Deck 10: Pulmonary Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

Question 1

Which of the following changes in a chest radiograph would BEST indicate an acute change?

A)Flattened diaphragms
B)Interstitial thickening
C)Abnormal lung volumes
D)Fluffy infiltrates

Answer 1

D
Acute changes in a chest radiograph would include fluffy infiltrates or increased opacity.Chronic changes include flattened diaphragms,changes in rib angle and intercostal spaces,abnormal lung volumes,and interstitial thickening.

Question 2

On a chest radiograph,which of the following objects results in a dark image due to its low density?

A)Air
B)Fat
C)Water
D)Bone

Answer 2

A
The principal objects shown on a chest radiograph are air,fat,water,tissue,and bone.Air in the lungs has a very low density and thus allows greater x-ray penetration,resulting in a dark image on the radiograph--radiolucency.

Question 3

Bronchoscopy is BEST indicated for which of the following pathological conditions?

A)Assess for infection
B)Perfusion defects with normal ventilation
C)Pleural effusion
D)Pulmonary emboli

Answer 3

A
Bronchoscopy is indicated to assess for infection that cannot be evaluated from a sample or to assess for malignancy.On occasion,bronchoscopy is used to clear seriously viscous secretions.

Question 4

Which of the following organs is responsible for the regulation of the major blood base,bicarbonate (HCO₃-)?

A)Lungs
B)Liver
C)Kidneys
D)None of the above

Question 5

A patient who is noted to have an improvement in FVC and forced expiratory volume in 1 second 5 to 20 minutes after the administration of a bronchodilator is MOST likely to have which of the following pulmonary conditions?

A)Pneumonia
B)Pulmonary fibrosis
C)Asthma
D)Moderate to severe emphysema

Question 6

Which of the following spirometric or airflow volume measurements would serve to assist the clinicians in determining whether the patient presented with obstructive or restrictive pulmonary disease?

A)Total lung capacity (TLC)
B)Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁)
C)Forced expiratory flow rate between 25% and 75% of FVC
D)Maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV)

Question 7

Which of the following views is MOST appropriate to visualize the heart and great vessels?

A)Anteroposterior view
B)Lordotic view
C)Oblique view
D)Decubitus view

Question 8

Which of the following pathological conditions would MOST likely result in tracheal deviations on a chest radiograph?

A)Patient is rotated
B)Pulmonary edema
C)Military nodules
D)Pneumothorax

Question 9

Which of the following pathological conditions MOST likely will result in an increased total lung capacity (TLC)determined by a pulmonary function test?

A)Pulmonary edema
B)Atelectasis
C)Obstructive lung disease
D)Consolidation

Question 10

In a patient with decreased quantity of hemoglobin per unit volume of blood,which of the following pulmonary tests would be MOST likely to be recorded as abnormal?

A)Total lung capacity (TLC)
B)Diffusing capacity of lung (DLCO)
C)Forced vital capacity (FVC)
D)Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV)

Question 11

Which of the following conditions BEST describes metabolic acidosis?

A)Low bicarbonate level (HCO₃-)
B)High partial pressure CO₂ (PaCO₂)
C)Alveolar hypoventilation
D)High bicarbonate level (HCO₃-)

Question 12

Which of the following pulmonary function tests of gas flow rates reflects the airflow in the large airways?

A)Peak expiratory flow (PEF)
B)Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV)
C)Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁)
D)Forced vital capacity (FVC)

Question 13

Which of the following chest imaging techniques is considered the BEST diagnostic tool for determining the presence of a pulmonary embolus (PE)?

A)Computed tomography
B)Chest radiograph
C)Magnetic resonance imaging
D)Ventilation and perfusion scans

Question 14

Which of the following statements is TRUE about a volatile type of acid?

A)An example is lactic acid.
B)A type of acid that cannot change to gaseous form.
C)Most of this type of acid is metabolized by the liver.
D)This type of acid is regulated by the lungs.

Question 15

Which of the following abnormal findings would be MOST likely in a chest radiograph of a patient with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

A)Tracheal deviation toward the contralateral side
B)Opacification of the costophrenic angles
C)Flattened hemidiaphragms
D)Increased vascular markings

Question 16

A patient is determined to have large lung volumes and a reduced FVC.Which of the following lung conditions is MOST likely?

A)Emphysema
B)Pneumonia
C)Pulmonary fibrosis
D)Fractured ribs

Question 17

Which of the following chest radiograph views is the MOST common or standard routinely taken?

A)Anteroposterior view taken at patient's bedside
B)Posteroanterior view and lateral view
C)Oblique view in standing
D)Decubitus view in supine,prone,or side lying

Question 18

Forced vital capacity (FVC)is defined BEST by which of the following statements?

A)The volume of air exhaled over the middle half of the maximum flow
B)The average expiratory flow during the early phase of exhalation
C)The maximum volume of gas the person can exhale forcefully and quickly
D)The maximum flow that occurs at any point in time during exhalation

Question 19

The hila comprising pulmonary blood vessels,bronchi,and group of lymph nodes is anatomically located at which of the following spinal levels?

A)C7 to T1
B)T2 to T3
C)T4 to T5
D)T8 to T9

Question 20

Which of the following partial pressure of CO₂ values is a primary indication for ventilator failure?

A)Partial pressure CO₂ = 35
B)Partial pressure CO₂ = 40
C)Partial pressure CO₂ = 45
D)Partial pressure CO₂ = 55

Question 21

A patient has the following arterial blood gas values:pH = 7.33,PaCO₂ = 35,PaO₂ = 80,and HCO₃- = 18.Which of the following statements is the MOST accurate interpretation?

A)Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
B)Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
C)Partially compensated metabolic acidosis
D)Partially compensated respiratory acidosis

Question 22

A patient has the following arterial blood gas values:pH = 7.32,PaCO₂ = 68,PaO₂ = 60,and HCO₃- = 28.Which of the following statements is the MOST accurate interpretation?

A)Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
B)Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
C)Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
D)Partially compensated metabolic acidosis

Question 23

A patient is noted to have an increase in quantity of hemoglobin,red blood cell count,or hematocrit.Which of the following pathological conditions is MOST likely diagnosed?

A)Anemia
B)Polycythemia
C)Leukemia
D)Thrombocythemia

Question 24

A patient has the following arterial blood gas values:pH = 7.48,PaCO₂ = 42,PaO₂ = 70,and HCO₃- = 30.Which of the following statements is the MOST accurate interpretation?

A)Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
B)Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
C)Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
D)Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis

Question 25

A patient has the following arterial blood gas values:pH = 7.49,PaCO₂ = 31,PaO₂ = 90,and HCO₃- = 24.Which of the following statements is the MOST accurate interpretation?

A)Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
B)Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
C)Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
D)Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis

Question 26

Which of the following conditions BEST describes respiratory alkalosis?

A)High bicarbonate level (HCO₃-)
B)Low partial pressure CO₂ (PaCO₂)
C)Hypocapnia
D)Low bicarbonate level (HCO₃-)

Question 27

Which of the following conditions would contribute to reduced reliability of a pulse oximetry reading?

A)Poor peripheral circulation
B)Presence of nail polish
C)Decrease in hemoglobin levels
D)All of the above

Question 28

In which of the following types of pathogens is Staphylococcus aureus BEST classified?

A)Bacteria
B)Fungi
C)Protozoa
D)Viruses

Question 29

A patient has been admitted to the hospital due to complaints of difficulty breathing.His ABGs report pH = 7.20,PaCO₂ = 63.4,PaO₂ = 51,HCO₃- = 30;PFTs report TLC = 120% predicted,VC = 115% predicted,RV = 130% predicted,FEV₁ = 48% predicted.A chest x-ray indicates infiltrates in the right lower lobe.Which of the following diagnostic conclusions BEST summarizes this patient's condition?

A)The patient has a lung infection,acute metabolic acidosis,and mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
B)The patient has pneumonia,acute respiratory acidosis,and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
C)The patient has a lung infection,acute respiratory alkalosis,and mild restrictive pulmonary disease.
D)The patient has pneumonia,acute metabolic alkalosis,and severe restrictive pulmonary disease.

Question 30

Cytological testing identifies viruses as having a simple central core of DNA or RNA encapsulated by a protein coat.This BEST describes which of the following classification schemes?

A)Morphology
B)Habitat
C)Structure
D)Taxonomy