Deck 2: Summarizing Data: Frequency Distributions in Tables and Graphs

Question 1

A simple frequency distribution

A) can be used to summarize grouped data.
B) can be used to summarize ungrouped data.
C) summarizes the frequency of scores in a given category or range.
D) all of these

Answer 1

all of these

Question 2

Which of the following requires the calculation of a real range?

A) frequency distributions for categorical
B) frequency distributions for ungrouped data
C) frequency distributions for grouped data
D) frequency distributions that do not use real data

Answer 2

frequency distributions for grouped data

Question 3

Fill in the missing values for A and B in this frequency distribution table:

A) A = 3.2, B = 13
B) A = 3.1, B = 14
C) A = 3.3, B = 13
D) There is not enough information to complete this table.

Answer 3

A = 3.2, B = 13

Question 4

Grouped data can be distributed

A) as a range of values.
B) with upper and lower boundaries.
C) into intervals.
D) all of these.

Question 5

A researcher summarizes a set of frequency data into five intervals.This is an example of a frequency distribution for

A) ungrouped data.
B) grouped data.
C) inferential statistics.
D) population parameters.

Question 6

A researcher distributes frequencies into the following intervals: 3-6,7-10,11-15,16-18,19-22,and 23-26.What is wrong with this frequency distribution?

A) The interval width is too small.
B) The interval width is unequal.
C) The first class interval does not begin at 0.
D) One interval is an open class.

Question 7

To determine the interval width,we divide the ______ by the number of intervals.

A) observed range
B) exclusive range
C) real range
D) all of these

Question 8

A researcher distributes frequencies into the following intervals: 1-10,11-20,21-30,31-40,41-50,and 51 and above.What is wrong with this frequency distribution?

A) The interval width is too small.
B) The interval width is unequal.
C) The class intervals overlap.
D) One interval is an open class.

Question 9

State the problem with this simple frequency distribution.

A) The interval width is too small.
B) The interval width is unequal.
C) The class intervals overlap.
D) The number of intervals is too small.

Question 10

The range of scores in each interval of a grouped frequency distribution is called the

A) simple frequency.
B) interval width.
C) real range.
D) grouped data.

Question 11

The following frequency distribution is an example of

A) grouped data.
B) ungrouped data.
C) categorical data.
D) ungrouped data and categorical data.

Question 12

Grouped data are distributed into ______,whereas ungrouped data are distributed into ______.

A) intervals; statistics
B) statistics; intervals
C) intervals; categories
D) categories; intervals

Question 13

A researcher distributes frequencies into the following classes: absent,tardy,present.What type of data are distributed?

A) nominal data
B) qualitative data
C) ungrouped data
D) all of these

Question 14

Grouped data are to ungrouped data as

A) continuous is to discrete.
B) qualitative is to quantitative.
C) inferential is to descriptive.
D) descriptive is to inferential.

Question 15

As a general rule,a simple frequency distribution should have between

A) 3 and 6 intervals.
B) 5 and 10 intervals.
C) 8 and 12 intervals.
D) 5 and 20 intervals.

Question 16

The three steps for constructing a simple frequency distribution are

A) find the observed range, find the interval width, and construct the frequency distribution.
B) find the real range, count the scores, and construct the frequency distribution.
C) find the real range, find the interval width, and construct the frequency distribution.
D) all of these

Question 17

When cumulating frequencies from the bottom up,the data are discussed in terms of

A) at most.
B) less than.
C) at or below.
D) all of these.

Question 18

When cumulating frequencies from the top down,the data are discussed in terms of

A) greater than.
B) at or above.
C) at least.
D) all of these.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a rule for constructing a simple frequency distribution?

A) The number of intervals should equal the number of values measured.
B) Each interval is equidistant.
C) No class interval overlaps.
D) At least five class intervals are included.

Question 20

Ungrouped data can be distributed as

A) intervals.
B) categories.
C) upper and lower boundaries.
D) all of these.

Question 21

A researcher finds that 12 persons in a sample of 60 reported getting between 4 and 6 hr of sleep per night.What is the relative percentage for this interval?

A) 24%
B) 22%
C) 20%
D) There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 22

A researcher finds that 12% of participants make between three and five visits to a physician each year.What are the real limits for this interval?

A) 3-5
B) 2.5-5.5
C) 2.5-3.5
D) equal to the sum of the products for the previous interval

Question 23

A percentile point is

A) the value of a score on a measurement scale below which a specified percentage of scores in a distribution falls.
B) a summary display that distributes the sum of percentages across a series of intervals.
C) an interval with no defined upper or lower boundary.
D) the range of values contained in each interval of a grouped frequency distribution.

Question 24

A relative frequency distribution is appropriate when

A) there are large frequency counts in each interval.
B) the data are grouped into relatively small intervals.
C) there are open classes.
D) the interval width is too large.

Question 25

The following is a simple frequency distribution table.Suppose we convert this table to a cumulative frequency distribution.The frequencies in each interval of the cumulative frequency distribution would be

A) 5, 8, 10, 14, and 20 (top down summary).
B) 6, 10, 12, 15, and 20 (bottom up summary).
C) both 5, 8, 10, 14, and 20 (top down summary) and 6, 10, 12, 15, and 20 (bottom up summary), depending on how the data were summarized.
D) it is not possible to summarize the data using a cumulative frequency distribution.

Question 26

A percentile is

A) a percentile point.
B) a value between -1 and +1.
C) a raw score multiplied times 100.
D) only used with ungrouped data.

Question 27

The sum of relative frequencies for each interval is ______.

A) 1.00
B) 100%
C) equal to the total number of scores in a distribution
D) both 1.00 and 100%

Question 28

The ______ is the percentage of scores with values that fall below a specified score in a distribution.

A) percentile rank
B) interval
C) relative frequency
D) percentile point

Question 29

What is the corresponding percentile of a percentile point?

A) the score
B) the frequency
C) the percentile rank
D) always 100%

Question 30

What is the percentile point at the 90th percentile in the following distribution?

A) 9
B) 10
C) 9.5
D) 10.5

Question 31

A graphical display for grouped frequency distributions with continuous data is called a

A) histogram.
B) bar chart.
C) pie chart.
D) scatter gram.

Question 32

A ______ is plotted at the midpoint of each interval,whereas a(n)______ is plotted at the upper boundary of each interval.

A) histogram; bar chart
B) frequency polygon; histogram
C) frequency polygon; ogive
D) histogram; frequency polygon

Question 33

The following is a simple frequency distribution table.If we convert this frequency distribution to relative percentages,which of the following gives the corresponding relative percentages in each interval?

A) 20%, 33%, 50%, 67%, and 100%
B) 0.2, 0.13, 0.17, 0.33, and 0.17
C) 20%, 13%, 17%, 33%, and 17%
D) 6, 10, 15, 25, and 30

Question 34

What is the percentile point at the 80th percentile in the following distribution?

A) 2
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8

Question 35

What is the percentile point at the 50th percentile for the following distribution?

A) 21
B) 23.5
C) 25
D) 25.5

Question 36

A psychologist wants to know how many of her clients continue with therapy for at least 12 days.If she constructs a frequency distribution for these data,what type of distribution would be most appropriate to answer her question?

A) a cumulative frequency distribution from the bottom up
B) a cumulative frequency distribution from the top down
C) a simple frequency distribution
D) a relative frequency distribution

Question 37

A cumulative percentage summary that indicates the percentage of scores at or below a given value is called a

A) relative percentage.
B) relative frequency.
C) percentile rank.
D) cumulative frequency.

Question 38

A student scores in the 80th percentile on an exam.What does this mean in comparison to all other students?

A) The student scored higher than 80% of all others who took the exam.
B) The student scored worse than 80% of all others who took the exam.
C) Of all those who took the exam, only 80% of them completed it.
D) The student would score the same grade on the exam 80% of the time.

Question 39

A researcher wants to determine how many participants will take less than 24 s to complete a cognitive performance task.If he constructs a frequency distribution for these data,what type of distribution would be most appropriate to answer his question?

A) a simple frequency distribution
B) a relative frequency distribution
C) a cumulative frequency distribution from the bottom up
D) a cumulative frequency distribution from the top down

Question 40

A percentile is also called a:

A) score.
B) range.
C) distribution.
D) percentile point.

Question 41

The midpoint of a given interval is the average of the upper and lower boundaries for that interval.

Question 42

In the stem-and-leaf display,each number to the right of the vertical line is referred to as a ______; the numbers to the left of the vertical line are called the ______.

A) stem; leaf
B) leaf; stem
C) digit; place
D) place; digit

Question 43

The data should be ungrouped for the following data set: 6,7,7,7,7,7,7,8,8,8,9,9,9,6,6,6,8,and 7.

Question 44

The data should be grouped for the following data set: 0,0,0,2,2,1,1,2,2,2,1,0,0,0,0,2,2,1,1,1,2,1,2,2,0,0,1,and 2.

Question 45

Ungrouped data are always distributed in intervals.

Question 46

A researcher records the number of children at a local school from married-,divorced-,and single-parent homes.This frequency data would be best displayed as a(n)

A) bar chart.
B) frequency polygon.
C) histogram.
D) ogive.

Question 47

The real range is the difference between the largest value and the smallest value in a data set.

Question 48

A researcher measures the time (in seconds)it takes children to complete a basic reading skills task.What type of graphical display would be most appropriate for summarizing the frequency of children falling into different intervals of time?

A) histogram
B) bar chart
C) scatter gram
D) all of these

Question 49

State the type of graphical display for Graph A and GraphB.

A) A is a bar chart; B is a histogram.
B) B is a bar chart; A is a histogram.
C) Both graphs are bar charts.
D) Both graphs are histograms.

Question 50

An open class is permitted when outliers exist in the data.

Question 51

State the original data displayed in the following stem-and-leaf display.

A) 3, 2, 3, 6, 4, 7, 8, 8, 5, 4, and 9
B) 32, 33, 36, 47, 48, 54, and 59
C) 32, 33, 36, 47, 48, 48, 54, and 59
D) It is not possible to know the original data from this display.

Question 52

Grouped data are used to summarize quantitative data that are continuous or discrete.

Question 53

A researcher measures the weight (in ounces)of newborn infants in the month of March.What type of graphical display would be most appropriate for summarizing the frequency of infants falling into different intervals of weight?

A) histogram
B) bar chart
C) scatter gram
D) all of these

Question 54

Bar charts are a lot like histograms,except

A) the bars displayed in the graph do not touch.
B) the bar chart summarizes quantitative data.
C) the bar chart summarizes continuous data.
D) all of these.

Question 55

Frequency distributions can be used to summarize both grouped and ungrouped data.

Question 56

Which of the following is a type of graphical display used to summarize quantitative,continuous data?

A) histogram
B) frequency polygon
C) ogive
D) all of these

Question 57

To construct a pie chart,first distribute the data as

A) cumulative percentages.
B) relative percentages.
C) cumulative frequencies.
D) cumulative relative percentages.

Question 58

Which of the following is a type of graphical display used to summarize qualitative,discrete data?

A) bar chart
B) pie chart
C) histogram
D) both bar chart and pie chart

Question 59

Summarizing data in a table or graph can make it easier to see patterns in the data.

Question 60

Frequency distributions summarize the average scores in a set of data.

Question 61

A relative frequency is typically used with smaller,but not larger,data sets.

Question 62

A cumulative frequency distribution is the sum of frequencies across a series of intervals.

Question 63

To summarize relative percent data,a pie chart can be a good choice to display the data.

Question 64

A circular graph that displays the relative percentage of a frequency distribution into sectors is called a scatter gram.

Question 65

Cumulative percent data can be summarized using an ogive.

Question 66

Whether you cumulate a frequency distribution from the bottom up or the top down depends on how you want to discuss the data.

Question 67

The corresponding percentile of a given percentile point is the percentile rank of that score.

Question 68

A frequency polygon is a dot-and-line graph where the dot is the upper class boundary of each interval and the line connects each dot.

Question 69

The percentile rank of a score is the percentage of scores with values that fall below a specified score in a distribution.

Question 70

The sum of the frequencies for a distribution is 100.This means that fewer than 100 persons were counted.

Question 71

Twelve percent of students scored at or below a failing grade on an exam.A percentile rank distribution would be appropriate to summarize this outcome.

Question 72

In a bar chart,each class or category is represented by a rectangle and each rectangle is separated (does not touch)along the x-axis.

Question 73

A histogram is used to summarize grouped data.

Question 74

Bar charts are used to summarize discrete and categorical data.

Question 75

Relative frequencies sum to the total frequency count.

Question 76

A stem-and-leaf display retains the value of each data point.

Question 77

A frequency polygon,but not an ogive,can be used to summarize cumulative percent distributions.

Question 78

A histogram is basically a bar chart in which the bars do not touch.

Question 79

A percentile rank is a cumulative percentage distribution summed from the bottom up.

Question 80

Percentages range from 0% to 100% and can never be negative.