Deck 5: Learning

Question 1

Which scenario is an example of habituation?

A) A cat learns that the sound of the electric can opener means that she will be fed soon.
B) A child learns how to turn on the television by watching his father.
C) An infant gradually stops paying attention to a continuous buzzing noise.
D) A dog learns not to chew on his owner's slippers after he is scolded.

Answer 1

An infant gradually stops paying attention to a continuous buzzing noise.

Question 2

Winston turns the water off in the shower when he hears someone flush a toilet so he will not get scalded.However,he does not do this when he hears someone turn on the bathroom sink faucet because he knows it will not scald him.This is because of stimulus ____.

A) generalization
B) reconditioning
C) predictability
D) discrimination

Answer 2

discrimination

Question 3

Sniffy,the rat,has been taught to press a bar in a cage to receive food.The behavior disappears,though,when Sniffy stops receiving food following bar-pressing.Several days later,Sniffy is placed in the cage again,and he immediately began to press the bar.The reappearance of this response is called ____.

A) reconditioning
B) acquisition
C) instantaneous learning
D) spontaneous recovery

Answer 3

spontaneous recovery

Question 4

Shamir reflexively kicks his leg when the doctor taps him on the knee.Then,the doctor begins saying the word "Help" and then tapping Shamir on the knee.After forty-five trials of first saying "Help," followed immediately by tapping the knee,on the forty-sixth trial,Shamir kicks his leg after hearing the word "Help." In this example,the word "Help" is the ____,and Shamir kicking his leg in response to the word "Help" is the ____.

A) unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response
B) unconditioned stimulus; conditioned response
C) conditioned stimulus; unconditioned response
D) conditioned stimulus; conditioned response

Question 5

In psychology,learning is best defined as ____.

A) the modification through experience of preexisting behavior and understanding
B) the systematic organization of information that facilitates later recall and use
C) a temporary change in behavior that results from past experience
D) the adaptation of instinctual responses to new environments

Question 6

According to Solomon's opponent-process theory,extended heroin use creates a conditioned bodily response that ____ the "high" that the user experiences.

A) intensifies
B) prolongs
C) neutralizes
D) causes

Question 7

Every time Bert slices onions,the onions burn his eyes and tears run down his face.One day,he opens the silverware drawer,pulls out the knife that he uses only to peel onions,and immediately starts to shed tears from the sight of the knife.In this situation,the onion is the ____,and the knife is the __________.

A) conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
B) unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus
C) conditioned response; unconditioned response
D) unconditioned response; conditioned response

Question 8

Lenny cannot reach the bathroom shelf where his father keeps the electric toothbrush,but he continues trying,day after day.After seeing his brother use a stool to open the kitchen cupboards,Lenny pushes the stool into the bathroom and uses it to finally get the toothbrush.How would Lenny's behavior be classified by learning theorists?

A) Lenny's new behavior is the result of maturation, not learning.
B) Lenny has learned how to reach the bathroom shelf through associative learning.
C) Lenny has learned to compare his own physical growth with highplaces.
D) Lenny was classically conditioned to use stools to extend his reach.

Question 9

Baby Abbey is playing with her favorite toy rattle when her mom drops an armful of pots and pans behind her.The loud noise makes her startle and cry.Subsequently,on seeing her rattle,she cries.However,Mom continues to give Baby Abbey her favorite rattle and doesn't drop any more pots and pans.We can expect that Baby Abbey's crying when seeing the rattle willsoon be ____.

A) extinguished
B) generalized
C) continued through intermittent reinforcement
D) decreased because of spontaneous recovery

Question 10

Dr.Evil presents the sound of a buzzer to his pet rabbit,and he follows it with the delivery of a small electric shock.After repeated pairings of the buzzer and shock,the rabbit learns to fear the sound of buzzers.Dr.Evil then proceeds to extinguish the rabbit's fear of buzzers.Now suppose that,after extinction,Dr.Evil decides to present the buzzer and shock to the rabbit once again.After only a few pairings,the rabbit will demonstrate ____ and fear the buzzer again.

A) stimulus generalization
B) spontaneous recovery
C) stimulus discrimination
D) reconditioning

Question 11

After Maria drank coffee for the first time in her life,she felt more awake.She then begandrinking coffee every morning.Now when she even smells coffee,she feels more awake.Feeling more awake after just smelling the coffee is the ____.

A) conditioned stimulus
B) unconditioned stimulus
C) conditioned response
D) unconditioned response

Question 12

A relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to experience is known as ____.

A) maturation
B) instinct
C) learning
D) consciousness

Question 13

Bertha becomes conditioned to cry every time she sees an onion chopper because she associates it with cutting onions,which always make her eyes water.For weeks,the onion cutter sits on the counter with no onions.Eventually,she never cries when she sees the cutter.Then the onion cutter disappears for two months,and when Bertha sees it again for the first time,she begins to cry.This response is known as ____.

A) positive reinforcement
B) negative reinforcement
C) spontaneous recovery
D) reconditioning

Question 14

When Ken kisses Barbie,his heart races.For a month,Barbie snapped her fingers just before she kissed him.She stopped snapping her fingers,but now,whenever Ken hears someone snapping their fingers,his heart begins to race.This is an example of ____ conditioning,and finger snapping is the ____.

A) classical; conditioned stimulus
B) operant; conditioned stimulus
C) classical; primary reinforcer
D) operant; primary reinforcer

Question 15

Every time Brandy drops a cricket into the cage of her pet tarantula,Chompers,he begins to salivate.Brandy has gotten in the habit of playing her favorite CD when she feeds Chompers.After several pairings of the cricket and her favorite CD,all Brandy has to do is play the CD and Chompers begins to salivate.In this example,Chompers salivating to the cricket is a(n)____.

A) unconditioned stimulus
B) conditioned stimulus
C) unconditioned response
D) conditioned response

Question 16

If a tone is sounded each time a puff of air is delivered to the eye,the tone alone will eventually produce eye blinks.In this example,the ____ is the conditioned stimulus and the ____is the conditioned response.

A) puff of air; eye blink response to the puff of air
B) puff of air; eye blink response to the tone
C) tone; eye blink response to the puff of air
D) tone; eye blink response to the tone

Question 17

Andre is participating in a psychology study.He is sitting alone in a room and every few seconds,a bright light flashes in front of him.When the light flashes,he blinks.After a while,a phone rings right before the flash of light.Soon,Andre blinks when the phone rings.In this example,the conditioned stimulus is the ____.

A) phone ringing
B) flash of light
C) blinking after the flash
D) blinking after the ringing

Question 18

Ignoring the attention-getting behavior of hyperactive children can be a helpful tool to classroom teachers because often,the frequency of the misbehavior will decrease and even stop.What operant conditioning process does this technique most utilize?

A) negative reinforcement
B) shaping
C) stimulus discrimination
D) extinction

Question 19

In an experiment,a flash of light is paired with a mild electric shock to a subject's finger.After several trials,the subject begins to pull the finger away after seeing the flash of light.The experimenter then begins to present just the flash,but with no shock.After several trials of the latter,the subject will ____.

A) keep pulling his finger away after seeing the light
B) pull his finger away sometimes but not others
C) gradually cease pulling his finger away after the flash of light
D) pull his finger away more quickly on each trial

Question 20

As the months pass,Kurt begins taking more and more heroin as each dose doesn't seem to give him the same high.Eventually,Kurt is addicted to heroin.According to opponent-process theory,____ may be the basis of Kurt's dangerous addiction.

A) sensitization
B) learning
C) habituation
D) classical conditioning

Question 21

Just before being attacked by a mugger while jogging,David had been listening to a saxophone player,watching a mime artist,and smelling the newly mown grass.According to your text,which of these stimuli is most likely to become a conditioned stimulus for fear?

A) watching the mime artist
B) smelling the newly mown grass
C) listening to the saxophone player
D) any one, depending on where David's attention was focused

Question 22

Nic is terrified of going to the dentist office because of the discomfort and pain he has experienced before.The last time Nic had a tooth pulled,he locked his eyes onto his dentist's white coat.Now when Nic sees someone in a white coat,he becomes afraid because the white coat predicts the?experience of pain.This example best demonstrates ____.

A) latent learning
B) reconditioning
C) higher-order conditioning
D) spontaneous recovery

Question 23

Stephanie has learned that if she cries after being put to bed,her parents will often return and pick her up.Crying is a(n)____.

A) conditioned stimulus for Stephanie
B) conditioned response by Stephanie
C) operant response by Stephanie
D) unconditioned response by Stephanie

Question 24

Han is fearful of the powerful Jabba.Han becomes fearful when he hears Jabba's low voice,but also becomes fearful when he hears any low voice.What phenomenon best explains Han's tendency to become fearful when hearing any low voice?

A) extinction
B) reconditioning
C) stimulus generalization
D) stimulus discrimination

Question 25

A dog in a classical conditioning experiment salivates to a continuous buzzer but not to a single bell ring.This is an example of ____.

A) stimulus generalization
B) partial reinforcement extinction effect
C) secondary reinforcement
D) stimulus discrimination

Question 26

Jon eats a hamburger that is contaminated with nasty bacteria.While eating the burger,Jon is watching an episode of the television show Small Wonder.Jon soon develops an aversion to hamburgers,but not to the television program,primarily because of ____.

A) higher-order conditioning
B) stimulus generalization
C) biopreparedness
D) reconditioning

Question 27

Rosie and Ginny decide to eat at a restaurant.When they arrive,they are greeted promptly by the hostess.The waiter is efficient and the food is fantastic! They are likely to return to the restaurant because their decision to eat there was followed by a satisfying experience.This example best?illustrates ____.

A) the law of effect
B) the pleasure principle
C) Michelin's law
D) the Garcia effect

Question 28

Tsvi,a three-month-old baby,stops crying when he hears his parents' OK Computer CD.Now,whenever he begins to cry,his parents play OK Computer.Tsvi's parents' behavior of playing the CD is the result of ____.

A) classical conditioning
B) habituation
C) learned helplessness
D) operant conditioning

Question 29

Charlie Parker has been given several pairings of electric shock while listening to the Debbie Gibson song "Reverse Psychology," and thus,has been successfully conditioned to react with anxiety to the song.Now,instead of being paired with the shock,the song is paired with a flashing green light (a previously neutral stimulus).If Charlie still reacts with anxiety when the green light is flashed without the song,he will have ____.

A) been shaped
B) displayed higher-order conditioning
C) displayed spontaneous conditioning
D) successfully discriminated stimuli

Question 30

Which statement is true of taste-aversion conditioning?

A) It almost never occurs in the animal kingdom.
B) It appears to have an adaptive value.
C) It requires very short time intervals between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.
D) occurs most readily when taste is paired with visual stimuli.

Question 31

Roslyn always used to shop at Penney's because for every purchase over $20,she would get a 10 percent discount.But since Penney's stopped offering this promotion,Roslyn has stopped shopping there.Her shopping behavior is best explained by ____.

A) operant conditioning
B) classical conditioning
C) the principle of generalization
D) systematic desensitization

Question 32

Talon drinks one too many cans of "Jooky" last night.Talon spent the morning vomiting,and now even the smell of Jooky makes Talon nauseous.Talon is experiencing a ____,which can best be explained by ____ conditioning.

A) taste aversion; operant
B) taste aversion; classical
C) learned immune response; operant
D) learned immune response; classical

Question 33

Any response made to a specific stimulus,if followed by a reward,will be more likely to occur again in the presence of the same stimulus.According to your text,this is the law of ____.

A) shaping
B) contiguity
C) learning
D) effect

Question 34

Keren decides to try cotton candy for the first time.She enjoys it,but unfortunately,later that day,Keren comes down with the stomach flu.Now the smell or thought of cotton candy makes her shudder and feel slightly nauseous.This is an example of ____.

A) extinction
B) taste aversion
C) cotton candy phobia
D) learned immune response

Question 35

Whenever your English teacher gives a quiz,he carries the copies of the quiz into the room in a black box,and you react with anticipation.If he walks into the room with any other color box,you know that it is not a quiz and feel no anticipation.This illustrates the concept of stimulus ____.

A) control
B) degradation
C) discrimination
D) generalization

Question 36

Five-year-old Sandrine jumps and cringes every time she hears thunder.Soon she cringes when she sees lightning because she knows that thunder will follow.One day when she is at her first fireworks show,she cringes when she sees the flash of light from the first fireworks in the sky.Sandrine is displaying ____.

A) reconditioning
B) spontaneous recovery
C) stimulus generalization
D) stimulus discrimination

Question 37

Every time the papergirl says to her customers,"I want my two dollars," her customers give her money.In this example,receiving the customer's money is a(n)____.

A) habituation
B) unconditioned response
C) insight
D) reinforcer

Question 38

Systematic desensitization,which is used to treat phobias,is based on which learning paradigm?

A) operant conditioning
B) classical conditioning
C) social learning
D) instrumental learning

Question 39

Roxanne loves eating at her favorite restaurant,Peppers.One night,she meets some friends atPeppers and then goes to see the movie Fight Club.Shortly afterwards,she becomes violently ill.After this incident,while Roxanne still enjoys watching Fight Club,she no longer enjoys eating at Peppers.This is an example of ____.

A) biopreparedness
B) the law of effect
C) vicarious experience
D) learned immune response

Question 40

Hugo has learned to fear the bell on his phone because every time the phone rings,a prank caller starts shouting at him.He now finds himself fearful of other bells,like bicycle bells and doorbells.Hugo is affected by stimulus ____.

A) control
B) generalization
C) degradation
D) discrimination

Question 41

Lois and Peter want to teach Brian,their dog,to fetch the newspaper.Lois aims to encourage Brian's behavior when he brings in the newspaper.Peter's goal is,instead,to discourage Brian's behavior when he brings in a stick.Lois will most likely use ____,and Peter will most likely use ____.

A) operant conditioning; classical conditioning
B) positive reinforcers; negative reinforcers
C) punishment; penalties
D) reinforcers; punishment

Question 42

Theresa discovers that reading her textbook the night before a sociology test is an effective study strategy.She decides to try the same thing in studying for psychology quizzes.We can say that her study behavior has

A) discriminated
B) been classically conditioned
C) generalized
D) been partially extinguished

Question 43

One of the most difficult problems for any teacher is a child who consistently disrupts class.Researchers have shown that giving attention in the form of scolding to a disruptive child actually increases the child's misbehavior.In the terms of operant conditioning,the scolding is a ____.

A) punisher
B) penalty
C) positive reinforce
D) negative reinforcer

Question 44

Tim doesn't want to run into his ex-girlfriend on campus,so he changes the route that he used to take to get to class when he sees her.The first day this occurs,Tim does not run into his ex-girlfriend.Tim ends up using this route for a month because he fails to run into her.Tim has learned through ____ conditioning.

A) classical
B) vicarious
C) escape
D) avoidance

Question 45

Two-year-old Hannah says the word hell in the middle of dinner,and her parents immediately stop talking to each other and scold her.They spent the rest of the meal paying close attention to what Hannah said.Later,Hannah says hell repeatedly,and each time,her parents spend time talking to her and paying attention to her.In this situation,the parents' attention is a ____ and Hannah's inappropriate language is a(n)____.

A) positive reinforcer; conditioner
B) negative reinforcer; operant
C) positive reinforcer; operant
D) punishment; operant

Question 46

Eve breaks things when she gets angry.Whenever Eve begins breaking anything,her parents stop what they are doing and pay attention to her.Now,Eve breaks things more than ever.Apparently,her parents' attention serves as a(n)____for Eve's behavior.

A) positive reinforcer
B) negative reinforcer
C) penalty
D) punishment

Question 47

Lavonne despises"new age" music.So,when Lavonne refuses to clean her room,her mother makes her stay in her room and plays new age music through the intercom.Her mother tells Lavonne that as soon as she finishes cleaning her room,the music will stop.This is an example of ____.

A) positive reinforcement
B) negative reinforcement
C) punishment
D) shaping

Question 48

Bart notices that his father,Homer,is usually in an agreeable mood after his mother,Marge,fixes him pork chops.However,Homer is quite grumpy after a meal of three-eyed fish.Bart has learned that it is much in his favor to ask Homer permission to do fun things on pork chop night and to avoid asking such questions when three-eyed fish is served.Bart is using the type of meal served as a ____.

A) discriminative conditioned stimulus
B) secondary reinforce
C) vicarious experience
D) negative reinforcement

Question 49

Whenever Lisa's aunts visit,they kiss her on the cheek.Lisa hates this and eventually learns that they will not kiss her if she is coughing.Now whenever her aunts enter her home,she pretends to cough.This is an example of ____.

A) avoidance conditioning
B) escape conditioning
C) latent learning
D) punishment

Question 50

Carolyn knows a couple of tall people who happen to also be arrogant.Because of this,she tends to act negatively toward anyone who she sees as being tall.Carolyn's behavior is the result of ____.

A) stimulus discrimination
B) higher-order conditioning
C) stimulus generalization
D) avoidance conditioning

Question 51

Which action is an example of negative reinforcement?

A) not stealing cookies for fear of being spanked
B) learning to take aspirin for headaches
C) sewing a quilt to make your parents happy
D) studying for an exam to earn an A

Question 52

Krystle is always late for meetings.After many stern looks and being scolded by her co-workers,Krystle learns that if she brings snacks to the meetings,her co-workers will not scold her for being late.This is an example of ____ conditioning.

A) escape
B) avoidance
C) higher-order
D) latent

Question 53

After Nadia spills water all over her painting,her first-grade art teacher gives her some candyto make her feel better.The next time art class meets,Nadia promptly and purposefully spills water.The candyhas acted as a(n)____.

A) negative reinforce
B) an activity preference
C) positive reinforce
D) secondary reinforcer

Question 54

It's a very hot summer day and Ai is sweating in her apartment.She turns on the air conditioning and right away,her apartment gets cooler.The fact that Ai is now more likely to turn on the AC when she is hot to reduce her discomfort illustrates ____.

A) positive reinforcement
B) negative reinforcement
C) punishment
D) a penalty

Question 55

Chris does not like it when his infant son,Jacob,cries.Chris finds that if he makes goofy faces while Jacob is crying,Jacob will stop.Which learning principle best explains why Chris is more likely to make goofy faces in the future to make Jacob stop crying?

A) positive reinforcement
B) classical conditioning
C) negative reinforcement
D) stimulus generalization

Question 56

Martina's upstairs neighbors play their stereo loudly.Martina hates loud music and has found that if she bangs on the ceiling with a broom,they turn the volume down.Now,as soon as the loud music starts,Martina bangs on the ceiling and it is muted.This is an example of ____.

A) positive reinforcement
B) shaping
C) escape conditioning
D) avoidance conditioning

Question 57

Pookie,the dog,quickly learns that when she scratches at the door,her owner will allow her to go outside to play.This is an example of ____ conditioning.

A) operant
B) higher-order
C) avoidance
D) classical

Question 58

Alex has learned that if his mom is upset and he praises her,she will cook him a great meal.However,if he praises his mom when she is in a good mood,she responds by saying,"Are you trying to butter me up?" and doesn't cook at all.In this example,Alex's mom's mood is a ____.

A) discriminative conditioned stimulus
B) reinforcer
C) prohibitive control
D) stimulus predictor

Question 59

While at the grocery store,Jeremy begins to throw a fit because he wants a candy bar.His mom gives him the candy bar so that he will stop screaming.Jeremy's mom has experienced ____ conditioning.

A) classical
B) higher-order
C) avoidance
D) escape

Question 60

Whenever Calvin throws his sister's doll in the toilet,his mother locks Calvin in his room.As soon as Calvin apologizes,his mother lets him out.Eventually,Calvin learns to apologize immediately,so that he can get out of his room sooner.Calvin is demonstrating ____.

A) punishment
B) escape conditioning
C) avoidance conditioning
D) positive reinforcement

Question 61

Lance is a door-to-door insurance salesman.Lance finds it difficult to predict what his sales will be for any given day.On some days,he sells one policy for every three houses that he visits; on other days,he may sell one policy every twenty houses.Lance is being rewarded on a ____ reinforcement schedule.

A) fixed-ratio
B) fixed-interval
C) variable-ratio
D) variable-interval

Question 62

Continued gambling behavior is best explained in terms of which process of learning?

A) classical conditioning
B) social learning
C) partial reinforcement
D) observational learning

Question 63

Fed up with his son not cleaning around the house,Jack buys a book called Shape Up,which instructs the reader to implement the operant conditioning technique of shaping.According to the book,Jack will want to ____.

A) reinforce successive approximations of the desired response
B) utilize a mixture of punishment and reinforcement
C) pair an unconditioned response with a conditioned one
D) reward his son only after the final desired response is performed

Question 64

Children are often aware of which conditions are most favorable when asking a parent for an advance on their allowance.Psychologists call such conditions ____.

A) discriminative conditioned stimuli
B) secondary reinforcers
C) primary reinforcers
D) conditioned stimuli

Question 65

Extinction will be most rapid after a history of ____ reinforcement.

A) variable-ratio
B) variable-interval
C) fixed-ratio
D) continuous

Question 66

Which statement best sums up the role of stimulus discrimination and stimulus control in operant conditioning?

A) People will only learn to control the behavior of others.
B) People attempt to control their own behavior.
C) People tend to be biased toward certain types of stimuli.
D) People can learn to distinguish the situations in which a certain behavior will be rewarded.

Question 67

To get her roommate to start cleaning her side of the room,Alisa starts complimenting her on the smallest efforts she makes to keep her side tidy.Alisa then withholds complimenting her roommate until she does more extensive cleaning tasks.This type of strategy is known as ____.

A) shaping
B) stimulus generalization
C) primary reinforcement
D) stimulus discrimination

Question 68

During every pay period that Shauna is not late to work,she gets a bonus added to her paycheck.As a result,Shauna is never late to work.The extra money added to her paycheck is a(n)____,

A) discriminative conditioned stimulus
B) operant
C) primary reinforce
D) secondary reinforcer

Question 69

Russell's mom wants him to study for two hours each night,so she gives him treats during the evening.Sometimes she gives him the treats after ten minutes,sometimes after thirty minutes.On the average,Russell is given a treat every twenty minutes.Which reinforcement schedule is Russell's mom utilizing?

A) fixed-ratio
B) variable-ratio
C) fixed-interval
D) variable-interval

Question 70

Gabe is trying to get his dog,Trixie,to "sit up." He starts rewarding her first when she lies down.Then he rewards her when she is sitting on her backside.And finally he rewards her only when she sits up with her paws off the ground.Gabe has trained Trixie to "sit up" by using ____.

A) shaping
B) secondary reinforcement
C) backward conditioning
D) stimulus discrimination

Question 71

Jia is a bear trainer at the circus.She wants to teach Barney the bear to ride a unicycle.To do this,Jia first rewards Barney for sitting up.Then she rewards Barney only if he sits on the unicycle seat.Next she rewards him only for sitting on the unicycle seat and raising his paws toward the pedals and so on.By show time,Barney can ride the unicycle.This method is called ____.

A) higher-order conditioning
B) reconditioning
C) shaping
D) latent learning

Question 72

Tyrell wants to teach his two daughters,Sarah and Mia,to practice their golf swings every day.Each time after Sarah finishes practicing,he gives her $5,and each time after Mia finishes practicing,he gives her a handful of her favorite candy pieces.Sarah is receiving a __________ reinforcer,and Mia is receiving a __________ reinforcer.

A) secondary; secondary
B) primary; primary
C) secondary; primary
D) primary; secondary

Question 73

What kind of reinforcer is money?

A) primary
B) discriminative
C) negative
D) secondary

Question 74

It has been rumored that campus parking enforcement officers receive a $10 bonus for every twenty tickets they write.An unnamed campus parking administrator has remarked off the record,"This ____ schedule of reinforcement keeps our officers diligent and busy."

A) variable-ratio
B) fixed-ratio
C) variable-interval
D) fixed-interval

Question 75

Chuck works on the assembly line at Widgets,Inc.Because he is a union employee,he is paid $10 for every fifteen widgets he makes.His co-worker,Sally,is a nonunion worker and is paid only when the company makes money,which averages out to be two times per month.Chuck is reinforced on a ____ schedule,while Sally is reinforced on a ____ schedule.

A) fixed-interval; variable-interval
B) variable-interval; fixed-ratio
C) fixed-interval; variable-ratio
D) fixed-ratio; variable-interval

Question 76

You buy a new car that always starts instantly on cold mornings (continuous reinforcement).It suddenly fails one time,and you immediately call a service station.Suppose,however,that your car often gives you trouble on cold mornings (variable reinforcement).It is likely that you will try to start the car several times before calling a service station due to the ____ effect.

A) partial reinforcement
B) successive approximation
C) secondary reinforcement
D) delayed reinforcement

Question 77

Serena is praised for every art project she brings home from school.Once this kind of continuous reinforcement is discontinued,we can predict that Serena's reinforced behavior will extinguish ____.

A) gradually
B) intermittently
C) rapidly
D) slowly

Question 78

Charlie wants to get a job in which he is rewarded for his work on a fixed interval reinforcement schedule.Which job should Charlie pursue?

A) Vanguard Advertising, where he will earn $3.00 for each ad he sells
B) Burger Express, where he will earn a paycheck each week
C) Cruise-In, where the tips are split between all the servers
D) Teddy's Carpentry, where he will earn money as the jobs are completed

Question 79

Art has doting parents who praise him every time he sits down and studies.Ben has parents who praise him every now and then when he studies.A learning theorist would predict that if both sets of parents stopped giving encouragement for studying,____ would continue studying longer because behaviors rewarded on a ____ schedule persist longer.

A) Art; partial
B) Art; continuous
C) Ben; partial
D) Ben; continuous

Question 80

Teaching assistants are paid a meager sum of money once a month,whether they work hard or not.This type of payment plan demonstrates a ____ reinforcement schedule.

A) fixed-ratio
B) fixed-interval
C) variable-ratio
D) variable-interval