Deck 3: State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

Question 1

Which economic trend occurred in the first half of the seventeenth century?

A)The Mediterranean region saw a surge in economic activity.
B)Overall, the European economy expanded rapidly.
C)Silver imports from the Americas tripled.
D)Italy declined in economic importance.
E)France was unaffected by the general decline in the European economy.

Answer 1

Italy declined in economic importance.

Question 2

Define absolutism. Is it accurate to describe the French national government in the seventeenth century as an absolute monarchy?

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

Which country became dominant in Europe following the Thirty Years' War?

A)Sweden
B)England
C)Germany
D)Spain
E)France

Answer 3

France

Question 4

How and why did the English Parliament resist the Stuart's efforts to rule as absolute monarchs?

Question 5

What were the long-term consequences of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648)?

Question 6

What was the most destructive war in European history up until the middle of the seventeenth century?

A)The Thirty Years' War
B)The Hundred Years' War
C)The Wars of the Roses
D)The English Civil War
E)The Revolt of the Netherlands

Question 7

Nobles rebelled in _____ between 1648 and 1652 to halt the growth of royal power.

A)France
B)Sweden
C)Switzerland
D)Russia
E)Spain

Question 8

How did the Ottoman Empire fare in the seventeenth century? Why were Ottomans no longer a credible threat to Europe by the end of the century?

Question 9

What were the most important demographic and economic trends in Europe from 1560 to 1650? What were the social and political consequences of those trends?

Question 10

The Thirty Years' War began when _____ in Bohemia rebelled against Habsburg authority.

A)Muslim refugees
B)ethnic minorities
C)Calvinist nobles
D)Catholic peasants
E)Lutheran priests

Question 11

Why were women the most prevalent victims of Europe's witch craze? What does this reveal about the social climate at the time, and especially, ideas about gender?

Question 12

Which group was particularly susceptible to suspicion during Europe's prolonged witchcraft craze?

A)Journeymen
B)Young, aggressive men
C)Members of opposing Christian denominations
D)Merchants
E)Old women

Question 13

What was a major factor in the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War?

A)Religious disputes
B)Trade disputes
C)Famine
D)Rampant social unrest
E)Witchcraft

Question 14

Which statement best describes the witch hunts of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

A)They involved the prosecution of more than 100,000 people.
B)They were often directed against old single men.
C)They were generally directed only at people who denied that they were religious.
D)They were primarily restricted to rural areas.
E)They were minimal in comparison to the late Middle Ages.

Question 15

What steps did Louis XIV take to limit the power and autonomy of the French aristocracy?

Question 16

Compare and contrast Mannerism and the Baroque. What explains the popularity of Baroque art and music, particularly in Catholic Europe?

Question 17

What steps did the Spanish monarchy take in the first half of the seventeenth century to reverse Spain's decline? How successful were these efforts?

Question 18

Which statement best describes the Thirty Years' War?

A)It eventually involved every country in Europe and Asia.
B)It is considered by most to be the first "modern" war.
C)It is considered by most to be part of the larger Bourbon-Habsburg struggle.
D)It was primarily fought in Spain.
E)It was exclusively caused by religious differences.

Question 19

Compare the reigns of Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia and Peter the Great of Russia. How are their policies similar? How are they different?

Question 20

In what sense was the seventeenth century a "golden age" for the Dutch Republic?

Question 21

What did Louis XIV's Edict of Fontainebleau achieve?

A)It created new ranks of intendants to govern various regions of France.
B)It revoked the earlier Edict of Nantes and curtailed the rights of French Protestants.
C)It established new standards of court etiquette and was intended to diminish the power of great nobles.
D)It removed most French bishops from their sees and replaced them with nobles to strengthen Louis' control of the French Catholic Church.
E)It moved the Estates General from Paris to Fontainebleau.

Question 22

Leopold I's policy of eastward expansion was challenged by

A)the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War.
B)a coalition of western European powers.
C)an energized Sweden.
D)the collapse of the Romanov dynasty.
E)the revival of Ottoman power.

Question 23

How did Frederick William the Great Elector build Brandenburg-Prussia into a significant European power?

A)He established religious uniformity in his kingdom, as evidenced in his eviction of the Huguenots.
B)He freed the peasants from the dominion of the nobles.
C)He worked through an elected assembly whenever possible.
D)He made the General War Commissariat the bureaucratic machine of his state.
E)He allied Prussia with England and Russia against France and the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 24

Louis XIV pursued a(n) ____ policy.

A)progressive religious
B)anti-religious
C)pro-Protestant
D)anti-Catholic
E)anti-Protestant

Question 25

What is an accurate characterization of the reign of Louis XIV?

A)It was a time of unprecedented peace.
B)It was a time of almost continuous war.
C)It was a time in which the French monarchy stabilized its finances.
D)It was a time in which the French monarchy went into decline.
E)It was a time when the French and the Austrians formed a lasting alliance.

Question 26

During the reign of Philip III, the greedy duke of Lerma ran

A)Belgium.
B)Sweden.
C)France.
D)Austria.
E)Spain.

Question 27

Louis XIV became king in his own right upon the death of

A)Anne of Austria.
B)Maria de Medici.
C)Louis XIII.
D)Richelieu.
E)Mazarin.

Question 28

What was Cardinal Richelieu's greatest success as Louis XIII's chief minister?

A)Evicting the Huguenot presence from France after the La Rochelle rebellion
B)Expanding the political and social rights of the Huguenots
C)Creating a reservoir of funds for the treasury
D)Emerging victorious from the Fronde revolts of the nobility
E)Strengthening the central role of the monarchy in domestic and foreign policy

Question 29

Which statement best describes the economic policies of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV's controller general of finances?

A)They were absolutely unique in Europe.
B)They involved new accounting practices to take the tax burden off the peasants.
C)They were based on the economic theory of mercantilism.
D)They gave Louis a large surplus in the treasury that he needed to carry out his wars.
E)They could best be described as laissez-faire.

Question 30

Which group benefited from Peter the Great's cultural reforms?

A)The urban poor
B)Estate owners
C)Priests
D)Peasants
E)Women

Question 31

Where was the capital of the Habsburg Empire located?

A)Belgium
B)Poland
C)Austria
D)Bavaria
E)Turkey

Question 32

Which statement most closely describes Peter the Great of Russia?

A)His program of Europeanization was predominantly technical and aimed at modernizing the military.
B)His respect for western governments led to increased powers for the nobility.
C)His traditional, conservative attitude stripped away all previous social gains for women.
D)His desire to teach Russians western customs could not be enforced among the old-fashioned nobles.
E)He rejected Westernization in favor of Orthodoxy.

Question 33

Mazarin tried to carry on the policies of

A)Locke.
B)Calvin.
C)Henry IV.
D)Richelieu.
E)Louis XVI.

Question 34

What did Cardinal Richelieu understand to be the biggest roadblock to building a strong monarchy in Louis XIV's France?

A)The rising cost of warfare
B)The weakness of the Bourbons
C)Resistance by the great nobles
D)Armed uprisings by workers in Paris
E)Peasant revolts in the countryside

Question 35

The object of Peter the Great's domestic reforms was to make Russia

A)a military power.
B)democratic.
C)egalitarian.
D)an Asian monarchy.
E)a wholly agrarian nation.

Question 36

Louis XIV described himself as the _____ King.

A)One
B)Sun
C)Accidental
D)Humble
E)God

Question 37

Which uprising in France nearly overthrew Louis XIV early in his reign?

A)Vendee
B)Marseillaise
C)Fronde
D)Jacquerie
E)Revolution

Question 38

What best describes Russian society in the seventeenth century?

A)It witnessed the reign of Ivan the Terrible.
B)It witnessed profound religious reforms in the Russian Orthodox church.
C)It was highly stratified, with the tsar and landed aristocrats at the top and peasants bound to the land at the bottom.
D)It saw the rise of the merchant class to power.
E)It saw the end of serfdom and the emergence of a prosperous free peasantry.

Question 39

What happened to the Holy Roman Empire after 1648?

A)It became one of the most powerful and centralized monarchies in Europe under the domination of Spanish grandees.
B)It was not really an empire at all but rather a loose association of 300 German states.
C)It became divided into three great warring states: Prussia, Poland, and Silesia.
D)It continued to acknowledge the temporal power of the pope.
E)It was ruled by the Bourbons.

Question 40

How did Louis XIV use his palace at Versailles?

A)To dominate the nobility and display his grandeur
B)To putter around in the garden and enjoy nature
C)To earn money by centralizing the marketplace
D)To get away from politics and spend time with his family
E)To provide a spiritual sanctuary from a troubled world

Question 41

What important political idea has been credited to John Locke?

A)He synthesized previous doctrines on international law.
B)He posited the idea of society as being in a constant state of war.
C)He advocated political democracy for the entire populace.
D)He emphasized the social contract between the people and government.
E)He advocated the disestablishment of the Church of England.

Question 42

James I was the first ____ king of England.

A)Tudor
B)Stuart
C)Bourbon
D)Habsburg
E)Valois

Question 43

After conquering Constantinople in 1453, the ____ tried to complete the conquest of the Balkans.

A)Russia
B)Austria
C)Poland
D)Greece
E)the Ottomans

Question 44

Which state threatened Vienna in 1529 and again in 1683?

A)Russia
B)France
C)Prussia
D)Austria
E)The Ottoman Empire

Question 45

Which Baroque painter used violent motion, heavily fleshed nudes, dramatic use of light and shadow, and rich sensuous pigments in his paintings?

A)Rembrandt van Rijn
B)Gian Lorenzo Bernini
C)El Greco
D)Artemisia Gentileschi
E)Peter Paul Rubens

Question 46

Who was the greatest figure of Baroque art?

A)Rembrandt van Rijn
B)Gian Lorenzo Bernini
C)El Greco
D)Nicholas Poussin
E)David Caspar Friedrich

Question 47

What incident prompted the nobles to depose James II?

A)The marriage of James II to the Duchess of Orange
B)The death of his first wife
C)The birth of a Catholic son
D)A religious alliance with France
E)The economic collapse caused by the bursting of the "South Sea Bubble"

Question 48

From 1629 to 1640, ____ pursued a course of personal rule.

A)William of Orange
B)James I
C)Charles II
D)James II
E)Charles I

Question 49

What was Thomas Hobbes' response to the English revolutions?

A)He felt that man was suited best to be in a pristine state of nature, without government interference.
B)He stated that mankind was animalistic, and needed a strong government to maintain social order.
C)He was a firm believer in democracy.
D)He said that the best form of government was a theocracy.
E)He argued in favor of revolution when the ruler broke the social contract.

Question 50

Wealthy ____ were the leading patrons of Dutch art in the seventeenth century.

A)landowners
B)members of the royal family
C)burghers
D)priests
E)nobles

Question 51

Which group was most successful in placing limits on monarchial absolutism?

A)Landed nobility
B)Merchants
C)Peasants
D)Soldiers
E)Priests

Question 52

Why did Parliament pass the Test Act during the reign of Charles II?

A)To control the quality of food and drugs on the market
B)To improve the quality of university graduates
C)To help Catholics gain government jobs
D)To stipulate that only Anglicans could hold military and civil offices
E)To regulate promotions in the military

Question 53

What did the English Bill of Rights achieve?

A)It laid the foundation for a constitutional monarchy.
B)It resolved all of England's seventeenth-century religious questions.
C)It reaffirmed the divine-right theory of kingship while limiting the king's power.
D)It confirmed the king's right to raise standing armies without parliamentary consent.
E)It stated that taxes could only be approved by the House of Lords, not the House of Commons.

Question 54

What was one of the provisions of the Petition of Right (1628)?

A)It stated that the King of England should be elected.
B)It maintained that the King could pass no new tax without the consent of Parliament.
C)It restored order in the English military.
D)It made the English monarchy purely ceremonial.
E)It made the Anglican Church the "established" church.

Question 55

What is a component of the Baroque style of art?

A)Somber colors
B)Rich ornamentation
C)A lack of emotion
D)Purely secular subjects
E)Calvinist sentiments

Question 56

Which artistic style reflected the anxiety and turmoil associated with the Reformation and European wars?

A)Mannerism
B)Baroque
C)Classicism
D)High Renaissance
E)Dutch Realism

Question 57

____ emphasized clarity, simplicity, balance, and harmony.

A)Artemisia Gentileschi
B)Dada
C)Mannerism
D)French Classicism
E)The Baroque

Question 58

The United Provinces was a(n) ____ power.

A)Asian
B)monarchial
C)agrarian
D)Mediterranean
E)Atlantic

Question 59

What was true of William Shakespeare?

A)He was the son of a famous actor.
B)He was an actor as well as a writer.
C)He was hated by the Elizabethan nobility.
D)He was seen as a failure in his own time.
E)He was instrumental in creating the King James version of the Bible.

Question 60

What was the significance of England's "Glorious Revolution" of 1688?

A)It restored Charles II and the Stuart dynasty to power.
B)It bloodlessly deposed James II in favor of William of Orange.
C)It returned England to a Catholic commonwealth.
D)Parliament established a new monarch through a series of bloody wars.
E)It abolished the monarchy in favor of a republican "commonwealth."

Question 61

Frederick William the Great Elector laid the foundations for the Austrian monarchy.

Question 62

The Thirty Years' War hit Germany hardest.

Question 63

Each Dutch stadholder was responsible for leading the army and maintaining order.

Question 64

The Spanish defeated the Ottomans at the Battle of Lepanto.

Question 65

The sixteenth century saw significant population decline in Europe.

Question 66

Oliver Cromwell's military government lasted for more than a decade following his death in 1658.

Question 67

Lope de Vega was a leading Spanish playwright.

Question 68

Louis XIV was an ardent supporter of the Edict of Nantes.

Question 69

By the turn of the eighteenth century, more and more people were finding it hard to believe in witchcraft.

Question 70

In Tartuffe, Molière satirized

A)the ancient Greeks and Romans.
B)the English Civil War.
C)war and violence.
D)the religious and social world of his time.
E)Louis XIV.

Question 71

The Russian nobility was known as boyars.