Deck 1: Immunology: Basic Principles and Applications in the Blood Bank

Question 1

What immunoglobulin class reacts best at room temperature at immediate spin?

A) IgM
B) IgA
C) IgE
D) IgG

Answer 1

A
IgM is a large immunoglobulin with multiple binding sites that is detectable at room temperature and the immediate spin phase.

Question 2

What is the potential effect in a tube agglutination test if a red cell suspension with a concentration greater than 5% is used?

A) False negatives
B) False positives
C) Hemolysis
D) No effect

Answer 2

A
Antigen excess is termed postzone and will lessen the reaction.

Question 3

What cells are also known as antigen-presenting cells?

A) Neutrophils
B) Macrophages
C) Lymphocytes
D) Platelets

Answer 3

B
Macrophages engulf and present peptides to lymphocytes.

Question 4

Select the region of the antibody molecule responsible for imparting unique antibody specificity.

A) Variable region
B) Constant region
C) Hinge region
D) Fc fragment

Question 5

In a serologic test, the term prozone is also known as:

A) equivalence.
B) antigen excess.
C) antibody excess.
D) serum-to-cell ratio.

Question 6

Human leukocyte antigen antibodies are often stimulated following a patient's repeated transfusions of platelets. This poor response to platelet transfusion is known as:

A) nonresponders.
B) refractoriness.
C) immune activation.
D) responders.

Question 7

What immunoglobulin class reacts best by antiglobulin testing?

A) IgM
B) IgA
C) IgE
D) IgG

Question 8

Select the portion of the antibody molecule that imparts the antibody's unique class function.

A) Constant region of the heavy chain
B) Constant region of the light chain
C) Variable region of the heavy chain
D) Variable region of the light chain

Question 9

Which of the following red cell antigens do proteolytic enzymes destroy?

A) Rh system antigens
B) Antigens Fy^a and Fy^b in the Duffy system
C) Antigens in the Kidd system
D) Lewis system antigens

Question 10

The purpose of adding antibody-sensitized red cells following the antiglobulin test is to:

A) make sure a weak antibody reaction was not missed.
B) confirm positive reactions.
C) check that the wash procedure was sufficient to remove unbound antibodies.
D) check that sufficient incubation took place.

Question 11

Select the cell involved in the clearance of viral infected cells, tumor cells, and foreign-tissue grafts.

A) CD8 cells
B) T helper cells
C) CD4 cells
D) B cells

Question 12

Select the term that is associated with the B-cell response to antigens.

A) Humoral immunity
B) Cellular immunity
C) Innate immunity
D) Nonspecific immunity

Question 13

Which of the following is responsible for the activation of the classic pathway of complement?

A) Bacteria
B) Foreign proteins
C) Virus
D) Antibody bound to antigen

Question 14

In a lymphocytotoxicity test, cells that take on the dye:

A) do not recognize a human leukocyte antigen.
B) recognize a red cell antibody.
C) are not affected by complement.
D) are recognized by a specific antibody.

Question 15

The major histocompatibility complex is located on chromosome 6 and is important in all the following immune functions except:

A) recognition of nonself.
B) graft rejection.
C) hemolysis.
D) coordination of cellular and humoral immunity.

Question 16

What portion of the antibody molecule binds to receptors on macrophages and assists in the removal of antibody bound to red cells?

A) Fab fragment
B) Hinge region
C) Fc fragment
D) J chain

Question 17

An antibody with a specificity other than to one's own cells or tissue that is stimulated by transfusion or pregnancy is termed an:

A) autoantibody.
B) isoantibody.
C) alloantibody.
D) immunogen.

Question 18

Select the cell involved in acquired immunity.

A) Neutrophils
B) Platelets
C) Lymphocytes
D) Red cells

Question 19

After adding antigen and antibody to a test tube, one large agglutinate was observed. How should this reaction be graded?

A) 2+
B) 3+
C) 4+
D) 0

Question 20

What immunoglobulin class is capable of crossing the placenta?

A) IgM
B) IgA
C) IgE
D) IgG

Question 21

Select the antiglobulin test that best fits the description below.
a.Indirect antiglobulin test
b.Direct antiglobulin test
c.Both the direct and indirect antiglobulin test
Tests for certain clinical conditions such as hemolytic disease of the newborn and autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Question 22

Which of the following will cause an antigen to elicit a greater immune response?

A) Small antigen size
B) Composed largely of carbohydrates
C) Size greater than 10,000 daltons
D) Similarity to the host

Question 23

Select the antiglobulin test that best fits the description below.
a.Indirect antiglobulin test
b.Direct antiglobulin test
c.Both the direct and indirect antiglobulin test
Detects IgG or complement-coated red cells

Question 24

Select the antiglobulin test that best fits the description below.
a.Indirect antiglobulin test
b.Direct antiglobulin test
c.Both the direct and indirect antiglobulin test
Incubation step is not necessary

Question 25

Select the antiglobulin test that best fits the description below.
a.Indirect antiglobulin test
b.Direct antiglobulin test
c.Both the direct and indirect antiglobulin test
Requires washing the cells several times before the addition of antihuman globulin reagent