Deck 13: Politics and the Economy in Global Perspective.

Question 1

According to sociologist Max Weber, __________ authority is power that is legitimized on the basis of long-standing custom.

A)charismatic
B)traditional
C)coercive
D)rational-legal

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The __________ is the political entity that possesses a legitimate monopoly over the use of force within its territory to achieve its goals.

A)government
B)state
C)bureaucracy
D)executive branch

Answer 2

B

Question 3

There are several characteristics of charismatic authority. Which of the following was not a characteristic discussed?

A)It tends to be temporary and relatively unstable.
B)It derives primarily from individual leaders.
C)It often becomes legitimized on the basis of long-standing custom.
D)It is usually limited to a small number of faithful followers.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

__________ is the formal organization that has the legal and political authority to regulate the relationships among members of a society and between the society and those outside its borders.

A)Government
B)Economics
C)Politics
D)The military

Question 5

People have a greater tendency to accept authority as legitimate if they are __________ dependent on those who hold power. They may also accept authority more readily if it reflects their own beliefs and values.

A)economically or politically
B)institutionally or economically
C)politically or culturally
D)culturally or institutionally

Question 6

__________ is the area of sociology that primarily focuses on the social circumstances of politics and explores how the political arena and its actors are intertwined with social institutions such as the economy, religion, education, and the media

A)Governmental sociology
B)Institutional sociology
C)Political sociology
D)Cultural sociology

Question 7

Gender, race, and class are closely intertwined with traditional authority. Political scientist Zillah Eisenstein suggests that __________, which is the continual interplay of race and gender, reinforces traditional structures of power in contemporary societies.

A)racialized patriarchy
B)patriarchal colonization
C)ethnic genderization
D)gendered ethnicity

Question 8

British kings and queens historically traced their authority from God. Members of subordinate classes obey a leader's edicts out of economic and political dependency and sometimes personal loyalty. This example illustrates __________.

A)coercive authority
B)rational-legal authority
C)charismatic authority
D)traditional authority

Question 9

Sociologist Max Weber outlined three ideal types of authority. Which of the following was not an ideal type of authority identified?

A)charismatic authority
B)traditional authority
C)coercive authority
D)rational-legal authority

Question 10

Individuals such as Hitler and Martin Luther King, Jr. would be characterized as what type of leader?

A)traditional
B)charismatic
C)rational-legal
D)coercive

Question 11

Sociologist G. William Domhoff argues that the media __________.

A)tends to be totally neutral in news coverage
B)tends to reflect the biases of those with access to them
C)are more powerful than government officials
D)are more powerful than corporate leaders

Question 12

__________ is the social institution through which power is acquired and exercised by some people and groups.

A)Government
B)Economics
C)Politics
D)Religion

Question 13

__________ is the ability of persons or groups to achieve their goals despite opposition from others. Through the use of persuasion, authority, or force, some people are able to get others to submit to their demands.

A)Authority
B)Power
C)Control
D)Leverage

Question 14

Regarding power, several factors were identified. Which of the following factors was not cited in the textbook?

A)Power is a social relationship that involves both leaders and followers.
B)Power is a dimension in the structure of social stratification.
C)Persons in positions of power control valuable resources of society.
D)The most basic form of power is political influence.

Question 15

According to sociologist Max Weber, __________ authority is power legitimized on the basis of a leader's exceptional personal qualities or the demonstration of extraordinary insight and accomplishment that inspire loyalty and obedience from followers.

A)charismatic
B)traditional
C)coercive
D)rational-legal

Question 16

Journalists are most likely to identify themselves politically as

A)Republicans.
B)Democrats.
C)Independents.
D)non-political.

Question 17

Although the most basic form of power is physical violence or force, most political leaders do not want to base their power on force alone; they seek to legitimize their power by turning it into __________, which is the power that people accept as legitimate rather than coercive.

A)control
B)leverage
C)authority
D)political influence

Question 18

Which of the following statements concerning programs like The Daily Show and The Colbert Report is false?

A)In recent years, more TV viewers have tuned in to these types of shows and away from network newscasts.
B)Studies show these programs are far less substantial than the regular nightly TV newscasts.
C)Viewers tune in to these shows for both entertainment and information.
D)The line between these types of shows and the regular TV newscasts have become blurred

Question 19

Which of the following statements concerning the media is true?

A)The radio and TV industries earn about $88 billion annually.These two earn more than newspapers, movies, and book publicly controlled.
B)All the media outlets in the U.S.are privately owned.
C)The top ten newspaper chains control about half of the total U.S.weekday newspaper circulation.
D)Viewers can readily distinguish between "reality" shows and "real" news.

Question 20

Contributions made outside the limits set forth by federal election laws are called

A)participatory contributions.
B)non-regulated contributions.
C)soft money
D)non-partisan money

Question 21

__________ is a political system in which power resides in one person or family and is passed from generation to generation through lines of inheritance.

A)Monarchy
B)Totalitarianism
C)Communism
D)Democracy

Question 22

In __________ monarchies, rulers depend on powerful members of the nobility to retain their thrones and are not considered to be above the law.

A)constitutional
B)limited
C)absolute
D)total

Question 23

In a __________, the government bureaucracy is the apparatus responsible for creating and enforcing rules in the public interest. Sociologist Max Weber believed that this authority was the only means to attain efficient, flexible, and competent regulation under a rule of law.

A)traditional system of authority
B)charismatic system authority
C)coercive system of authority
D)rational-legal system of authority

Question 24

Although the U.S. Constitution grants __________ authority to the office of the presidency, a president who fails to uphold the public trust may be removed from office.

A)traditional
B)rational-legal
C)charismatic
D)coercive

Question 25

__________ is a political system in which the state seeks to regulate all aspects of people's public and private lives.

A)Democracy
B)Totalitarianism
C)Monarchy
D)Authoritarianism

Question 26

In dictatorships, power is gained and held by a single individual. Pure dictatorships are rare; all rulers need the support of the military and the backing of business elites to maintain their position. Dictatorships occur in nation-states with __________ political systems.

A)constitutional monarchy
B)totalitarianism
C)authoritarianism
D)democratic

Question 27

__________ is a political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government.

A)Authoritarianism
B)Totalitarianism
C)Monarchy
D)Democracy

Question 28

In __________ monarchies, the royalty serve as symbolic rulers or heads of state while actual authority is held by elected officials in the national parliaments.

A)constitutional
B)limited
C)absolute
D)total

Question 29

__________ emerge as countries develop specific geographic territories and acquire greater ability to defend their borders. Improvements in communication and transportation make it possible for people in a large geographic area to share a common language and culture.

A)Nation-states
B)Commonwealths
C)Metropolises
D)City-states

Question 30

The __________ of charisma occurs when charismatic authority is succeeded by a bureaucracy controlled by a rationally established authority or by a combination of traditional and bureaucratic authority.

A)traditionalization
B)bureaucratization
C)routinization
D)modernization

Question 31

__________ authority is held by elected or appointed government officials and by officers in a formal organization. However, authority is invested in the office, not in the person who holds the office.

A)Charismatic
B)Traditional
C)Rational-legal
D)Coercive

Question 32

__________ result when military officers seize power from the government, as has happened in recent decades in Argentina, Chile, and Haiti.

A)Absolute monarchies
B)Military juntas
C)Dictatorships
D)Direct participatory democracies.

Question 33

The royal families in the United Kingdom, Sweden, Spain, and the Netherlands are present?day examples of __________.

A)absolute monarchies
B)limited monarchies
C)constitutional monarchies
D)total monarchies

Question 34

According to sociologist Max Weber, __________ authority is power legitimized by law or written rules and regulations.

A)charismatic
B)traditional
C)coercive
D)rational-legal

Question 35

Approximately 190 nation-states currently exist throughout the world, and several political systems are found within them. Which of the following political systems is not found in nation-states?

A)monarchy
B)communism
C)authoritarianism
D)totalitarianism

Question 36

In __________ monarchies, a powerful figure claims a hereditary right to rule (based on membership in a noble family) or a divine right to rule (a God-given right to rule that legitimizes the exercise of power).

A)constitutional
B)limited
C)absolute
D)total

Question 37

Rational-legal authority is also known as __________ authority, which is based on an organizational structure that includes a clearly defined division of labor, hierarchy of authority, formal rules, and impersonality

A)bureaucratic
B)routinized
C)democratic
D)capitalistic

Question 38

Political institutions first emerged in __________ societies as they acquired surpluses and developed greater social inequality. Elites took control of politics and used custom or traditional authority to justify their position.

A)horticultural and pastoral
B)agrarian
C)industrialized
D)hunting and gathering

Question 39

A __________ is a unit of political organization that has recognizable national boundaries and whose citizens possess specific legal rights and obligations.

A)city-state
B)metropolis
C)commonwealth
D)nation-state

Question 40

__________ relies on modern technology to monitor and control people; mass propaganda and electronic surveillance are widely used to influence people's thinking and control their actions.

A)Monarchy
B)Authoritarianism
C)Totalitarianism
D)Democracy

Question 41

The pluralist model is rooted in a __________ perspective which assumes that people share a consensus on central concerns, such as freedom and protection from harm, and that the government serves important functions no other institution can fulfill.

A)conflict
B)symbolic interactionist
C)functionalist
D)postmodernist

Question 42

Although __________ theorists acknowledge that the government serves a number of important purposes in society, they assert that government exists for the benefit of wealthy or politically powerful elites who use the government to impose their will on the masses.

A)postmodern
B)symbolic interactionist
C)conflict
D)functionalist

Question 43

Representative democracy is not always equally accessible to all people in a nation. The ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 provided __________.

A)full voting rights for African American
B)equal rights to people of color
C)full voting rights for women
D)desegregated public schools in the South

Question 44

According to C. Wright Mills, the media

A)were the "watchdogs for the public."
B)reliably reported what the public needed to know.
C)were among the first to discover government dishonesty.
D)perceived the public to accept the status quo.

Question 45

According to sociologist __________, the power elite is made up of leaders at the top of business, the executive branch of the federal government, and the military.

A)Karl Marx
B)Robert Merton
C)Emile Durkheim
D)C.Wright Mills

Question 46

One example of a(n) __________ regime was the National Socialist (Nazi) party in Germany during World War II; military leaders there sought to control all aspects of national life, not just government operations.

A)totalitarian
B)democratic
C)monarchy
D)authoritarian

Question 47

Examples of __________ include the AFL-CIO (representing the majority of labor unions) and citizen groups such as the American Conservative Union and Zero Population Growth.

A)special interest groups
B)power elites
C)ruling class
D)political action committees

Question 48

According to sociologist __________, the purpose of government is to socialize people to be good citizens, to regulate the economy so that it operates effectively, and to provide necessary services for citizens.

A)Karl Marx
B)Emile Durkheim
C)Robert Merton
D)Herbert Spencer

Question 49

In the United States, people have a voice in the government through __________, whereby citizens elect representatives to serve as bridges between themselves and the government.

A)direct participatory democracy
B)representative democracy
C)symbolic democracy
D)independent involvement democracy

Question 50

__________ are organizations of special interest groups that solicit contributions from donors and fund campaigns to help elect (or defeat) candidates based on their stances on specific issues.

A)Political action committees
B)Pressure groups
C)Lobby groups
D)Power elites

Question 51

__________ are political coalitions made up of individuals or groups that share a specific interest they wish to protect or advance with the help of the political system.

A)Political action committees
B)Power elites
C)Special interest groups
D)Ruling class

Question 52

According to the __________ model, power in political systems is widely dispersed throughout many competing interest groups.

A)pluralist
B)elite
C)distributive
D)ruling class

Question 53

Contemporary functionalists state that there are four main functions of government. Which of the following was not cited as a main function of government?

A)maintaining law and order
B)planning and directing society
C)handling international relations, including warfare
D)ensuring intimacy within the family

Question 54

Which of the following is a false statement concerning C. Wright Mills and his view of the media and journalists?

A)He presented his views in the book, The Power Elite.
B)He argued that media communication involves a limited number of people who communicate to the masses.
C)He believed that audiences have an effective way of answering back making mass media a two-way process.
D)He would have argued that modern technologies like cell phones and email would have no real impact on how our views form.

Question 55

To keep people from rebelling, __________ governments enforce conformity. People are denied the right to assemble for political purposes, access to information is strictly controlled, and secret police enforce compliance, creating an environment of constant fear and suspicion.

A)authoritarian
B)monarchy
C)totalitarian
D)democratic

Question 56

__________ is a political system in which the people hold the ruling power either directly or through elected representatives.

A)Totalitarianism
B)Democracy
C)Monarchy
D)Authoritarianism

Question 57

According to the __________ model, power in political systems is concentrated in the hands of a small group and the masses are relatively powerless.

A)pluralist
B)ruling class
C)elite
D)dominant group

Question 58

In a mass society the dominant type of communication is what?

A)interpersonal networks
B)the formal media
C)cell phones
D)family and friends

Question 59

__________ requires that citizens be able to meet together regularly to debate and decide the issues of the day.

A)Representative democracy
B)Symbolic democracy
C)Direct participatory democracy
D)Independent involvement democracy

Question 60

The U.S. Constitution requires that each state have __________ senators and a minimum of __________ member in the House of Representatives. The current size of the House of Representatives (435 seats) has not changed since the apportionment following the 1910 census.

A)four; one
B)one; three
C)three; two
D)two; one

Question 61

Steel workers who process metal ore and autoworkers who then convert the ore into automobiles, trucks, and buses are engaged in __________ production.

A)quartiary sector
B)tertiary sector
C)secondary sector
D)primary sector

Question 62

__________ percent of the voting-age population of the United States (age 18 and older) voted in the 2004 presidential election.

A)Slightly over 54
B)About 60
C)Slightly over 65
D)Nearly 70

Question 63

Ideal capitalism has four distinctive features. Which of the following is not a feature of Ideal capitalism?

A)private ownership of the means of production
B)pursuit of personal profit
C)competition
D)increased government intervention

Question 64

The Iron Triangle is also referred to as the __________, which results in the mutual interdependence of the military establishment and private military contractors.

A)military economy
B)permanent war economy
C)military-industrial complex
D)arms industry

Question 65

Political __________ is the process by which people learn political attitudes, values, and behavior.

A)socialization
B)participation
C)conformity
D)persuasion

Question 66

__________ includes a wide range of activities, such as fast-food service, transportation, communication, education, real estate, advertising, sports, and entertainment.

A)Primary sector production
B)Secondary sector production
C)Tertiary sector production
D)Quartiary sector production

Question 67

Most workers in preindustrial economies (such as hunting and gathering, horticultural and pastoral, and agrarian societies) engage in __________ production, which is the extraction of raw materials and natural resources from the environment.

A)secondary sector
B)tertiary sector
C)primary sector
D)quartiary sector

Question 68

A __________ is an organization whose purpose is to gain and hold legitimate control of government; it is usually composed of people with similar attitudes, interests, and socioeconomic status.

A)power elite
B)populist group
C)political party
D)pluralist interest group

Question 69

__________ is an economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, from which personal profits can be derived through market competition and without government intervention.

A)Capitalism
B)Socialism
C)Imperialism
D)Authoritarianism

Question 70

In industrial economies, __________ refers to the processing of raw materials into finished goods.

A)Primary sector production
B)Secondary sector production
C)Tertiary sector production
D)Quartiary sector production

Question 71

Political parties create a __________, which is a formal statement of the party's political positions on various social and economic issues.

A)policy
B)regulation
C)platform
D)principle

Question 72

Sociologist Joe Feagin cited several features of the Iron Triangle. Which of the following Feature was not cited?

A)The Iron Triangle has a revolving door of money, influence, and jobs involving trillions of dollars.
B)Most of the relationships in this arrangement are relatively short?lived.
C)Military contractors who receive contracts from the Defense Department serve on the advisory committees that recommend what weapons they believe are needed.
D)Many people move around the triangle from job to job.

Question 73

A postindustrial economy is based on __________ production, which is the provision of services rather than goods as a primary source of livelihood for workers and profit for owners and corporate shareholders.

A)primary sector
B)secondary sector
C)tertiary sector
D)quartiary sector

Question 74

Portions of contemporary sub-Saharan Africa have a relatively high rate of exports in commodities, and foreign direct investment is concentrated in mineral extraction. This is an example of __________ production.

A)primary sector
B)secondary sector
C)tertiary sector
D)quartiary sector

Question 75

__________ argue that people stay away from the polls because they feel alienated from politics at all levels of government-federal, state, and local-due to political corruption and influence peddling by special interests and large corporations.

A)Marxists
B)Liberals
C)Authoritarians
D)Conservatives

Question 76

__________ are tangible objects that are necessary (such as food, clothing, and shelter) or desired (such as DVDs and electric toothbrushes).

A)Products
B)Materials
C)Assets
D)Goods

Question 77

__________ are intangible activities for which people are willing to pay (such as dry cleaning, a movie, or medical care).

A)Services
B)Goods
C)Labor
D)Products

Question 78

__________ are large-scale organizations that have legal powers, such as the ability to enter into contracts, and buy and sell property, separate from their individual owners.

A)Corporations
B)Economic concentrations
C)Conglomerates
D)Interlocking directorates

Question 79

__________ is the social institution that ensures the maintenance of society through the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

A)Education
B)The economy
C)Politics
D)The mass media

Question 80

According to some __________ analysts, people may not vote because they are satisfied with the status quo or because they are apathetic and uninformed-they lack an understanding of both public issues and the basic processes of government.

A)liberals
B)Marxists
C)conservatives
D)authoritarians