Deck 14: Biotechnology and Society

Question 1

Which of the following statements is correct concerning the current regulation of genetically modified foods by the FDA?

A) They are not allowed for human consumption.
B) They are allowed in plant products but not in animal products.
C) They are allowed in animal products but not in plant products.
D) Labelling of genetically modified foods is not required.
E) Only genetically modified food grown in the USA is allowed.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In DNA profiles

A) the bands are derived from variation in restriction cutting sites of DNA.
B) ideally, the pattern is unique for all individuals except identical twins.
C) variations in short tandem repeats produce the banding pattern.
D) all of these are true.
E) none of these are true.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following tissues that can be formed by embryonic stem cells is of particular interest in stem cell research?

A) muscle
B) bone
C) skin
D) liver
E) blood

Answer 3

A

Question 4

One of the concerns with the use of genetically-engineered, herbicide-resistant crops is _________.

A) decreased yields
B) potential allergic reactions
C) transfer of herbicide resistance to weeds
D) loss of genetic diversity
E) the expense of using herbicides

Question 5

Before insulin from recombinant DNA became available, diabetics used insulin dervived from cadavers.

Question 6

The application of recombinant DNA technology to forensic cases requires all of the following EXCEPT

A) cloning of the DNA.
B) establishment of DNA profiles.
C) DNA sequencing.
D) STR analysis.
E) none of these.

Question 7

Transgenic Bt crops have been genetically modified to

A) resist common herbicides.
B) have increased protein content.
C) produce an insecticide.
D) be tolerant of salt in the soil.
E) grow faster.

Question 8

Transgenic animals are valuable in the study of human diseases for which of the following reasons?

A) They can manifest the same symptoms as human diseases.
B) They can be used to study the development and progress of human diseases.
C) They can be used to test drugs on.
D) They can be cloned and thus have identical genomes.
E) All of these are reasons why transgenic animals are valuable in the study of human diseases.

Question 9

The first organisms used in recombinant DNA technology were ___________.

A) fungi
B) bacteria
C) sheep
D) cows
E) humans

Question 10

What is the value of having transgenic mice with the human gene for Huntington's disease (HD)?

A) The mice can be sacrificed and their brains examined to learn about the early stages of the disease.
B) The mice can be used to screen possible anti-HD drugs.
C) The mice are much more numerous and available for study than human patients.
D) The mice can be used to screen possible anti-HD drugs and are much more numerous and available for study than human patients.
E) All of these.

Question 11

What were the results of the DNA profiling of the remains of the last czar of Russia (Czar Nicholas Romanov II) and his family?

A) The daughter, Anastasia, was not among the family members.
B) Both the son and one of the daughters were missing from the remains.
C) None of the remains were those of the czar or his family.
D) The czar himself was not among those whose remains were found.
E) The czar and all of his family were accounted for in the remains.

Question 12

Individuals with Pompe disease are unable to metabolize ___________.

A) glycogen
B) lactose
C) insulin
D) cellulose
E) fats

Question 13

Which one of the following statements best summarizes the use of transgenic crops over the last 10 years?

A) It has increased significantly in both industrialized and developing nations.
B) It has increased significantly, but only in industrialized nations that have the expertise.
C) It has increased significantly, but only in developing nations where regulations are loose or non-existent.
D) It has barely increased at all because of technical difficulties and safety concerns.
E) It has fallen due to technical difficulties and safety concerns.

Question 14

Once a gene has been cloned, it can be used for

A) disease diagnosis.
B) detecting heterozygotes in the population.
C) making biosynthetic products for commercial use.
D) all of these.
E) none of these.

Question 15

DNA tests on remains thought to be those of Czar Nicholas Romanov II of Russia proved the remains were his.

Question 16

Typically, to grow transgenic plants, the vector with the inserted gene is

A) an egg cell.
B) a pollen cell.
C) a pollen cell that is then fused with an egg cell.
D) plant cell that is then cultured to produce a whole plant.
E) all of these techniques are widely used.

Question 17

Golden rice was developed to deal with problems of ____________ deficiency.

A) vitamin D
B) vitamin A
C) protein
D) carbohydrate
E) niacin

Question 18

In the creation of a DNA profile, what type of DNA is used?

A) Microsatellites
B) Short tandem repeats
C) Introns
D) Transposons
E) Fragment length polymorphisms

Question 19

Embryonic stem cells derived from blastocysts are called pluripotent because they ________.

A) are viable under a wide range of laboratory conditions
B) can form most cells, tissues, and organs of the human body
C) can form all cells, tissues, and organs of the human body
D) are viable under a wide range of laboratory conditions and can form most cells, tissues, and organs of the human body
E) are viable under a wide range of laboratory conditions and can form all cells, tissues, and organs of the human body

Question 20

Before biotechnology, human proteins used in treatment of diseases were

A) not available.
B) synthesized chemically.
C) substituted for by similar animal proteins.
D) harvested from blood or cadavers.
E) substituted for by similar animal proteins and harvested from blood or cadavers only

Question 21

In a forensic test done using two loci, the chance of a match between the two samples from one locus is 1 in 400, and at the second locus it is 1 in 1000. The overall probability that the two samples match by chance is ____________________.

Question 22

Pompe disease is related to the inability to metabolize lactose.

Question 23

Hundreds of thousands of vitamin A deficiencies, and its resulting blindness, may be avoided with the use of genetically modified ____________________.

Question 24

A ____________________ organism is one that carries a gene that has been transferred to it from another species.

Question 25

Bt crops contain a gene making them resistant to common herbicides.

Question 26

The use of recombinant DNA technology to produce commercial products is ______________.

Question 27

Transgenic corn that contains a gene for herbicide resistance has raised concerns about its safety and has been kept off the market.

Question 28

The USDA requires that food products from genetically modified organisms be clearly labeled as such.

Question 29

The most common use of DNA evidence in legal proceedings is ____________________.

Question 30

GAA, used to treat Pompe disease, is now synthesized by ____________.

Question 31

Before the use of recombinant DNA blood clotting factor, many hemophiliacs faced the danger of contracting ____________.

Question 32

Human insulin is produced in transgenic hamster cells.

Question 33

The human protein used to treat Pompe disease is collected from the ____________________ of transgenic rabbits

Question 34

Before clotting factors from recombinant DNA became available, less than half of hemophiliacs in the U.S. acquired HIV from injection of clotting factors obtained from blood samples.

Question 35

Transgenic plants produced by biotechnology contain fewer introduced genes than altered plants obtained by traditional breeding methods.

Question 36

Mutations at the cutting site of restriction enzymes always lead to shorter fragments.

Question 37

In genetically altered mice, genes are transferred by injection into ____________________ that are ____________________ into a foster mother.

Question 38

Transgenic hamsters have been created as models of human Huntington's disease.

Question 39

The first commercial product made with recombinant DNA techniques was ____________________.

Question 40

Animal genes cannot function in plants.

Question 41

Summarize the various different uses for transgenic animals and plants.

Question 42

What are some potential problems that might result from the release of genetically engineered organisms into the environment?

Question 43

Do you think the widespread availability of human gene products such as growth hormone will lead to abuse in athletics, such as that associated with anabolic steroids? If not, why not?

Question 44

Some states are setting up archives of DNA profiles for all convicted criminals. Should this be extended to all citizens and become part of their basic medical records?

Question 45

Pluripotent cells are taken from the ____________ of a blastocyst.

Question 46

If the only solid evidence against a capital murder suspect in a trial were DNA profiles from hair taken from the crime scene and the suspect's DNA, what chance of an "accidental match" would be small enough for you to feel that the suspect is guilty "beyond reasonable doubt?"

Question 47

What is the point of creating transgenic animals to provide models of human disease, rather than studying the disease in humans?

Question 48

Monarch butterflies are a beloved species. They feed almost exclusively on milkweed. Why are people concerned about monarchs feeding on milkweed growing near fields in which Bt crops are grown?

Question 49

Because embryonic stem cells can form any tissue in the human body, they are termed
_____________; adult stem cells, on the other hand, are termed ______________.

Question 50

Why might plants or animals, rather than bacteria, be chosen to produce human gene products?

Question 51

Rape (from which canola oil is produced), sunflowers, and soybeans have been genetically modified to enhance production of ___________ fatty acids.

Question 52

Does it seem likely that a DNA match in a DNA profiling case could be erroneously found on the basis of contamination or degradation of DNA samples?

Question 53

Approximately _______ percent to ________ percent of processed foods in supermarkets are genetically modified.