Question 1

What is the difference between the Zostavax and Viravax vaccines?

Accepted Answer

A)  Zostavax has more strains of the virus than Viravax. 
B)  Zostavax has a higher concentration of virus than Viravax. 
C)  Viravax has killed virus and Zostavax has live, attenuated virus. 
D)  Viravax is a combination vaccine with Hib vaccine, and Zostavax is a single vaccine. 
A)  Zostavax has more strains of the virus than Viravax. 
B)  Zostavax has a higher concentration of virus than Viravax. 
C)  Viravax has killed virus and Zostavax has live, attenuated virus. 
D)  Viravax is a combination vaccine with Hib vaccine, and Zostavax is a single vaccine. B

Question 2

A vaccine for diphtheria may be combined with vaccines for which of the following agents? 
I. Pertussis
II. Hepatitis B
III. Haemophilus

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  III only 
C)  I and II 
D)  II and III 
E)  I, II, and III 
A)  I only 
B)  III only 
C)  I and II 
D)  II and III 
E)  I, II, and III C

Question 3

All available hepatitis B vaccines are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Killed vaccines 
B)  Subunit vaccines 
C)  Combination vaccines 
D)  Live, attenuated vaccines 
A)  Killed vaccines 
B)  Subunit vaccines 
C)  Combination vaccines 
D)  Live, attenuated vaccines B

Question 4

Why will the Zostavax vaccine be phased out over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because the virus can mutate and the vaccine will no longer be effective 
B)  Because with prolonged use of the vaccine, patients will no longer mount a proper immune response to the virus 
C)  Because older patients are less likely to be able to afford the vaccine, so it is more cost effective to vaccinate children 
D)  Because all children will have been vaccinated against Varicella zoster so they will not get shingles when they are older 
A)  Because the virus can mutate and the vaccine will no longer be effective 
B)  Because with prolonged use of the vaccine, patients will no longer mount a proper immune response to the virus 
C)  Because older patients are less likely to be able to afford the vaccine, so it is more cost effective to vaccinate children 
D)  Because all children will have been vaccinated against Varicella zoster so they will not get shingles when they are older

Question 5

Why was the first rotavirus vaccine in the United States removed from the market?

Accepted Answer

A)  It caused jaundice. 
B)  It caused allergic reactions. 
C)  It caused bowel obstructions. 
D)  It caused cardiac arrhythmias. 
A)  It caused jaundice. 
B)  It caused allergic reactions. 
C)  It caused bowel obstructions. 
D)  It caused cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 6

What is the mechanism of suppression of the immune system by the measles (rubeola) virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infected lymphocytes undergo apoptosis. 
B)  Infected B cells cannot produce antibodies. 
C)  Infected CTLs cannot kill virus-infected cells. 
D)  Infected macrophages cannot function properly. 
A)  Infected lymphocytes undergo apoptosis. 
B)  Infected B cells cannot produce antibodies. 
C)  Infected CTLs cannot kill virus-infected cells. 
D)  Infected macrophages cannot function properly.

Question 7

What is the purpose of the polysaccharide capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prevents antibodies from binding 
B)  Prevents phagocytosis of the bacteria 
C)  Allows the bacteria to stick to host cell surfaces to colonize 
D)  Allows the bacteria to move through tissue more effectively 
A)  Prevents antibodies from binding 
B)  Prevents phagocytosis of the bacteria 
C)  Allows the bacteria to stick to host cell surfaces to colonize 
D)  Allows the bacteria to move through tissue more effectively

Question 8

Which type of tetanus involves Clostridium tetani organisms present in the middle ear and can cause facial paralysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cephalic tetanus 
B)  Neonatal tetanus 
C)  Localized tetanus 
D)  Generalized tetanus 
A)  Cephalic tetanus 
B)  Neonatal tetanus 
C)  Localized tetanus 
D)  Generalized tetanus

Question 9

In a vaccine such as Menactra, what is the main purpose of linking the capsular polysaccharides of Neisseria meningitis to the diphtheria toxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  To stimulate a T cell-dependent immune response 
B)  To eliminate infections that commonly occur together 
C)  To add another vaccine to reduce the number of injections a patient receives 
D)  To prevent destruction of the polysaccharide antigens before an immune response can be mounted 
A)  To stimulate a T cell-dependent immune response 
B)  To eliminate infections that commonly occur together 
C)  To add another vaccine to reduce the number of injections a patient receives 
D)  To prevent destruction of the polysaccharide antigens before an immune response can be mounted

Question 10

What role does hemagglutinin have in the influenza viral lifecycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Virulence factor that facilitates viral assembly in the host cell 
B)  Virulence factor responsible for viral binding to mammalian cells 
C)  Virulence factor that facilitates release of viral progeny from host cells 
D)  Virulence factor responsible for increasing replication of viral nucleic acids 
A)  Virulence factor that facilitates viral assembly in the host cell 
B)  Virulence factor responsible for viral binding to mammalian cells 
C)  Virulence factor that facilitates release of viral progeny from host cells 
D)  Virulence factor responsible for increasing replication of viral nucleic acids

Question 11

Corynebacterium diphtheriae colonizes:

Accepted Answer

A)  Heart and liver 
B)  Muscle and liver 
C)  Tonsils and pharynx 
D)  Kidneys and adrenal glands 
A)  Heart and liver 
B)  Muscle and liver 
C)  Tonsils and pharynx 
D)  Kidneys and adrenal glands

Question 12

Which of the following infectious agents are capable of forming spores? 
I. Clostridium tetani
II. Bordetella pertussis
III. Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  III only 
C)  I and II 
D)  II and III 
E)  I, II, and III 
A)  I only 
B)  III only 
C)  I and II 
D)  II and III 
E)  I, II, and III

Question 13

Following resolution of the lesions of shingles, patients may continue to experience what symptom for months?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pain 
B)  Arthritis 
C)  Immunosuppression 
D)  Swollen lymph nodes 
A)  Pain 
B)  Arthritis 
C)  Immunosuppression 
D)  Swollen lymph nodes

Question 14

The diphtheria toxin targets cellular machinery, leading to the outcome of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased transcription 
B)  Decreased protein synthesis 
C)  Increased DNA methylation 
D)  Decreased cAMP production 
A)  Increased transcription 
B)  Decreased protein synthesis 
C)  Increased DNA methylation 
D)  Decreased cAMP production

Question 15

Which of the following is a virulence factor for Haemophilus influenzae type b?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pertactin 
B)  Polyribosyl phosphate 
C)  Polysaccharide capsule 
D)  Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) endotoxin 
A)  Pertactin 
B)  Polyribosyl phosphate 
C)  Polysaccharide capsule 
D)  Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) endotoxin

Question 16

Measles and German measles are clinically similar because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Both cause arthritis. 
B)  The spots of the rash are similar in size. 
C)  They are caused by different strains of the virus. 
D)  The rashes start at the head and neck and spread down the body. 
A)  Both cause arthritis. 
B)  The spots of the rash are similar in size. 
C)  They are caused by different strains of the virus. 
D)  The rashes start at the head and neck and spread down the body.

Question 17

What is the main symptom of rotavirus infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cough 
B)  Diarrhea 
C)  Cold sore 
D)  Swollen salivary glands 
A)  Cough 
B)  Diarrhea 
C)  Cold sore 
D)  Swollen salivary glands

Question 18

Children who take aspirin while they have chickenpox are at risk for Reye syndrome, which may be fatal due to organ damage. What is the cellular process that is affected by aspirin to cause organ damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA synthesis is inhibited. 
B)  ATP production is inhibited. 
C)  Protein synthesis is inhibited. 
D)  Detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is inhibited. 
A)  DNA synthesis is inhibited. 
B)  ATP production is inhibited. 
C)  Protein synthesis is inhibited. 
D)  Detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is inhibited.

Question 19

Pertussis toxin (PTx) causes what outcome in cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reducing EF-2 activity 
B)  Accumulation of cAMP 
C)  Increased release of IL-1 
D)  Necrosis of respiratory tissue 
A)  Reducing EF-2 activity 
B)  Accumulation of cAMP 
C)  Increased release of IL-1 
D)  Necrosis of respiratory tissue

Question 20

Immunization against ____________ is protective against otitis media.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pertussis 
B)  Neisseria spp. 
C)  Pneumococcus 
D)  Haemophilus influenza type b 
A)  Pertussis 
B)  Neisseria spp. 
C)  Pneumococcus 
D)  Haemophilus influenza type b

Exam 25: Vaccine-Preventable Diseases

What is the difference between the Zostavax and Viravax vaccines?

A vaccine for diphtheria may be combined with vaccines for which of the following agents? I. Pertussis II. Hepatitis B III. Haemophilus

All available hepatitis B vaccines are:

Why will the Zostavax vaccine be phased out over time?

Why was the first rotavirus vaccine in the United States removed from the market?

What is the mechanism of suppression of the immune system by the measles (rubeola) virus?

What is the purpose of the polysaccharide capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Which type of tetanus involves Clostridium tetani organisms present in the middle ear and can cause facial paralysis?

In a vaccine such as Menactra, what is the main purpose of linking the capsular polysaccharides of Neisseria meningitis to the diphtheria toxin?

What role does hemagglutinin have in the influenza viral lifecycle?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae colonizes:

Which of the following infectious agents are capable of forming spores? I. Clostridium tetani II. Bordetella pertussis III. Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Following resolution of the lesions of shingles, patients may continue to experience what symptom for months?

The diphtheria toxin targets cellular machinery, leading to the outcome of:

Which of the following is a virulence factor for Haemophilus influenzae type b?

Measles and German measles are clinically similar because:

What is the main symptom of rotavirus infection?

Children who take aspirin while they have chickenpox are at risk for Reye syndrome, which may be fatal due to organ damage. What is the cellular process that is affected by aspirin to cause organ damage?

Pertussis toxin (PTx) causes what outcome in cells?

Immunization against ____________ is protective against otitis media.

Cells and Organs of the Immune System

Innate Immunity

Immunogenicity and Antigenicity

Antigen Presenting Molecules

Antigen Presenting Cells

Surface Interactions Between T Cells and Antigen-Presenting Cells

Intracellular Signaling and T Cell Activation

B Cell Activation and Signaling

Antibodies

Antibody Diversity

Complement

Phagocytosis and Intracellular Killing

Antibodies and in Vivo Therapy

Antibodies and in Vitro Research and Diagnostic Assays

Immediate Allergic Reactions

Autoimmunity

Transplantation

Antigen Presentation for Cell-Mediated Response

Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Reactions

Cytotoxic T Cells

Natural Killer Cells

Factors That Influence the Immune Response

Cytokines and Biological Modifiers

Vaccines in Theory and Practice

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

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