Deck 16: Autoimmunity

Question 1

What role does receptor-activated NF-kB ligand (RANKL) play in rheumatoid arthritis?

A) Degrades hyaluronic acid
B) Produces rheumatoid factor
C) Stimulates osteoclasts to destroy bone
D) Increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)

Answer 1

Stimulates osteoclasts to destroy bone

Question 2

Reactive arthritis is triggered by:

A) Food
B) Medications
C) Infectious disease
D) Rheumatoid factor

Answer 2

Infectious disease

Question 3

Most patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis have antibodies to:

A) T₃ and T₄
B) Thyroglobulin
C) TSH receptors
D) TRH receptors

Answer 3

Thyroglobulin

Question 4

Patients with pernicious anemia have antibodies to:

A) Vitamin B₁₂
B) Hemoglobin
C) Intrinsic factor
D) Red blood cells (RBCs)

Question 5

The symptoms of myasthenia gravis are caused by:

A) Destruction of type IV collagen
B) Decreased levels of thyroid hormones
C) Destruction of acetylcholine receptors
D) Deposition of immune complexes in tissue

Question 6

What is the difference between SLE and drug-induced SLE?

A) There are no memory cells produced in drug-induced SLE.
B) There are no antibodies produced during drug-induced SLE.
C) SLE can resolve over time, but drug-induced SLE is a life-long illness.
D) More men suffer from SLE, but more women experience drug-induced SLE.

Question 7

Which of the following is a symptom of Graves' disease?

A) Bulging eyes
B) Double vision
C) Blurred vision
D) Drooping eyelids

Question 8

Plasmapheresis is an effective treatment for:

A) Graves' disease
B) Myasthenia gravis
C) Goodpasture syndrome
D) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Question 9

Type 1 diabetes involves destruction of pancreatic:
I- b Cells
II- d Cells
III- a Cells

A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II
D) II and III
E) I, II, and III

Question 10

Epstein-Barr virus is associated with the etiology of which of the following autoimmune diseases?
I. Type 1 diabetes
II. Rheumatoid arthritis
III. Ankylosing spondylitis

A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II
D) II and III
E) I, II, and III

Question 11

Patients with Graves' disease often experience:

A) Weight gain
B) Rapid heart rate
C) Photosensitivity
D) Weakness of skeletal muscles

Question 12

Which of the following autoimmune disorders involves a complement defect?

A) Rheumatic fever
B) Goodpasture syndrome
C) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
D) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Question 13

Which is one way that a microbial infection may act as a trigger for an autoimmune disease?

A) Microbial antigens may closely resemble self-antigens.
B) Microbes may colonize the lymph nodes and overstimulate T and B cells.
C) Microbes may secrete chemicals that resemble cytokines and inappropriately activate an immune response to self-antigens.
D) Microbial antigens may be distributed out into tissues and remain for long periods of time, triggering an extended immune response that also targets the host.

Question 14

The goiter associated with Graves' disease is caused by:

A) Inhibition of TSH receptors
B) Inhibition of TRH receptors
C) Constant stimulation of TSH receptors
D) Constant stimulation of TRH receptors

Question 15

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), as well as other infections, may contribute to the development of which autoimmune disorder?

A) Diabetes
B) Myasthenia gravis
C) Pernicious anemia
D) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Question 16

The autoimmune response in patients with Goodpasture syndrome results in damage to the basement membrane of the:

A) Lungs and kidneys
B) Liver and pancreas
C) Heart and skeletal muscles
D) Thyroid and hypothalamus

Question 17

What is the function of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A) Stimulates production of TSH
B) Stimulates production of thyroglobulin
C) Stimulates production of thyroid releasing hormone (TRH)
D) Stimulates production of triiodothyronine (T₃ ) and thyroxine (T₄)

Question 18

In Goodpasture syndrome, antigens that are normally sequestered are exposed, and antibodies are produced that react with those antigens. What is a potential factor that could lead to exposure of these normally hidden self-antigens?
I. Toxins
II. Infection
III. Smoking

A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II
D) II and III
E) I, II, and III

Question 19

What causes increased thirst in patients with untreated or uncontrolled diabetes?

A) Glucose in the kidney changes pH, which alters fluid balance.
B) Glucose in the kidney damages cells that control water movement.
C) Glucose in the kidney changes osmolarity, which increases water output.
D) Glucose in the kidney damages the glomerulus and too much water is filtered.

Question 20

What is the main immune target of ankylosing spondylitis?

A) Heart
B) Joints
C) Pancreas
D) Vertebrae