Deck 10: Decision Making by Individuals and Groups

Question 1

People who use a sensing decision making style see themselves as practical and realistic.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

People tend to make satisfactory decisions because they tend to choose the first satisfactory alternative that they discover.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to Jung's theory an individual's predispositions can affect the decision process at two critical stages.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The quality and speed of decisions made by managers throughout the organization affect the success of strategy implementation efforts.

Question 5

According to Dawn Ostroff, ultimately the people who are successful in the TV business have a tacit ability to make right decisions based on a wide variety of inputs.

Question 6

Satisficing decisions are satisfactory rather than optimal decisions.

Question 7

An associate who does not rely on the facts gathered by their five senses is said to use a sensing decision making style.

Question 8

The second step in the decision making process is to identify criteria.

Question 9

The last step in the decision making process is to select the best alternative.

Question 10

Former President Bill Clinton has been classified as having the intuition decision making style.

Question 11

Some individuals gather information through the five senses, while others prefer abstractions.

Question 12

An example of a strategic decision would be adding or deleting products and services.

Question 13

A specific situation in which the intuition style works best is when there is a low level of ambiguity.

Question 14

Decisions are choices of actions from among multiple feasible alternatives.

Question 15

Decision makers who use the intuition style like details and a lot of time to sort through them

Question 16

Former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has been classified as having the intuition decision making style.

Question 17

The first step in the decision making process is to gather the information.

Question 18

Decision making relies on both perception and judgment.

Question 19

Optimal decisions are also referred to as minimizing decisions.

Question 20

Decision making is a cognitive activity.

Question 21

Moods and emotions are two aspects of affective phenomena in organizations.

Question 22

Individuals in negative moods seem to neglect the details of decision situations.

Question 23

In making decisions, individuals with lower risk-taking propensities may collect and evaluate less information.

Question 24

A confirmation bias has a strong effect on the type of information gathered.

Question 25

Managers and associates who use an impersonal rational approach to arrive at their judgments are said to prefer a thinking style.

Question 26

With the anchoring bias the decision maker places too much emphasis on the last piece of information they encounter.

Question 27

People who use the feeling style are influenced by others' likes and dislikes.

Question 28

Risk exists when the outcome of a chosen course of action is certain.

Question 29

A specific situation in which the intuition style works best is when there are few facts present.

Question 30

Both the thinking and feeling styles are important in organizations.

Question 31

People who prefer not to rely on subjective judgments are said to use the feeling style.

Question 32

Each individual chooses consciously or unconsciously his own reference point in a given situation.

Question 33

The sunk-cost bias causes decision makers to emphasize past investments of time and money when deciding whether to continue with a chosen course of action.

Question 34

A reference point can be a goal, a maximum acceptable level of performance and it is used to judge one's current standing.

Question 35

Managers with low risk-taking propensity may make decisions more slowly.

Question 36

Individuals tend to use either rational or subjective approaches to arrive at their judgments.

Question 37

A confirmation bias leads decision makers to seek information that confirms beliefs and ideas, and avoid seeking disconfirming information.

Question 38

A cognitive bias is a physical shortcut involving complex ways of thinking.

Question 39

Risk-taking propensity is the willingness to take chances.

Question 40

An individual's decision making is influenced by how they perceive information and judge alternatives.

Question 41

Vulnerability is one of the symptoms that groupthink might be occurring.

Question 42

The risky shift process occurs when group members collectively make a more risky choice than most or all of the individuals would have made when working in another group.

Question 43

Brainstorming is the process in which a limited number of ideas are generated while evaluation of the ideas is suspended.

Question 44

Devil's advocacy calls for an individual or subgroup to argue against a recommended action put forth by other members of the group.

Question 45

Diversity-based infighting is unlikely to occur when individuals feel very strongly about their ideas and no mechanisms to channel disagreement in productive ways have been instituted.

Question 46

Unanimity is a symptom of groupthink.

Question 47

The Bay of Pigs in 1960 is an example of groupthink.

Question 48

When group members maintain or seek consensus at the expense of identifying and earnestly debating honest disagreements, groupthink is said to occur.

Question 49

Rationalization is a symptom of groupthink.

Question 50

Anger may cause decision makers to be less effective gatherers and evaluators of information.

Question 51

Groupthink always insures a poor decision.

Question 52

Victor Vroom and Philip Yetton developed a decision making model that helps to determine the correct level of associate involvement in the decision making process.

Question 53

Although group decision making can produce positive outcomes, the social nature of group decisions leads to undesired results.

Question 54

Brain-writing can be an effective technique for overcoming the problems of standard group brainstorming.

Question 55

Vroom and Yetton suggest that managers can determine the best strategy for associate decision making by asking seven diagnostic questions.

Question 56

The prodigal group technique is a technique for overcoming some of the inhibiting forces in group decision making.

Question 57

The decision to focus on training instead of the defense of Pearl Harbor is an example of groupthink.

Question 58

The Vroom-Yetton framework seems to predict the success of generals in the French Revolution battles.

Question 59

The Delphi technique is a highly structured decision-making process in which participants are surveyed regarding their opinions.

Question 60

The common information bias leads groups to unconsciously neglect information held by one or a few group members while focusing on more commonly held information in the group.

Question 61

When time is an important consideration, the manager may elect to use the group for advice only.

Question 62

An individual's decision making is influenced by how they ______ information and ______ alternatives.

Question 63

Groups take more time to reach decisions than individuals do because many social needs are met by the group.

Question 64

Some individuals gather concrete information through the _________, while others prefer abstractions.

Question 65

__________decisions are boundedly rational decisions.

Question 66

Decision making is a _______ activity.

Question 67

People who prefer to rely on their emotions are said to use a _____style.

Question 68

Satisfactory rather than optimal decisions are common.

Question 69

Even though quality is not consistently improved by group decision making, individual satisfaction and commitment to the final solution are often enhanced.

Question 70

Decision making relies on both _____ and ______.

Question 71

Individuals in charge of businesses make very important ______everyday.

Question 72

Decision making is a process involving two steps.

Question 73

Managers who use an impersonal and rational approach to arrive at their judgments are said to prefer a _________style.

Question 74

Associates make many decisions in high-involvement firms.

Question 75

Moods and emotions are both part of the unwanted make-up of an individual.

Question 76

The quality and speed of decisions made by managers throughout the organization affect the success of _________ implementation efforts.

Question 77

Groups have both advantages and disadvantages in decision making.

Question 78

Decisions are _____ of actions from among multiple feasible alternatives.

Question 79

Individuals typically take more time to reach decisions than do groups.

Question 80

An associate who relies on facts gathered directly by the fives sense is said to use a ___________style.