.
D) Federal legislation mandates young children receive early intervention services by a speech-language pathologist.

Question 26

Language form comprises all of the following elements except

A) Syntax
B) Phonology
C) Semantics
D) Morphology

Question 27

Which of the following is not an example of nonlinguistic communication?

A) Rolling your eyes
B) Keyboarding
C) Nodding your head
D) Gesturing

Question 28

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a student demonstrating receptive language?

A) The teacher tells Bob to go get a marker and bring it to her. Bob gets the marker and takes it to the teacher.
B) Bob holds up a marker and says to the teacher, "I have a marker."
C) The teacher tells Bob to go get a marker and bring it to her. Bob walks to the sink.
D) Bob holds up a marker and says to the teacher, "Me marker."

Question 29

What is an appropriate educational strategy to use if a teacher wants to develop functional language skills for a student with central auditory processing disorder?

A) Do auditory discrimination exercises (the student identifies the difference between words such as these and please)
B) Have the student repeat oral directions after the teacher gives them
C) Have the student practice repeating sounds heard in a sequence
D) Have the student locate a sound the teacher makes in a room

Question 30

"A rule-based method of communication" best sums up the definition of which of the following terms?

A) Speech
B) Communication
C) Language
D) Phonology

Question 31

When conducting an assessment of a student's speech and language, which of the following is conducted using a formal measure?

A) Observation of prelinguistic behaviors
B) Conversational language sample
C) Articulation test
D) Parent interview

Question 32

If a child's screening assessment determines that there is a possibility of a communication disability, the next step in the assessment process is to

A) Make a referral
B) Conduct a second screening
C) Determine eligibility
D) Plan the child's program

Question 33

At what age, typically, can a child tell a story?

A) 5-6
B) 8-9
C) 1-2
D) 3-4

Question 34

All of the following are characteristics of children who have receptive language problems except problems

A) With vocabulary
B) Following directions
C) Understanding figurative language
D) Responding to questions appropriately

Question 35

All of the following are organs that are used in the production of speech except

A) Amygdala
B) Epiglottis
C) Uvula
D) Frenum

Question 36

A student with a significant deficit in speech production would have which type of disorder?

A) Phonological
B) Voice
C) Semantic
D) Syntactical

Question 37

Children with speech and language impairments who are second-language learners are difficult to identify because

A) Parents are reluctant to have their children tested.
B) Reliable and valid tests used for identification are limited.
C) To be valid, tests must be conducted in the child's second language.
D) Communication behaviors emerge at different ages in different cultures.

Question 38

A low-tech augmentative or alternative communication device includes the use of

A) Picture symbols
B) The selection of words to generate speech
C) iPods or iPads
D) Concrete choices

Question 39

Some of the earliest sounds to emerge in young children's speech include

A) zh, v, z, s
B) k, g, d, t
C) p, m, h, n, w
D) ng, f, y, r, l

Question 40

Most students with speech and language impairments are served in

A) General education classrooms
B) Special classes targeted for students with speech-language impairments
C) Resource rooms
D) Speech therapy classrooms

Question 41

Symptoms of cluttering include all of the following except

A) Reading and writing disorders
B) Word repetitions
C) Short attention span
D) Inability to filter distractions

Question 42

Phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics are components of

A) Speech
B) Communication
C) Language
D) Syntax

Question 43

The ____________ of language includes the rules governing how words are formed from meaningful units.

A) Syntax
B) Phonology
C) Morphology
D) Semantics

Question 44

Speech is the most complex mode for expression of language.

Question 45

Students with expressive language problems may have difficulty ________.

A) Producing age-appropriate vocabulary
B) Following oral directions
C) Responding to questions appropriately
D) Understanding humor

Question 46

Sign language and communication boards are examples of

A) Augmentative communication devices
B) Alternative communication devices
C) AAC[AQ: Please define "AAC"]
D) All of the above

Question 47

Children with central auditory processing disorder have difficulty paying attention to a speaker when there is background noise in the room but usually have normal hearing.

Question 48

A child has a vocabulary of approximately 1,000 words around __________ years of age.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 49

Speech and language problems resulting from a child contracting meningitis are an example of a(n)_______ communication disorder.

A) Preventable
B) Developmental
C) Congenital
D) Acquired

Question 50

A lisp is an example of

A) Omission
B) Substitution
C) Addition
D) Distortion

Question 51

Language and communication are synonymous terms.

Question 52

Evaluation of language skills in the preschool child should always include which of the following measures?

A) Adaptive behavior scales
B) Parent interviews
C) Informal language sampling
D) All of the above

Question 53

Care must be taken that normative data account for individual and cultural differences that affect language acquisition.One way to do this is through a language sample.This type of assessment can be described as which one of the following?

A) Formal
B) Evaluative
C) Critical
D) Informal

Question 54

Articulation disorders include all of the following except

A) Substitutions
B) Repetitions
C) Omissions
D) Additions

Question 55

___________ is the exchange of ideas, information, thoughts, and feelings.

A) Speech
B) Vocabulary
C) Communication
D) Language

Question 56

Aphasia is ________.

A) Impairment in positioning the speech muscles
B) Inability to hear speech sounds
C) Errors in the production of speech sounds
D) Loss or impairment of language function

Question 57

Speech has an expressive and receptive component.

Question 58

Most young children who do not speak fluently will develop stuttering as they mature.

Question 59

IDEA 2004 mandates that professionals must seek information from the parents and include it in the assessment process.

Question 60

The three basic types of speech impairments are _______, _______, and _______.

A) Articulation disorders, voice disorders, fluency disorders
B) Aphasia, apraxia, articulation
C) Resonance, phonation, nasality
D) Central auditory processing disorder, developmental delay, receptive disorder

Question 61

A speech-language pathologist's use of formal assessment measures is the primary means for identifying students with speech and language impairments.

Question 62

Prelinguistic skills in young children develop differently based on the child's culture.

Question 63

Childhood aphasia is an example of a congenital impairment.

Question 64

Speech is the oral modality for language.

Question 65

Speech and language impairments represent a high-incidence disability.According to the text, this means that most children receiving a special education have a speech or language impairment.

Question 66

Severe communication and language disabilities are most likely to occur secondary to pervasive cognitive, neurological, or physical disabilities.

Question 67

Intervention for young children with speech and language impairments should begin when a child enters kindergarten.

Question 68

Sign language is an alternative or augmentative communication.

Question 69

The sooner early intervention begins for a youngster with communication disorders, the more promising the outcomes.

Question 70

Children learn the rules of language by listening and imitating what they hear.

Question 71

The terms speech, language, and communication are so closely related that they are interchangeable.

Question 72

Effective use of language is imperative for children to be able to read, write, and understand perceptions of those around them.

Question 73

Briefly define a voice disorder and give two characteristics that may occur in persons with voice disorders.

Question 74

Stuttering and cluttering are examples of language disorders.

Question 75

One of the most important tools in the assessment process for speech and language impairments is the case history.

Question 76

Cleft lip or cleft palate is a congenital abnormality that occurs so frequently that it is one of the most common birth defects in the United States.

Question 77

Slightly less than 20% of students receiving special education services are receiving services for speech and language impairments.

Question 78

The U.S.Department of Education (2013)reports that over 342,000 preschoolers with disabilities exhibit speech and language impairments.

Question 79

What is communication?

Question 80

Speech and language development begins in the womb.