Deck 6: Individuals With Intellectual Disability

Question 1

According to the 1992 AAIDD definition, intellectual disability manifests prior to what age?

A) 5 years
B) 12 years
C) 18 years
D) 21 years

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The most common method used for assessing an individual's cognitive ability is through the use of a(n)

A) Adaptive behavior assessment
B) Intelligence or IQ test
C) Direct observation assessment
D) Achievement test

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is not considered a common characteristic of persons with intellectual disabilities?

A) Inability to learn
B) Inability to believe in their ability to solve problems
C) Deficits in attention
D) Deficits in memory

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The 1992 AAIDD definition of intellectual disabilities portrays intellectual disability as a relationship between the

A) Level of support needed for an individual to participate to his or her maximum potential and the intelligence of the individual
B) Individual's intellectual functioning, language functioning, and motor functioning
C) Individual's IQ, the individual's adaptive behavior functioning, and the environment
D) Individual, the environment, and the type of support needed for maximum functioning

Question 5

The most recent strategy used for classifying individuals with intellectual disabilities by the AAIDD was to classify on the basis of

A) Intellectual functioning
B) Severity of intellectual disabilities
C) Cause of the disability
D) Levels of support

Question 6

Persons with intellectual disabilities often experience difficulty with academic performance.The weakest area is most often

A) Science concepts
B) Memory
C) Arithmetic
D) Reading comprehension

Question 7

Individuals with mild intellectual disabilities have an IQ between

A) 30 and 40
B) 50 and 60
C) 50 and 70
D) 75 and 90

Question 8

According to the 1992 AAIDD definition of intellectual disability, persons are classified based on the level of support they need to effectively function in various settings.Select the response that lists the levels of support in order from the least amount of support to the most amount of support.

A) Limited, intermittent, extensive, pervasive
B) Intermittent, limited, extensive, pervasive
C) Limited, intermittent, pervasive, extensive
D) Intermittent, limited, pervasive, extensive

Question 9

Three levels of prevention of intellectual disabilities have been identified.An example of a secondary prevention is

A) Screenings of newborns for phenylketonuria (PKU)
B) Early intervention programs
C) Amniocentesis
D) Prenatal care

Question 10

Intellectual disability is possibly caused by the maternal infection(s)of

A) HIV (AIDS)
B) Influenza
C) Rubella
D) A and C

Question 11

A professional working with an adult with intellectual disabilities helps the adult move out of an institution and into a supported living environment, to dress in clothing that is currently in fashion for persons of similar age, to obtain employment, and to pursue meaningful friendships.This professional is using

A) The principle of normalization
B) A task analysis approach
C) The concept of mainstreaming
D) Natural supports

Question 12

Séguin is considered an important figure in the history of special education because he

A) Established the first school for persons with intellectual disabilities in the United States
B) Developed one of the early models for describing stages of learning
C) Was the first person to demonstrate that an individual with intellectual disabilities could learn
D) Helped establish residential facilities for persons with intellectual disabilities in the United States

Question 13

Considering causes of intellectual disabilities, cytomegalovirus would be categorized as what type of cause?

A) Postnatal
B) Pronatal
C) Prenatal
D) Perinatal

Question 14

Which of the following statements is not true about Down syndrome?

A) It has been linked to a chromosomal abnormality.
B) It predominately affects males.
C) There is a link between maternal age and Down syndrome.
D) It most often results in individuals with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities.

Question 15

An 8-year-old girl living in the United States who is able to dress herself, brush her own teeth, make a peanut butter sandwich, and do her homework is demonstrating competence in

A) Metabolic processes
B) Adaptive behavior
C) Social skills
D) Intellectual functioning

Question 16

What percentage of the school-age population, aged 6 to 21 years, is identified as having intellectual disabilities?

A) Approximately 1%
B) Approximately 2%
C) Approximately 3%
D) Approximately 5%

Question 17

In approximately what percentage of the cases can the cause of intellectual disabilities be determined?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 60%

Question 18

A teacher is working to teach a student with intellectual disability new skills.Given the student's functioning level, the teacher anticipates the student should not have difficulty learning the new skills.However, during class, the student often puts his head down and says, "I can't" and "I need help," refusing to attempt the skills on his own.This student may be showing signs of

A) Learned helplessness
B) Deficits in attention
C) A plateau in development
D) A delay in development

Question 19

How many standard deviations below the mean are the IQs of persons classified with profound intellectual disabilities?

A) 2 to 3
B) 3 to 4
C) 4 to 5
D) More than 5

Question 20

A child is born at 36 weeks of gestation and weighs 5 lbs.after an otherwise normal pregnancy.Later in life, this child is classified as developmentally disabled.What are the likely factors that contributed to the child's disability?

A) Prenatal factors
B) Chromosomal factors
C) Postnatal factors
D) Perinatal factors

Question 21

All of the following are types of natural support except

A) Social Security
B) Friends
C) Family
D) Teachers

Question 22

Teachers should pay special attention to the social and behavioral development of their students because

A) There is a strong correlation between social adequacy and intelligence.
B) Being socially adept is important for success across environments.
C) Students with social inadequacies often develop violent behaviors.
D) Students with behaviors that are socially inappropriate should be separated from their peers.

Question 23

What percentage of children receiving a special education is classified intellectually disabled?

A) 5%
B) 9.2%
C) 7.4%
D) 20%

Question 24

Mr.Mendoza is teaching Luis to eat with a fork.He identifies these skills to teach: stab the food with the fork, raise the fork to the mouth, insert the food in the mouth, remove the fork from the mouth, chew and swallow the food, and repeat the process.This is an example of

A) Providing training across multiple contexts
B) Generalization
C) Teaching in simulation
D) A task analysis

Question 25

Which descriptive words can be used to describe how the term mental retardation is generally viewed in our society?

A) Stereotyped and misunderstood
B) Valued and appreciated
C) Helpful and regarded
D) Interesting and intriguing

Question 26

What is generalization?

A) Performing similar skills as those performed by same-age peers
B) Performing an acquired skill after a period of time has passed
C) Performing an acquired skill in novel situations
D) Acquiring a new skill

Question 27

Which of the following is a valid concern for IQ testing?

A) Predictability of school performance
B) Stability of IQ
C) Progressive thinking
D) Moral preparedness

Question 28

A teacher who provides the supports a student needs to learn a new skill and then gradually removes the supports as the student becomes more proficient at the task is using

A) Cooperative learning
B) Task analysis
C) Scaffolding
D) A functional curriculum

Question 29

Which two criteria are used to determine whether a child has an intellectual disability?

A) Intellectual functioning and attention behaviors
B) Adaptive behavior and behavioral issues
C) Intellectual behavior and adaptive behavior
D) IQ scores and grades

Question 30

A person with intellectual disabilities receives a Social Security payment each month because of his or her disability.What type of support is this considered?

A) Programmatic support
B) Formal support
C) Intermediate support
D) Natural support

Question 31

The forerunner to the AAIDD, originally called the Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for Idiotic and Feeble-Minded Persons, was founded in which year?

A) 1912
B) 1976
C) 1876
D) 1895

Question 32

All of the following are examples of 2002 AAIDD Adaptive Skills Areas except

A) Conceptual
B) Practical
C) Social
D) Morality

Question 33

The most recent data on educational placement for students with intellectual disabilities indicate that the most common placement is in

A) Inclusive general education classrooms
B) Resource rooms
C) Self-contained, separate schools
D) Self-contained, separate classrooms

Question 34

A student with intellectual disabilities "reads" an online newspaper each morning by using software that speaks the words aloud.What type of assistive technology is the student using?

A) Text-to-speech software
B) Dedicated communication device
C) Voice recognition software
D) Instructional technology

Question 35

Which of the following is not a characteristic of cooperative learning?

A) Used with heterogeneous groups
B) Encourages healthy competition among students
C) Rewards are based on group performance
D) Each pupil contributes to the assignment

Question 36

Family-centered services are most often associated with

A) Transition programs
B) Elementary programs
C) Special education services
D) Early intervention programs

Question 37

The father of special education is considered to be

A) Jean Marc Gaspard Itard
B) Édouard Séguin
C) Howard Gardner
D) King Henry II

Question 38

Which of the following is not an IQ test cited in the text?

A) Wechsler Intelligence Scale
B) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
C) Kaufman Assessment Battery
D) Maynard-Dexter Intelligence Scale

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of a skill that may be taught in a functional curriculum?

A) Reading a science textbook
B) Reciting poetry
C) Riding the bus to a shopping location
D) Performing math algorithms in a workbook

Question 40

What is the most common type of Down syndrome?

A) Anencephaly 12
B) Turner syndrome
C) China syndrome
D) Trisomy 21

Question 41

A functional or life skills curriculum:

A) Generic model
B) Task analysis
C) Cooperative learning
D) CLOC-RAM

Question 42

_______________ is a strategy for teaching functional skills in the environment in which they would naturally occur rather than in simulated settings.

A) Task analysis
B) Community-based instruction
C) Cooperative learning
D) Scaffolding

Question 43

Common behaviors of persons with intellectual disabilities include

A) High functioning in mathematics
B) Attention deficits
C) Memory problems
D) B and C

Question 44

All of the following except _________ are part of the process involved in conducting a task analysis.

A) Define the target behavior or task
B) Identify the prerequisite skills for the learning task
C) Identify the needed materials to perform the task
D) Provide opportunities for students to complete an itemized list of activities they would like to complete

Question 45

The ability of an individual to meet the standards of personal independence as well as social responsibility appropriate for his or her chronological age and culture group is referred to as

A) Task analysis
B) Self-advocacy
C) Adaptive behavior
D) Self-esteem

Question 46

Intellectual disability was defined as "subaverage general intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period and is associated with impairments in adaptive behavior" by which of the following AAIDD definitions?

A) 1973 AAIDD definition
B) 1961 AAIDD definition
C) 1992 AAIDD definition
D) 2002 AAIDD definition

Question 47

The belief that consequences and outcomes of behaviors are the result of circumstances and events beyond personal control is an example of

A) External locus of control
B) Learned helplessness
C) Outer directedness
D) Acknowledging one's own limitations

Question 48

____________ is a statistic that explains how far a particular score varies from the average.

A) An IQ
B) The mean
C) Standard deviation
D) Standard score

Question 49

Which of the following is not considered a possible postnatal cause of intellectual disability?

A) Encephalitis
B) Head trauma
C) Reye syndrome
D) Hydrocephalus

Question 50

Intelligence is an abstract concept that must be deduced and inferred.

Question 51

Once an individual's IQ score has been established, it will remain constant throughout his or her lifetime.

Question 52

___________ is one etiological factor occurring around the time of birth.

A) Perinatal
B) Prenatal
C) Postnatal
D) Birth natal

Question 53

The Renaissance in the 1300s brought about which of the following societal changes:

A) Religion was a dominant social force
B) There was more humane treatment of individuals with disabilities
C) Monasteries and asylums were established to provide sanctuary for individuals with disabilities
D) All of the above

Question 54

Persons with disabilities who speak out on issues of importance to them are practicing _______.

A) Self-determination
B) Self-advocacy
C) Self-monitoring
D) Self-realization

Question 55

Which of the following is not a recommended teaching and learning adaptation designed to improve learning outcomes for students with intellectual disability?

A) Ensure attention to relevant task demands
B) Teach ways to learn content while teaching content itself
C) Provide training that crosses multiple learning and environmental contexts
D) Provide multiple drills in skill development

Question 56

Adaptive behavior is usually measured by observing a student, interviewing persons involved with the student, and completing standardized scales.

Question 57

A comprehensive curriculum for learners with cognitive limitations should include all except

A) Be responsive to the needs of individual students
B) Provide maximum interaction with peers who are not disabled
C) Be sensitive to diploma requirements and graduation goals
D) Teach students in a self-contained environment

Question 58

Students who experience repeated academic failures may develop a style of learning known as ____________ in which they do not trust their own abilities and rely on others for help.

A) Externalism
B) Motivation
C) Outer directedness
D) Locus of direction

Question 59

The use of ____________ provides a tool that can greatly expand students with disabilities' access to the general education curriculum.

A) Independent practice
B) Normalization
C) Technology
D) Formal supports

Question 60

Parents who have children with the metabolic disorder of _________ can greatly reduce developmental delays if they discover the condition early and place their children on a milk-free diet.

A) PKU
B) Galactosemia
C) Cytomegalovirus
D) Toxoplasmosis

Question 61

Students with intellectual disabilities are more than three times as likely as other children with disabilities to be educated in a self-contained classroom.

Question 62

The 1992 AAIDD classification of intellectual disability, based on levels of support, was a departure from previous classification models of intellectual impairment.

Question 63

For many young adults with intellectual disabilities, competitive employment is not a realistic goal.

Question 64

The IEP team for Max must determine the appropriate instructional approach for his program.What are the six factors they should consider as they make their determination?

Question 65

Intellectual disabilities are easy and singularly faceted.

Question 66

Based on the 1992 AAIDD levels of support classification model, a person with chronic health care needs would be classified as an individual requiring a pervasive level of support.

Question 67

The more severe the level of intellectual disability, the less likely that a particular cause of the intellectual disability can be determined.

Question 68

In early civilization, infanticide was practiced when children were born with perceived defects.

Question 69

Cooperative learning is a popular instructional strategy for teaching pupils with intellectual disabilities in inclusive settings.

Question 70

What is the instructional technique used when a teacher takes a student into the natural environment to teach skills in the real settings in which they will be used?

Question 71

The prevalence of intellectual disabilities has increased over time as a result of the development of more effective methods for identification and diagnosis.

Question 72

Increased age of the mother causes Down syndrome.

Question 73

Most students who have intellectual disabilities are educated outside of the regular classroom.

Question 74

The deinstitutionalization movement in the United States helped to move persons with intellectual disabilities into residential settings based in the community.

Question 75

Name two characteristics of persons with intellectual disabilities that affect learning.

Question 76

The term mental retardation is still widely used for citizenship and many legal services, health care, income support, and housing.

Question 77

An IQ score should be viewed as only one piece of the diagnostic puzzle.

Question 78

Life expectancies for people with Down syndrome have increased dramatically over the past several decades as a result of medical advances.

Question 79

There is a subset of the population of persons with intellectual disabilities that educators consider to be uneducable.

Question 80

Provide an example of a skill from a functional curriculum that may be taught to a student with intellectual disabilities.