Deck 25: Vaccine-Preventable Diseases

Question 1

Which type of tetanus involves Clostridium tetani organisms present in the middle ear and can cause facial paralysis?

A) Cephalic tetanus
B) Neonatal tetanus
C) Localized tetanus
D) Generalized tetanus

Answer 1

Cephalic tetanus

Question 2

A vaccine for diphtheria may be combined with vaccines for which of the following agents?
I. Pertussis
II. Hepatitis B
III. Haemophilus

A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II
D) II and III
E) I, II, and III

Answer 2

I and II

Question 3

Why is the oral polio vaccine no longer used in the United States?

A) A more effective form was developed.
B) The oral form did not stimulate mucosal immunity.
C) Contaminated vaccines were removed from the market.
D) Risk of transmission of or infection with reverted virulent polio virus.

Answer 3

Risk of transmission of or infection with reverted virulent polio virus.

Question 4

Patients with tetanus experience characteristic unpredictable muscle spasms, which are caused by:

A) Uncontrolled glycine release
B) Uncontrolled increases of cAMP
C) Uncontrolled acetylcholine release
D) Uncontrolled g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release

Question 5

Which of the following infectious agents are capable of forming spores?
I. Clostridium tetani
II. Bordetella pertussis
III. Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II
D) II and III
E) I, II, and III

Question 6

Which of the following are pathogens that cause meningitis?
I. Polio virus
II. Rubeola virus
III. Haemophilus influenzae type b

A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II
D) II and III
E) I, II, and III

Question 7

The diphtheria toxin targets cellular machinery, leading to the outcome of:

A) Increased transcription
B) Decreased protein synthesis
C) Increased DNA methylation
D) Decreased cAMP production

Question 8

Which of the following are toxoid vaccines?
I. Tetanus
II. Pertussis
III. Diphtheria

A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II
D) II and III
E) I, II, and III

Question 9

Which of the following are live, attenuated vaccines?

A) Rubella and hepatitis B
B) Rotavirus and papilloma virus
C) Mumps and measles (rubeola)
D) Influenza (intramuscular [IM] form) and hepatitis A

Question 10

What is the mechanism of suppression of the immune system by the measles (rubeola) virus?

A) Infected lymphocytes undergo apoptosis.
B) Infected B cells cannot produce antibodies.
C) Infected CTLs cannot kill virus-infected cells.
D) Infected macrophages cannot function properly.

Question 11

The role that herd immunity plays in vaccination is to:

A) To get 100% of people vaccinated
B) To stop person-to-person transmission
C) To reduce the need for vaccinations among family members
D) To completely eliminate an infectious agent from the population

Question 12

In a vaccine such as Menactra, what is the main purpose of linking the capsular polysaccharides of Neisseria meningitis to the diphtheria toxin?

A) To stimulate a T cell-dependent immune response
B) To eliminate infections that commonly occur together
C) To add another vaccine to reduce the number of injections a patient receives
D) To prevent destruction of the polysaccharide antigens before an immune response can be mounted

Question 13

Which of the following is a virulence factor for Haemophilus influenzae type b?

A) Pertactin
B) Polyribosyl phosphate
C) Polysaccharide capsule
D) Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) endotoxin

Question 14

Which form(s) of polio result(s) in paralysis of the diaphragm and death caused by respiratory arrest?
I. Spinal polio
II. Bulbar polio
III. Bulbospinal polio

A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II
D) II and III
E) I, II, and III

Question 15

Pertussis toxin (PTx) causes what outcome in cells?

A) Reducing EF-2 activity
B) Accumulation of cAMP
C) Increased release of IL-1
D) Necrosis of respiratory tissue

Question 16

Bordetella pertussis uses filamentous hemagglutinin for what purpose?

A) Inactivates synaptobrevin
B) Binds to gangliosides on nerves
C) Facilitates lysis of red blood cells
D) Attaches to cells in the respiratory tract

Question 17

Immunization against ____________ is protective against otitis media.

A) Pertussis
B) Neisseria spp.
C) Pneumococcus
D) Haemophilus influenza type b

Question 18

Measles and German measles are clinically similar because:

A) Both cause arthritis.
B) The spots of the rash are similar in size.
C) They are caused by different strains of the virus.
D) The rashes start at the head and neck and spread down the body.

Question 19

Corynebacterium diphtheriae colonizes:

A) Heart and liver
B) Muscle and liver
C) Tonsils and pharynx
D) Kidneys and adrenal glands

Question 20

What is the purpose of the polysaccharide capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A) Prevents antibodies from binding
B) Prevents phagocytosis of the bacteria
C) Allows the bacteria to stick to host cell surfaces to colonize
D) Allows the bacteria to move through tissue more effectively

Question 21

Following resolution of the lesions of shingles, patients may continue to experience what symptom for months?

A) Pain
B) Arthritis
C) Immunosuppression
D) Swollen lymph nodes

Question 22

Children who take aspirin while they have chickenpox are at risk for Reye syndrome, which may be fatal due to organ damage. What is the cellular process that is affected by aspirin to cause organ damage?

A) DNA synthesis is inhibited.
B) ATP production is inhibited.
C) Protein synthesis is inhibited.
D) Detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is inhibited.

Question 23

Gardasil and Cervarix are vaccines that protect against papilloma viruses that may cause:

A) Breast cancer
B) Uterine cancer
C) Ovarian cancer
D) Cervical cancer

Question 24

Why will the Zostavax vaccine be phased out over time?

A) Because the virus can mutate and the vaccine will no longer be effective
B) Because with prolonged use of the vaccine, patients will no longer mount a proper immune response to the virus
C) Because older patients are less likely to be able to afford the vaccine, so it is more cost effective to vaccinate children
D) Because all children will have been vaccinated against Varicella zoster so they will not get shingles when they are older

Question 25

Why was the first rotavirus vaccine in the United States removed from the market?

A) It caused jaundice.
B) It caused allergic reactions.
C) It caused bowel obstructions.
D) It caused cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 26

All available hepatitis B vaccines are:

A) Killed vaccines
B) Subunit vaccines
C) Combination vaccines
D) Live, attenuated vaccines

Question 27

What is the difference between the Zostavax and Viravax vaccines?

A) Zostavax has more strains of the virus than Viravax.
B) Zostavax has a higher concentration of virus than Viravax.
C) Viravax has killed virus and Zostavax has live, attenuated virus.
D) Viravax is a combination vaccine with Hib vaccine, and Zostavax is a single vaccine.

Question 28

What is the main symptom of rotavirus infection?

A) Cough
B) Diarrhea
C) Cold sore
D) Swollen salivary glands

Question 29

What role does hemagglutinin have in the influenza viral lifecycle?

A) Virulence factor that facilitates viral assembly in the host cell
B) Virulence factor responsible for viral binding to mammalian cells
C) Virulence factor that facilitates release of viral progeny from host cells
D) Virulence factor responsible for increasing replication of viral nucleic acids

Question 30

Which of the following viruses may be retained for years in the nervous system and reactivated later with different disease symptoms?

A) Rubella
B) Varicella
C) Hepatitis A
D) Measles (rubeola)