Deck 1: Accessing Your Health

Question 1

Which of the following were cited by college students in a national survey as major impediments to performing well academically?

A) Pressure from parents and family members
B) Stress, anxiety, and sleep difficulties
C) Repeated strep infections
D) Carrying a too-heavy course load

Answer 1

Stress, anxiety, and sleep difficulties

Question 2

One of the most important goals of Healthy People 2020 is to

A) reduce health care costs for all Americans.
B) eliminate health disparities and improve the health of all population groups.
C) increase funding for research on certain diseases such as cancer and diabetes.
D) increase the number of public health departments in every state.

Answer 2

eliminate health disparities and improve the health of all population groups.

Question 3

The ability to think clearly, analyze information, and use one's mental capacity to meet life's challenges is known as

A) social health.
B) intellectual health.
C) physical health.
D) emotional health.

Answer 3

intellectual health.

Question 4

Emotional health can best be described as being able to

A) feel and express emotions appropriately.
B) think clearly, without emotional influence.
C) maintain satisfying interpersonal relationships.
D) adapt to various social situations.

Question 5

Life expectancy in the early 1900s was largely determined by a person's

A) hygiene habits.
B) susceptibility to infectious disease.
C) occupation and location.
D) family history.

Question 6

Rafael goes to church every Sunday and rarely misses the weekly bible study meeting. Additionally, he tries to live a balanced and meaningful life. Which of the following statements best describes Rafael?

A) He demonstrates intellectual health.
B) He demonstrates social health.
C) He demonstrates emotional health.
D) He demonstrates spiritual health.

Question 7

Spiritual health can best be described as

A) holding to religious beliefs learned in childhood.
B) not as important as other factors to overall wellness.
C) having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life.
D) establishing and maintaining fulfilling relationships.

Question 8

The six dimensions of wellness

A) affect health independently of each other.
B) interact continuously.
C) seldom influence one another.
D) affect either the mind or the body.

Question 9

Jane is sedentary and obese. What effect, if any, do these have on her dimensions of health?

A) They affect her physical health only.
B) They affect her ability to recover from illnesses.
C) They affect all her dimensions of health.
D) They affect her health only if she has a family history of health problems related to obesity.

Question 10

Which of the following did NOT contribute to increased life expectancy in the early 20ᵗʰ century?

A) Improved sanitation
B) Antibiotics
C) Vaccinations
D) More doctors in metropolitan areas

Question 11

Healthy People 2020 is a plan designed to

A) improve health-related quality of life and years of life of Americans.
B) update FDA regulations on the manufacture and sale of drugs in the United States.
C) extend health insurance coverage to millions more Americans.
D) increase payments to doctors who serve Medicaid and Medicare patients.

Question 12

Paul studies mortality rates in infants of various ethnicities. He studies their

A) illness rates.
B) accident rates.
C) chronic disease rates.
D) death rates.

Question 13

The contemporary definition of wellness is

A) the ability to move about freely without pain.
B) the absence of ongoing symptoms or chronic disease.
C) living longer than one's parents.
D) all factors leading to positive health status or overall well-being.

Question 14

The number of years a person is anticipated to live based on conditions at their time of birth is

A) life expectancy.
B) population control.
C) mortality.
D) morbidity.

Question 15

Eve is always upset about something, and it seems that she is never really happy. Her mental outlook is likely to adversely affect

A) mainly her social health.
B) mainly her emotional health.
C) mainly her physical health.
D) all six dimensions of her health.

Question 16

The dimensions of physical health include all of the following EXCEPT

A) the ability to perform activities of daily living.
B) the ability to analyze information.
C) body size and shape.
D) sensory acuity and responsiveness.

Question 17

Jill has many friends, is respected by her coworkers, and maintains a great relationship with her boyfriend. Her ability to interact with others is an example of which dimension of health?

A) Social
B) Intellectual
C) Emotional
D) Physical

Question 18

Wellness is best described as

A) a static process.
B) a dynamic process.
C) determined by genes.
D) determined by the environment.

Question 19

Katherine is an energetic, confident student who is not afraid to stand up in front of the class and read her essay aloud. She trusts that even if others don't agree with her point of view, they will still value her as a person and a friend. These traits show that Katherine has positive

A) social health.
B) intellectual health.
C) physical health.
D) emotional health.

Question 20

A healthy person has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

A) being free of illness.
B) being physically fit.
C) being mentally and emotionally stable.
D) being addicted to drugs and alcohol.

Question 21

Family health background and the behaviors of family members are examples of

A) enabling factors.
B) reinforcing factors.
C) motivational factors.
D) predisposing factors.

Question 22

Taking positive action now to avoid becoming sick later is known as

A) intervention.
B) prevention.
C) screening.
D) treatment.

Question 23

All the following causes of death are linked to preventable lifestyle behaviors EXCEPT

A) congenital anomalies.
B) heart disease.
C) diabetes.
D) cancer.

Question 24

Major public health achievements of the 20ᵗʰ century include

A) mental health counseling.
B) pharmaceutical products.
C) lower birth rates.
D) motor vehicle and workplace safety.

Question 25

Effective health promotion programs

A) focus on selected negative behaviors.
B) have the most measurable results when implemented in schools.
C) focus on changing behaviors to improve health.
D) don't attempt to change individual attitudes about health.

Question 26

The model of health that is concerned with curing disease affecting a particular tissue or organ is the

A) medical model.
B) surgical model.
C) public health model.
D) holistic model.

Question 27

All of the following factors play a role in health disparities EXCEPT

A) procrastination.
B) geographic location.
C) economic status.
D) inadequate health insurance.

Question 28

The science and profession involved in protecting and improving the health of individuals, families, and communities is

A) health care.
B) immunology.
C) public health.
D) disease prevention.

Question 29

Which type of costs are related to higher insurance premiums and increased disability payments due to obesity-related health conditions?

A) Indirect medical costs
B) Direct medical costs
C) Medicare costs
D) Medicaid costs

Question 30

Health promotion

A) involves social justice efforts aimed at achieving health care for all Americans.
B) refers to fund-raising campaigns for health-related organizations.
C) includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health.
D) focuses on curing the most prevalent diseases.

Question 31

Young adults (15-24) are most likely to die from

A) heart disease.
B) cancer.
C) accidents.
D) homicide.

Question 32

Beth works part time as a waitress and receives no health insurance benefits from her employer. She purchased a catastrophic injury insurance plan, which provides coverage for hospitalization costs in the event of an accident or injury. Beth is

A) uninsured.
B) overinsured.
C) limited insured.
D) underinsured.

Question 33

To successfully change a behavior, a person must recognize that change is a(n)

A) stressful situation.
B) chance to wipe out past mistakes.
C) isolated event.
D) process that occurs in stages.

Question 34

An example of an enabling factor is

A) living near a hiking trail when you want to begin a walking program.
B) nagging your parents to stop smoking.
C) your spouse deciding to go to the gym with you.
D) having friends who say they hate to exercise.

Question 35

The positive aspects of a person's life, such being satisfied with life in general and having positive emotions, determines one's sense of

A) progress.
B) well-being.
C) change.
D) health.

Question 36

A disease that begins slowly, progresses over a period of time, and that may resist treatment is a(n)

A) acute disease.
B) chronic disease.
C) behavioral disease.
D) hereditary disease.

Question 37

Determinants of health are critical influences in a person's life that

A) predispose him or her to a particular set of diseases.
B) are related to genetics.
C) make the difference between illness and health.
D) are part of disease prevention.

Question 38

Overall, the leading cause of death for Americans is

A) accidents.
B) cancer.
C) heart disease.
D) respiratory disease.

Question 39

Which health model views diseases and health problems as the result of a person's interaction with his or her social and physical environment?

A) Environmental model
B) Public health model
C) Social model
D) Medical model

Question 40

Jim was successful at meeting his exercise goal and rewarded himself by taking a three-day vacation at a golf resort. This is an example of a

A) negative behavior.
B) reinforcing behavior.
C) manipulative behavior.
D) covert behavior.

Question 41

Brenda is going on a ski trip over spring break, and has 12 weeks to get in shape. Brenda purchased an elliptical trainer and started working out on it for 10 minutes each day. Each week, she will increase her workout by 10 minutes until she can exercise for one hour. If she finds that is too rigorous, she will only add 5 minutes to her workout each week. Which of the following behavior-change techniques is Brenda using to get in shape for her trip?

A) Shaping
B) Visualization
C) Modeling
D) Self-talk

Question 42

Lower health insurance rates for nonsmokers is an example of a(n)

A) possessional reinforcer.
B) manipulative reinforcer.
C) social reinforcer.
D) activity reinforcer.

Question 43

Rational-emotive therapy principles applied to behavior change include

A) shaping.
B) self-talk.
C) punishment.
D) enabling.

Question 44

Manuela joined a group exercise class. Her instructor, who was formerly inactive and overweight, motivates the class and participates with them. In class, Manuela tries to emulate her instructor's moves, and she has also become more physically active as part of her daily routine. Which technique is Manuela using to reach her goal of becoming more fit?

A) Shaping
B) Modeling
C) Visualization
D) Reinforcement

Question 45

A sedentary lifestyle, overuse of caffeine, and risky sexual practices are examples of

A) voluntary determinants of health.
B) modifiable determinants of health.
C) involuntary determinants of health.
D) nonmodifiable determinants of health.

Question 46

Mrs. H. wants her fifth-grade students to read more. She has a reading graph displayed in the classroom with a blank bar for each student. When a student reads for at least 3 hours in one week, he or she gets to color in one box on their bar. The students enjoy competing for the lead position and being praised by Mrs. H. for their improvements. This is an example of a(n)

A) activity reinforcer.
B) manipulative reinforcer.
C) possessional reinforcer.
D) social reinforcer.

Question 47

Missy is motivated to lose weight. She now relies on a 30-minute walk every morning to get going for the day. Missy attended a nutrition seminar and found several online sources to help her keep track of calories and nutrients consumed. On Monday, she will begin her new eating program. Missy is in a state of

A) precontemplation.
B) maintenance.
C) readiness.
D) denial.

Question 48

An appraisal of the relationship between an object, action, or idea and some attribute related to it is a(n)

A) belief.
B) attitude.
C) motivation.
D) analysis.

Question 49

Mrs. J. is trying to get her third-grade students to remember to have their homework signed by a parent before bringing it to class. Students who remember every day for a month receive a gift card from a local bookstore. This is an example of a(n)

A) consumable reinforcer.
B) activity reinforcer.
C) manipulative reinforcer.
D) possessional reinforcer.

Question 50

Observing a friend's successful attempt to quit smoking and trying some of the same tactics to quit yourself is an example of

A) conforming.
B) shaping.
C) envy.
D) modeling.

Question 51

According to the transtheoretical model, a person in the precontemplation stage

A) has no current intention to change or believes there is no need to change.
B) is aware of the problem and is making preparations for change.
C) is aware of the problem but is greatly afraid of change.
D) is aware of the problem and is already taking action to implement change.

Question 52

Jason has three projects due next week. He is frustrated because everything is due at the same time and he doesn't believe it's possible to get all three projects finished. His solution is to forget about the projects and meet up with friends for a night out. Jason has

A) self-confidence.
B) self-efficacy.
C) an internal locus of control.
D) an external locus of control.

Question 53

People with an internal locus of control believe that events turn out as they do based on

A) environmental factors.
B) previous disappointments.
C) their own actions.
D) fate and luck.

Question 54

Which strategy is used by many athletes to visualize the attainment of goals?

A) Coaching
B) Imagined rehearsal
C) Athletic imagery
D) Vicarious performance

Question 55

When applying the strategy of shaping to behavior change, one should

A) set very demanding goals for oneself.
B) only reward oneself when reaching the main goal.
C) use small achievable steps.
D) expect this strategy to provide immediate success.

Question 56

Judy strives to stay healthy. When she notices herself engaging in an unhealthy behavior, she makes a plan and takes action to get back on track. No challenge is too tough for her to take on. Judy has

A) self-control.
B) self-efficacy.
C) self-awareness.
D) self-motivation.

Question 57

Not allowing yourself to think about stage fright and focusing only on the content of your speech when preparing for a presentation is an example of

A) rational-emotive therapy.
B) blocking and stopping.
C) self-talk.
D) self-rewarding.

Question 58

An adolescent smoker might think lung cancer happens only to old people. This is an example of which factor of the health belief model?

A) Perceived seriousness
B) Perceived susceptibility
C) Cues to action
D) Demographic variables

Question 59

Changing your seat in class to one closer to the front to help change your habit of napping during the lecture is an example of

A) an activity reinforcer.
B) situational inducement.
C) negative reinforcement.
D) social reinforcement.

Question 60

Going out for dinner at your favorite restaurant as a reward for finishing a big project is an example of a(n)

A) activity reinforcer.
B) manipulative reinforcer.
C) consumable reinforcer.
D) social reinforcer.

Question 61

Having unprotected sex is considered a

A) risk behavior.
B) health promotion.
C) health disparities.
D) medical treatment.

Question 62

The change model based on three factors (social environment, thoughts and feelings, and behavior) in interaction with each other is known as the

A) behavior modification model.
B) transtheoretical model.
C) health belief model.
D) social cognitive model.

Question 63

A trait or behavior that a person can actively control, such as eating habits, is a

A) modifiable determinant.
B) nonmodifiable determinant.
C) genetic defect.
D) environmental influence.

Question 64

The absence of disease or illness is the optimal description of health.

Question 65

Which behavior change model involves six distinct stages and is also known as the stages of change model?

A) Health belief model
B) Transtheoretical model
C) Social cognitive model
D) Shaping model

Question 66

Based on a recent cholesterol screening, Marlon decided that he has to stop eating so much fast food and get more exercise. Between work and school, his free time is limited, but he is determined to lower his cholesterol level and improve his overall health. The best way for Marlon to stay motivated to improve his diet and work out regularly is to

A) make weekly resolutions for how many times to work out and chastise himself if he hasn't accomplished his planned goal.
B) depend on his friends to keep him away from his favorite fast-food restaurants.
C) set reasonable goals and create short-term rewards for lowering his cholesterol level by a certain number of points.
D) set an ambitious goal and chart daily and weekly progress using online tools.

Question 67

When a person has support from others to change a behavior, this is an example of a(n)

A) enabling factor.
B) contributing factor.
C) reinforcing factor.
D) predisposing factor.

Question 68

A person whose parents smoke is more likely to smoke based on this being a(n)

A) enabling factor.
B) contributing factor.
C) reinforcing factor.
D) predisposing factor.

Question 69

A trait over which a person has no control, such as height and bone structure, is a(n)

A) modifiable determinant.
B) nonmodifiable determinant.
C) genetic defect.
D) environmental influence.

Question 70

Once you have identified a target behavior that needs to change, your next step is to

A) learn more about the behavior, its effects, and possible obstacles.
B) commit to changing all negative behaviors at the same time.
C) see a counselor to help you work out a plan.
D) consider the possible negative outcomes before proceeding.

Question 71

The achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions is

A) recovery.
B) wellness.
C) fitness.
D) motivation.

Question 72

If you set up a small reward to encourage yourself to complete each week's exercise goal, this is an example of which type of reinforcement?

A) Positive
B) Negative
C) Shaping
D) Encouraging

Question 73

Which of the following is an essential prerequisite for changing a behavior?

A) Deciding on several rewards for making the change
B) Wanting to change
C) Asking friends for advice
D) Changing environmental obstacles

Question 74

Actions that increase one's susceptibility to negative health outcomes are which type of behaviors?

A) Reinforcing
B) Predetermined
C) Risk
D) Influential

Question 75

The process of taking small individual steps toward a behavior change goal is

A) action.
B) journaling.
C) preparation.
D) shaping.

Question 76

The ever-changing process of achieving individual potential in the physical, social, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and environmental dimensions is the definition of

A) health.
B) satisfaction.
C) fitness.
D) recovery.

Question 77

Differences in health conditions among specific populations are

A) risk behaviors.
B) health promotions.
C) health disparities.
D) medical treatments.

Question 78

Educational, organizational, procedural, and environmental support aimed at helping a given population change health-related behaviors is

A) risk behavior.
B) health promotion.
C) health disparities.
D) medical treatment.

Question 79

Which change model was created to illustrate how firmly held ideas affect behavior change?

A) Health belief model
B) Transtheoretical model
C) Social cognitive model
D) Shaping model

Question 80

The stage of change a smoker is in when he or she has no intention of quitting is

A) preparation.
B) contemplation.
C) precontemplation.
D) maintenance.