Deck 12: Reaching and Maintaining a Healthy Weight

Question 1

Problems with the BMI measurement include that

A) it is an indirect estimate of body fat.
B) it requires the use of special laboratory equipment.
C) it takes too long to calculate.
D) it cannot be used for children.

Answer 1

it is an indirect estimate of body fat.

Question 2

What percentage of adult Americans are overweight or obese?

A) More than 20% but less than 30%
B) More than 30% but less than 40%
C) More than 50% but less than 60%
D) More than 60%

Answer 2

More than 60%

Question 3

The body fat percentage below which a woman is considered to be underweight is

A) 1% to 2%.
B) 3% to 7%.
C) 8% to 10%.
D) 8% to 15%.

Answer 3

8% to 15%.

Question 4

A 26-year-old male would be considered obese if

A) he has a body mass index of 30 or higher.
B) he is 15% heavier than his ideal weight.
C) he has a body fat percentage of 20%.
D) he has a body mass index of 22-24.

Question 5

The method of body composition measurement that sends a small current through the body to measure the resistance based on percentage of body water is

A) electrical conductivity test.
B) bioelectrical impedance analysis.
C) soft tissue roentgenogram.
D) dual-energy x-ray absorpiometry.

Question 6

A 20-year-old female with a BMI of 34 would be categorized as

A) athletic.
B) healthy.
C) obese.
D) morbidly obese.

Question 7

A high waist-to-hip ratio would indicate that more fat is stored

A) in the hips and thighs.
B) in the abdominal area.
C) in the upper body.
D) in the neck and face.

Question 8

Obesity is a risk factor for

A) heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes.
B) certain forms of cancer.
C) type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
D) cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Question 9

Which environmental factor encourages us to increase our food consumption?

A) Easy access to high-calorie foods in stores and restaurants
B) Increasing number of regulations that apply to food labeling
C) Social encouragement to work out and be active
D) Increasing use of texting for cell phone communication

Question 10

The U.S. population has become increasingly sedentary because

A) people spend more time sitting at home and at work.
B) people have less access to health clubs than in the past.
C) physical education is required in schools.
D) people are under more stress at work.

Question 11

The body fat percentage below which a man is considered to be underweight is

A) 1% to 2%.
B) 3% to 7%.
C) 8% to 10%.
D) 8% to 15%.

Question 12

Sharon is of average height and build. Although she doesn't appear to be overweight, a personal trainer measured her body fat at 30%. This discrepancy is likely due to

A) Sharon having low bone density.
B) Sharon having a lower-than-average amount of muscle mass.
C) Sharon having more dense form of fat compared to most people.
D) Sharon having a higher-than-average amount of muscle mass.

Question 13

An individual who is 22 percent above his or her ideal weight would be classified as

A) average.
B) overweight.
C) obese.
D) morbidly obese.

Question 14

A good way to control portion sizes when you eat at home is to

A) serve the food buffet style to reduce trips to the kitchen.
B) serve meals on smaller plates.
C) eat more frozen and convenience foods.
D) eat restaurant leftovers several times a week.

Question 15

When trying to determine her ideal, healthy weight, a woman should be less concerned about comparing herself to her friends and more concerned about

A) the body structure of close family members.
B) how often her weight fluctuates up and down and in what increments.
C) her percentage of body fat and how her weight is distributed.
D) how her clothes fit.

Question 16

The amount of energy the body uses at complete rest is known as the

A) resting metabolic rate.
B) basal metabolic rate.
C) metabolic balance.
D) caloric restriction.

Question 17

Which of the following is true with respect to genetics and obesity?

A) Adopted children are more likely to be similar in weight to their adopted parents as compared to their biological parents.
B) Although genes may influence fat distribution, they do not affect metabolism.
C) Studies reveal that identical twins are more likely than fraternal twins to be of similar weight.
D) Studies reveal that fraternal twins are more likely than identical twins to be of similar weight.

Question 18

All of the following are scientific methods for determining body composition EXCEPT

A) height and weight tables.
B) bioelectrical impedance analysis.
C) skinfold measures.
D) hydrostatic measures.

Question 19

When blood levels of the hormone leptin rise,

A) appetite levels increase.
B) you feel like exercising.
C) appetite levels decrease.
D) you can consume large amounts of food without gaining weight.

Question 20

John underwent a body composition test that involved being submerged to compare his underwater weight with land weight to determine the amount body fat. This method of assessment is known as a

A) skinfold measure.
B) hydrostatic weighing.
C) bioelectrical impedance analysis.
D) Bod Pod test.

Question 21

When fasting or eating a very-low-calorie diet for prolonged periods, the body will obtain fuel from its energy stores. One of the last reserves the body will use is

A) subcutaneous fat.
B) fat stored in the liver.
C) protein in muscle and organ tissue.
D) glycogen stores in the brain.

Question 22

The body adapts to prolonged fasting or carbohydrate deprivation by converting body fat to ketones to be used as fuel for brain cells, a process known as

A) ketosis.
B) ketogenesis.
C) hyperplasia.
D) stenosis.

Question 23

Some scientists believe that the hypothalamus does all of the following EXCEPT

A) monitors the level of certain nutrients in the blood.
B) aids in adaptive thermogenesis.
C) regulates appetite.
D) disrupts adaptive thermogenesis.

Question 24

Aaron is trying to lose weight but he still wants a snack while he is studying. He discovered that a low-calorie hot drink is a good choice because

A) hot drinks are more satisfying than many other snack choices.
B) it doesn't take much time to make a hot beverage.
C) hot drinks don't contain any fat.
D) hot drinks are the best way to replace fluids after exercising.

Question 25

What percentage of dieters are likely to regain lost weight within two years?

A) 20%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 26

Over the last 20 years, the calorie intake of Americans has increased. This is due in part to

A) increased consumption of fat.
B) the inability to recognize normal serving sizes.
C) the increase in low-price restaurant chains.
D) increased consumption of organic food.

Question 27

An individual who is fasting will deplete his or her energy stores in about

A) 2 days.
B) 6 days.
C) 10 days.
D) 14 days.

Question 28

In addition to the United States, which of the following nations or regions are also experiencing an obesity epidemic?

A) Mexico and the United Kingdom
B) Japan and Korea
C) Mexico and Central America
D) The United Kingdom and Scandinavia

Question 29

Problems associated with severe caloric restriction include all of the following EXCEPT

A) blood sugar imbalance.
B) fatigue.
C) dehydration.
D) increased tolerance to cold.

Question 30

A person's exercise metabolic rate (EMR) will increase if he or she

A) decreases the time spent exercising.
B) performs light daily activities instead of structured exercise routines.
C) increases the activity level from light to moderate.
D) decreases the activity level from moderate to light.

Question 31

Which of the following people would be most likely to notice the effects of an age-related decline in metabolic rate?

A) 25-year-old student
B) 25-year-old truck driver
C) 30-year-old computer programmer
D) 30-year-old pregnant woman

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT true about weight management?

A) Low calorie diets increase the risk of disordered eating.
B) Depression and stress can influence a person's ability to lose weight.
C) Short-term diets are not as effective as long-term behavior modification.
D) Long-term behavior modification is not as effective as short-term diets.

Question 33

Individuals who go on and off starvation diets multiple times to lose weight will likely end up with

A) an increased ability to lose weight each time.
B) a decreased ability to lose weight without drugs.
C) a lower basal metabolic rate.
D) a higher basal metabolic rate.

Question 34

In planning a weight management program that has the best chance of success you must

A) decide to eliminate all fat from the diet.
B) think of weight management as a temporary phase.
C) set realistic short- and long-term goals.
D) follow a formal plan such as Weight Watchers.

Question 35

The concept of adaptive thermogenesis attempts to explain

A) how genetics influences childhood obesity.
B) how thin people can consume large amounts of calories without gaining weight.
C) how obese people conserve calories, which makes it harder to lose weight.
D) how metabolic rate slows down as we age.

Question 36

A good way to control portion sizes when you eat out is to

A) choose your meal from a buffet instead of ordering from the menu.
B) split an entrée with a friend or eat only half and take the other half home.
C) order both appetizer and entrée courses.
D) select a vegetarian meal that contains no meat or dairy.

Question 37

People who seemingly can eat whatever they want without gaining weight usually

A) don't actually consume that many calories.
B) are very active in their daily routines.
C) have low resting metabolic rates.
D) have a past history of restrictive diets.

Question 38

Higher metabolic rates during growth and development periods such as puberty and pregnancy are part of

A) an increased need for rest.
B) the body getting older.
C) rapid bodily changes.
D) the digestive process.

Question 39

Data from the National Health Interview Survey show that 4 in 10 adults

A) never engage in any exercise, sports, or physically active hobbies.
B) participate in daily physical activity.
C) participate in athletic activities on a regular basis.
D) participate in vigorous physical exercise at least 3 times per week.

Question 40

Kevin wants to lose 5 pounds of fat. He finds it hard to cut back on his eating, so he decides that he will walk an hour each day to burn more calories. How many extra calories must he expend to lose a pound of fat?

A) 2,000
B) 3,000
C) 3,500
D) 4,500

Question 41

Over-the-counter weight loss supplements typically contain

A) diuretics.
B) vitamins.
C) antidepressants.
D) minerals.

Question 42

Which theory holds that our bodies fight to maintain our weight within a particular narrow range?

A) Hormone adjustment theory
B) Set point theory
C) Thrifty gene theory
D) Adaptive thermogenesis theory

Question 43

The weight loss drugs Redux and Pondimin (also known as fen-phen) were recalled after FDA approval and widespread use because they were found to

A) produce drastic ketosis.
B) damage heart valves.
C) cause cancer.
D) damage the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 44

The prescription drug orlistat (Xenical, marketed as Alli) has a number of unpleasant side effects but works to promote weight loss by

A) increasing resting metabolic rate.
B) inhibits the digestion of fat.
C) suppressing appetite.
D) increasing water loss.

Question 45

When an individual's body increases its metabolic rate to compensate for an increased food intake, this is the process known as

A) adaptive thermogenesis.
B) ketogenesis.
C) digestion.
D) enhanced metabolism.

Question 46

When a clinician measures a person's body fat by pinching folds of skin at various locations on the body, the process being used is the

A) skinfold method.
B) DXA method.
C) hydrostatic method.
D) BIA method.

Question 47

Annie had a long day at work and has an overwhelming craving for pasta. She decides to ask her friend Nicole to meet her at their favorite Italian restaurant. Annie is experiencing

A) adaptive thermogenesis.
B) hunger.
C) appetite.
D) satiety.

Question 48

Keith is having a complete fitness evaluation done at a health center. One of the measurements being taken is how much energy he expends while jogging on a treadmill, which is his

A) calorie intake.
B) basal metabolic rate.
C) exercise metabolic rate.
D) resting metabolic rate.

Question 49

Jorge went for a run after his morning classes. He hadn't eaten breakfast and now he is feeling lightheaded and has a gnawing feeling in his stomach. Jorge is experiencing

A) adaptive thermogenesis.
B) hunger.
C) appetite.
D) satiety.

Question 50

Liposuction is used to

A) restrict the calories absorbed by the body.
B) spot reduce or contour body shape.
C) decrease levels of leptin.
D) reroute the passage of food through the body.

Question 51

An individual whose BMI is 42 would be classified as

A) overweight.
B) obese.
C) morbidly obese.
D) super obese.

Question 52

Benefits of gastric bypass surgery include the potential to cure

A) certain types of cancers.
B) type 2 diabetes.
C) infections.
D) Crohn's disease.

Question 53

Currently there is no prescription weight loss drug available that can be used over time without increasing the chances of

A) relapse and weight gain.
B) excess fluid loss.
C) adverse effects.
D) adverse effects and abuse.

Question 54

When a clinician measures a person's body fat by using x-rays to differentiate between bone, lean, and fat tissue, the process being used is the

A) skinfold method.
B) DXA method.
C) hydrostatic method.
D) BIA method.

Question 55

Allen has just eaten a large meal and pushes his plate away, unable to eat any more. He is experiencing

A) adaptive thermogenesis.
B) hunger.
C) appetite.
D) satiety.

Question 56

The measure of energy he expended while a person is engaged in sedentary activities, such as sitting on a sofa, or digesting food is the

A) calorie intake.
B) basal metabolic rate.
C) exercise metabolic rate.
D) resting metabolic rate.

Question 57

Gastric bypass is considered a(n)

A) restrictive surgery.
B) malabsorption surgery.
C) cardiovascular surgery.
D) elimination surgery.

Question 58

Which theory holds that some people have a genetic disposition toward fat storage and retaining weight?

A) Hormone adjustment theory
B) Set point theory
C) Thrifty gene theory
D) Adaptive thermogenesis theory

Question 59

A measurement based on the relationship between a person's height and weight that is highly correlated to the amount of body fat is the

A) body composition index.
B) obesity index.
C) body fat index.
D) body mass index.

Question 60

A hormone produced in the stomach that is referred to as the "hunger hormone" is

A) leptin.
B) adrenaline.
C) ghrelin.
D) insulin.

Question 61

Two males of equal size and leanness but different ages will burn the same amount of calories at rest.

Question 62

A mother's decision to bottle-feed her baby, as opposed to breast-feeding, would increase the child's chances of becoming obese.

Question 63

Some forms of cancer are associated with obesity.

Question 64

Since the 1970s, the obesity rate among U.S. children and teens has increased rapidly, with the highest increase occurring among

A) children aged 3-5.
B) children aged 6-10.
C) children aged 10-12.
D) adolescents aged 12-19.

Question 65

The prevalence of obesity is consistent across all subpopulations in the United States.

Question 66

Paula was athletic in high school and maintained her normal weight during her freshman year in college. During her sophomore year, she moved off-campus and shared an apartment with two friends who were overweight. The three regularly enjoyed late nights watching movies and indulging in pizza and other snacks. As the holiday break approached, Paula realized that she had gained more than 20 pounds. Which type of influence were her friends having on her behavior?

A) Moral support
B) Emotional encouragement
C) Social reinforcement
D) Informal persuasion

Question 67

Basal metabolic rate is relatively stable throughout life.

Question 68

Exercising 30 minutes a day is a sufficient amount of physical activity for maintaining a stable weight.

Question 69

As Body Mass Index increases, an adult's overall health risk also increases.

Question 70

An obese person burns fewer calories walking the same distance as a thin person.

Question 71

Cell phones, computers, and other modern technologies have contributed to the current obesity epidemic.

Question 72

Which type of weight loss surgery involves a procedure that restricts stomach size to limit food intake?

A) Adipose tissue removal
B) Liposuction
C) Gastric banding
D) Gastric bypass

Question 73

A condition in which a person has an excessive number of fat cells is

A) hyperglycemia.
B) hypertrophy.
C) hyperthyroidism.
D) hyperplasia.

Question 74

In working to improve your eating habits, one important step to take is to

A) tell all your friends about your new plan.
B) eat more slowly and stop when you begin to feel full.
C) read the best-selling diet books and choose a diet to follow.
D) go on an all-liquid diet for the first two weeks to cleanse your system.

Question 75

Which type of dieting involves a cycle of restriction and weight loss followed by a period of weight gain?

A) Yo-yo diets
B) Low-carbohydrate diets
C) Very-low-calorie diets
D) Fasting

Question 76

The process that occurs when fat cells swell and enlarge is

A) hyperglycemia.
B) hypertrophy.
C) hyperthyroidism.
D) hyperplasia.

Question 77

Extremely low body fat can contribute to amenorrhea in females.

Question 78

The exercise metabolic rate would be lower for walking versus jogging.

Question 79

Which type of dieting involves a restriction of total food intake to a small amount or the exclusive use of powder or liquid formulas as the source of nourishment?

A) Yo-yo diets
B) Low-carbohydrate diets
C) Very-low-calorie diets
D) Fasting

Question 80

Emotions or situations that cause a person to make unhealthy eating choices are

A) triggers.
B) pressures.
C) behaviors.
D) feelings.