Question 1

Which of the following conditions BEST describes metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Low bicarbonate level (HCO₃-) 
B) High partial pressure CO₂ (PaCO₂) 
C) Alveolar hypoventilation 
D) High bicarbonate level (HCO₃-) 
A) Low bicarbonate level (HCO₃-) 
B) High partial pressure CO₂ (PaCO₂) 
C) Alveolar hypoventilation 
D) High bicarbonate level (HCO₃-) A

Question 2

A patient is noted to have an increase in quantity of hemoglobin,red blood cell count,or hematocrit.Which of the following pathological conditions is MOST likely diagnosed?

Accepted Answer

A) Anemia 
B) Polycythemia 
C) Leukemia 
D) Thrombocythemia 
A) Anemia 
B) Polycythemia 
C) Leukemia 
D) Thrombocythemia B

Question 3

A patient who is noted to have an improvement in FVC and forced expiratory volume in 1 second 5 to 20 minutes after the administration of a bronchodilator is MOST likely to have which of the following pulmonary conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) Pneumonia 
B) Pulmonary fibrosis 
C) Asthma 
D) Moderate to severe emphysema 
A) Pneumonia 
B) Pulmonary fibrosis 
C) Asthma 
D) Moderate to severe emphysema C

Question 4

A patient has the following arterial blood gas values:pH = 7.48,PaCO₂ = 42,PaO₂ = 70,and HCO₃- = 30.Which of the following statements is the MOST accurate interpretation?

Accepted Answer

A) Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis 
B) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis 
C) Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis 
D) Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis 
A) Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis 
B) Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis 
C) Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis 
D) Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis

Question 5

Which of the following conditions would contribute to reduced reliability of a pulse oximetry reading?

Accepted Answer

A) Poor peripheral circulation 
B) Presence of nail polish 
C) Decrease in hemoglobin levels 
D) All of the above 
A) Poor peripheral circulation 
B) Presence of nail polish 
C) Decrease in hemoglobin levels 
D) All of the above

Question 6

The hila comprising pulmonary blood vessels,bronchi,and group of lymph nodes is anatomically located at which of the following spinal levels?

Accepted Answer

A) C7 to T1 
B) T2 to T3 
C) T4 to T5 
D) T8 to T9 
A) C7 to T1 
B) T2 to T3 
C) T4 to T5 
D) T8 to T9

Question 7

Which of the following chest imaging techniques is considered the BEST diagnostic tool for determining the presence of a pulmonary embolus (PE)?

Accepted Answer

A) Computed tomography 
B) Chest radiograph 
C) Magnetic resonance imaging 
D) Ventilation and perfusion scans 
A) Computed tomography 
B) Chest radiograph 
C) Magnetic resonance imaging 
D) Ventilation and perfusion scans

Question 8

A patient has the following arterial blood gas values:pH = 7.33,PaCO₂ = 35,PaO₂ = 80,and HCO₃- = 18.Which of the following statements is the MOST accurate interpretation?

Accepted Answer

A) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis 
B) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis 
C) Partially compensated metabolic acidosis 
D) Partially compensated respiratory acidosis 
A) Uncompensated metabolic acidosis 
B) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis 
C) Partially compensated metabolic acidosis 
D) Partially compensated respiratory acidosis

Question 9

Which of the following views is MOST appropriate to visualize the heart and great vessels?

Accepted Answer

A) Anteroposterior view 
B) Lordotic view 
C) Oblique view 
D) Decubitus view 
A) Anteroposterior view 
B) Lordotic view 
C) Oblique view 
D) Decubitus view

Question 10

Cytological testing identifies viruses as having a simple central core of DNA or RNA encapsulated by a protein coat.This BEST describes which of the following classification schemes?

Accepted Answer

A) Morphology 
B) Habitat 
C) Structure 
D) Taxonomy 
A) Morphology 
B) Habitat 
C) Structure 
D) Taxonomy

Question 11

Forced vital capacity (FVC)is defined BEST by which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

A) The volume of air exhaled over the middle half of the maximum flow 
B) The average expiratory flow during the early phase of exhalation 
C) The maximum volume of gas the person can exhale forcefully and quickly 
D) The maximum flow that occurs at any point in time during exhalation 
A) The volume of air exhaled over the middle half of the maximum flow 
B) The average expiratory flow during the early phase of exhalation 
C) The maximum volume of gas the person can exhale forcefully and quickly 
D) The maximum flow that occurs at any point in time during exhalation

Question 12

Which of the following abnormal findings would be MOST likely in a chest radiograph of a patient with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Tracheal deviation toward the contralateral side 
B) Opacification of the costophrenic angles 
C) Flattened hemidiaphragms 
D) Increased vascular markings 
A) Tracheal deviation toward the contralateral side 
B) Opacification of the costophrenic angles 
C) Flattened hemidiaphragms 
D) Increased vascular markings

Question 13

Which of the following spirometric or airflow volume measurements would serve to assist the clinicians in determining whether the patient presented with obstructive or restrictive pulmonary disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Total lung capacity (TL
C)  
B) Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) 
C) Forced expiratory flow rate between 25% and 75% of FVC 
D) Maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) 
A) Total lung capacity (TL
C)  
B) Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) 
C) Forced expiratory flow rate between 25% and 75% of FVC 
D) Maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV)

Question 14

On a chest radiograph,which of the following objects results in a dark image due to its low density?

Accepted Answer

A) Air 
B) Fat 
C) Water 
D) Bone 
A) Air 
B) Fat 
C) Water 
D) Bone

Question 15

A patient has been admitted to the hospital due to complaints of difficulty breathing.His ABGs report pH = 7.20,PaCO₂ = 63.4,PaO₂ = 51,HCO₃- = 30;PFTs report TLC = 120% predicted,VC = 115% predicted,RV = 130% predicted,FEV₁ = 48% predicted.A chest x-ray indicates infiltrates in the right lower lobe.Which of the following diagnostic conclusions BEST summarizes this patient's condition?

Accepted Answer

A) The patient has a lung infection,acute metabolic acidosis,and mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 
B) The patient has pneumonia,acute respiratory acidosis,and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 
C) The patient has a lung infection,acute respiratory alkalosis,and mild restrictive pulmonary disease. 
D) The patient has pneumonia,acute metabolic alkalosis,and severe restrictive pulmonary disease. 
A) The patient has a lung infection,acute metabolic acidosis,and mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 
B) The patient has pneumonia,acute respiratory acidosis,and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 
C) The patient has a lung infection,acute respiratory alkalosis,and mild restrictive pulmonary disease. 
D) The patient has pneumonia,acute metabolic alkalosis,and severe restrictive pulmonary disease.

Question 16

Which of the following chest radiograph views is the MOST common or standard routinely taken?

Accepted Answer

A) Anteroposterior view taken at patient's bedside 
B) Posteroanterior view and lateral view 
C) Oblique view in standing 
D) Decubitus view in supine,prone,or side lying 
A) Anteroposterior view taken at patient's bedside 
B) Posteroanterior view and lateral view 
C) Oblique view in standing 
D) Decubitus view in supine,prone,or side lying

Question 17

Which of the following statements is TRUE about a volatile type of acid?

Accepted Answer

A) An example is lactic acid. 
B) A type of acid that cannot change to gaseous form. 
C) Most of this type of acid is metabolized by the liver. 
D) This type of acid is regulated by the lungs. 
A) An example is lactic acid. 
B) A type of acid that cannot change to gaseous form. 
C) Most of this type of acid is metabolized by the liver. 
D) This type of acid is regulated by the lungs.

Question 18

A patient is determined to have large lung volumes and a reduced FVC.Which of the following lung conditions is MOST likely?

Accepted Answer

A) Emphysema 
B) Pneumonia 
C) Pulmonary fibrosis 
D) Fractured ribs 
A) Emphysema 
B) Pneumonia 
C) Pulmonary fibrosis 
D) Fractured ribs

Question 19

In which of the following types of pathogens is Staphylococcus aureus BEST classified?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria 
B) Fungi 
C) Protozoa 
D) Viruses 
A) Bacteria 
B) Fungi 
C) Protozoa 
D) Viruses

Question 20

Which of the following partial pressure of CO₂ values is a primary indication for ventilator failure?

Accepted Answer

A) Partial pressure CO₂ = 35 
B) Partial pressure CO₂ = 40 
C) Partial pressure CO₂ = 45 
D) Partial pressure CO₂ = 55 
A) Partial pressure CO₂ = 35 
B) Partial pressure CO₂ = 40 
C) Partial pressure CO₂ = 45 
D) Partial pressure CO₂ = 55

Exam 10: Pulmonary Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

Which of the following conditions BEST describes metabolic acidosis?

A patient is noted to have an increase in quantity of hemoglobin,red blood cell count,or hematocrit.Which of the following pathological conditions is MOST likely diagnosed?

A patient who is noted to have an improvement in FVC and forced expiratory volume in 1 second 5 to 20 minutes after the administration of a bronchodilator is MOST likely to have which of the following pulmonary conditions?

A patient has the following arterial blood gas values:pH = 7.48,PaCO₂ = 42,PaO₂ = 70,and HCO₃- = 30.Which of the following statements is the MOST accurate interpretation?

Which of the following conditions would contribute to reduced reliability of a pulse oximetry reading?

The hila comprising pulmonary blood vessels,bronchi,and group of lymph nodes is anatomically located at which of the following spinal levels?

Which of the following chest imaging techniques is considered the BEST diagnostic tool for determining the presence of a pulmonary embolus (PE)?

A patient has the following arterial blood gas values:pH = 7.33,PaCO₂ = 35,PaO₂ = 80,and HCO₃- = 18.Which of the following statements is the MOST accurate interpretation?

Which of the following views is MOST appropriate to visualize the heart and great vessels?

Cytological testing identifies viruses as having a simple central core of DNA or RNA encapsulated by a protein coat.This BEST describes which of the following classification schemes?

Forced vital capacity (FVC)is defined BEST by which of the following statements?

Which of the following abnormal findings would be MOST likely in a chest radiograph of a patient with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Which of the following spirometric or airflow volume measurements would serve to assist the clinicians in determining whether the patient presented with obstructive or restrictive pulmonary disease?

On a chest radiograph,which of the following objects results in a dark image due to its low density?

Which of the following chest radiograph views is the MOST common or standard routinely taken?

Which of the following statements is TRUE about a volatile type of acid?

A patient is determined to have large lung volumes and a reduced FVC.Which of the following lung conditions is MOST likely?

In which of the following types of pathogens is Staphylococcus aureus BEST classified?

Which of the following partial pressure of CO₂ values is a primary indication for ventilator failure?

Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems

Physiology of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems

Ischemic Cardiovascular Conditions and Other Vascular Pathologies

Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction and Failure

Restrictive Lung Dysfunction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

Cardiopulmonary Implications of Specific Diseases

Cardiovascular Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

Electrocardiography

Cardiovascular and Thoracic Interventions

Thoracic Organ Transplantation: Heart, Heart Lung, and Lung

Monitoring and Life Support Equipment

Cardiovascular Medications

Pulmonary Medications

Examination and Assessment Procedures

Interventions for Acute Cardiopulmonary Conditions

Interventions and Prevention Measures for Individuals With Cardiovascular Disease, or Risk of Disease

Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy

The Lymphatic System

Outcome Measures:a Guide for the Evidence Based Practice of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy

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