Deck 13: Kidney and Its Collecting System

Question 1

A 5-year-old boy is taken to the pediatrician because of generalized facial edema and somnolence. He has been passing dark brown urine. Physical examination reveals hypertension. Urinalysis shows oliguria, hematuria, proteinuria, and red blood cell casts. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Rapidly progressive acute renal failure
D) Chronic uremia
E) Nephrolithiasis

Answer 1

Nephritic syndrome

Question 2

The PKD1 gene encoding polycystin-1 is a large integral membrane protein. It is typically found in persons who have which of the following diseases?

A) Childhood polycystic kidney disease
B) Adult polycystic disease
C) Adult onset renal medullary cystic disease
D) Glomerulocystic disease
E) Acquired renal cystic disease

Answer 2

Adult polycystic disease

Question 3

The normal glomerular basement membrane is composed of which type of collagen?

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV
E) Type V

Answer 3

Type IV

Question 4

This nephrectomy specimen shows a lesion in the kidney of a 63-year-old man. The lesion is most likely related to

A) a deletion of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene
B) a mutation of myc oncogene
C) an amplification of ras oncogene
D) a loss of bcl-2 proapoptotic gene
E) an aflatoxin related carcinogen

Question 5

Which kidney disease characterized by nephrotic syndrome, microscopic hematuria, and glomerular deposits of C3 complement and properdin is caused by an autoantibody called C3 nephritic factor?

A) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II
B) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
C) Membranous nephropathy
D) IgA nephropathy
E) Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis

Question 6

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis caused by mixed cryoglobulinemia is most often secondary to which of the following diseases?

A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Multiple myeloma
C) Membranous nephropathy
D) Amyloidosis
E) Human immunodeficiency virus infection

Question 7

A 30-year-old heroin addict who is positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is hospitalized because of generalized edema. Laboratory studies show proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and lipiduria. Which of the following diseases is most likely to be diagnosed by a biopsy of the kidney?

A) Lipoid nephrosis
B) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
C) Membranous nephropathy
D) IgA nephropathy
E) Amyloidosis