Deck 3: Genetic Principles in Blood Banking

Question 1

A father carries the Xg^a blood group trait and passes it on to all of his daughters but to none of his sons. What type of inheritance pattern does this demonstrate?

A) X-linked dominant
B) X-linked recessive
C) Autosomal dominant
D) Autosomal recessive

Answer 1

A
Because the father passed the trait to only his daughters, it was carried on the X chromosome. Because only one is needed for expression, this is a dominant genetic trait.

Question 2

Of the following markers that can be used to test for paternity, which marker provides the most useful statistical value?

A) Human leukocyte antigen typing
B) D antigens
C) ABO system antigens
D) The Kidd system (Jk^a, Jk^b)

Answer 2

B
Human leukocyte antigen typing provides most statistical value due to the polymorphism of the major histocompatibility complex.

Question 3

An advantage of the polymerase chain reaction for viral marker testing is:

A) it is quicker to perform than most other tests.
B) it is more cost effective than traditional test methods.
C) a small amount of DNA or RNA can be detected.
D) cross-contamination of samples is not a problem.

Answer 3

C
Polymerase chain reaction is used for viral marker testing in the blood bank because it can detect very small quantities of viral material in donor samples.

Question 4

When using the Hardy-Weinberg equation to calculate genetic frequencies, which of the following must be true?

A) The population statistics must be large.
B) Mutations cannot occur.
C) Mating must be random.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 5

When an individual is said to be group A, it refers to the individual's:

A) alleles.
B) haplotype.
C) genotype.
D) phenotype.

Question 6

Match the terms below with the definition that best fits.
a.Haplotypes
b.Recessive
c.Amorphic genes
d.Codominant genes
e.Polymorphic
A gene that does not express a detectable product

Question 7

A person whose red cells type as M+, N+ with antisera would be:

A) a homozygote.
B) a heterozygote.
C) unable to be determined without family studies.
D) linked.

Question 8

Match the terms below with the definition that best fits.
a.Haplotypes
b.Recessive
c.Amorphic genes
d.Codominant genes
e.Polymorphic
When a gene product is expressed only when it is inherited by both parents

Question 9

Match the terms below with the definition that best fits.
a.Haplotypes
b.Recessive
c.Amorphic genes
d.Codominant genes
e.Polymorphic
Equal expression of two different inherited genes as in most blood group systems

Question 10

Crossing over occurs during:

A) meiosis.
B) mitosis.
C) somatic cell division.
D) zygote formation.

Question 11

Match the terms below with the definition that best fits.
a.Haplotypes
b.Recessive
c.Amorphic genes
d.Codominant genes
e.Polymorphic
When two genes are close together on the same chromosome and are inherited as a "group" or "bundle," they are inherited as this

Question 12

What is meant by the term autosomal?

A) A trait that is not carried on the sex chromosomes
B) A trait that is carried on the sex chromosome
C) A trait that is expressed only in the parents
D) A gene that does not express a characteristic

Question 13

Parents who are both phenotyped as group A cannot have a group O child.

A) True
B) False

Question 14

The children of an AB mother and a B father could phenotype as all of the following except:

A) O.
B) A.
C) B.
D) AB.

Question 15

Mitosis results in __________ chromosomes as the original.

A) four cells with half as many
B) two cells with the same number of
C) four cells with the same number of
D) two cells with half as many

Question 16

Match the terms below with the definition that best fits.
a.Haplotypes
b.Recessive
c.Amorphic genes
d.Codominant genes
e.Polymorphic
Having two or more alleles at a given gene locus

Question 17

In a family study it was determined that all four siblings in the family had a different blood type: A, B, O, and AB. The parents were most likely ____________.

A) AA and BB
B) AO and BB
C) OO and AB
D) AO and BO

Question 18

How is RNA different from DNA?

A) RNA usually exists as a single strand.
B) The sugar ribose is substituted for deoxyribose.
C) The base uracil exists only in RNA.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 19

If anti-M was reacted with red cells that are M+N+, how would they compare with red cells that are M+N-?

A) Stronger
B) Weaker
C) The same
D) Varies with the method

Question 20

If two traits were found to occur higher in a population together than each occurs separately, they may be linked. This would suggest that:

A) they are found far apart on the same chromosome.
B) they are inherited on different chromosomes.
C) crossover has occurred.
D) the genes are close together on the same chromosome.

Question 21

Match the term with the definition that best fits.
a.Restriction fragment-length polymorphism
b.Polymerase chain reaction
c.Hybridization
d.Probe
e.Amplicon
DNA fragments produced by enzymatic cleavage at specific recognition sites

Question 22

Match the term with the definition that best fits.
a.Restriction fragment-length polymorphism
b.Polymerase chain reaction
c.Hybridization
d.Probe
e.Amplicon
Technique used to replicate a specific targeted DNA sequence

Question 23

Match the term with the definition that best fits.
a.Restriction fragment-length polymorphism
b.Polymerase chain reaction
c.Hybridization
d.Probe
e.Amplicon
Short segment of DNA with a known sequence that can be labeled with a marker

Question 24

Match the term with the definition that best fits.
a.Restriction fragment-length polymorphism
b.Polymerase chain reaction
c.Hybridization
d.Probe
e.Amplicon
Amplified target sequences of DNA produced by polymerase chain reaction

Question 25

Match the term with the definition that best fits.
a.Restriction fragment-length polymorphism
b.Polymerase chain reaction
c.Hybridization
d.Probe
e.Amplicon
The binding of two complementary pairs of DNA