Deck 19: Sleep and Breathing Assessment

Question 1

What test is used to diagnose sleep disorders?

A)Overnight oximetry
B)Polysomnography
C)Electroencephalogram (EEG)
D)Leg twitch study

Answer 1

Polysomnography

Question 2

A patient has an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 15.What would this be considered?

A)Normal
B)Mild sleep apnea
C)Moderate sleep apnea
D)Severe sleep apnea

Answer 2

Mild sleep apnea

Question 3

In which stage of sleep is "restorative sleep" thought to occur?

A)Stage 1 NREM
B)Stage 2 NREM
C)Stage 3 NREM
D)REM

Answer 3

Stage 3 NREM

Question 4

A patient comment regarding the lack of dreaming could mean that the patient is not spending a significant period of sleep in which stage?

A)Stage 1 NREM
B)Stage 2 NREM
C)Stage 3 NREM
D)REM

Question 5

What is the first sign of SDB?

A)Snoring
B)Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS)
C)Hypercarbia
D)Cyanosis

Question 6

A reduction in air flow of between 4% and 50% of baseline air flow for at least 10 seconds during sleep defines which of the following?

A)Apnea
B)Respiratory effort-related arousal (RERA)
C)Arousal
D)Hypopnea

Question 7

What is the most common complaint of patients with obstructive sleep apnea?

A)Snoring
B)Headache
C)Bedwetting
D)EDS

Question 8

In which stage of sleep does the brain show electrical activity similar to wakefulness on EEG tracings?

A)Stage 1 NREM
B)Stage 2 NREM
C)Stage 3 NREM
D)REM

Question 9

How would you diagnose central sleep apnea (CSA)?

A)Obesity
B)Patient complains of EDS
C)Excessive snoring
D)10-second apnea without respiratory effort during sleep

Question 10

What stage of sleep is characterized by large eye rolls and low-amplitude waves on EEG recordings?

A)REM
B)NREM stage 1
C)NREM stage 2
D)NREM stage 3

Question 11

Which of the following would be most suggestive of a patient who is liable to have SDB?

A)One with a smoking history
B)An obese patient
C)A very tall and thin patient
D)A patient with a history of hypertension

Question 12

Which of the following would not be part of the montage monitored during a polysomnogram study (PSG)?

A)SpO₂
B)ECG
C)EEG
D)EMG of right and left arm

Question 13

To meet the definitive criteria for sleep apnea, how many seconds of air flow cessation during sleep must be documented?

A)4 seconds
B)6 seconds
C)8 seconds
D)10 seconds

Question 14

Which phase of sleep is characterized by delta or slow waves?

A)Stage 1 NREM
B)Stage 2 NREM
C)Stage 3 NREM
D)REM

Question 15

If, upon assessment, the Mallampati score is class 4, the patient would be at high risk for which type of SDB?

A)CSA
B)OSA
C)Mixed sleep apnea (MSA)
D)SIDS

Question 16

What occurs during REM that results in sleep-disordered breathing (SDB)?

A)Hypotension
B)Rise in heart rate
C)Fall in respiratory rate
D)Upper airway narrowing

Question 17

Which of the following diagnostically defines the presence of moderate sleep apnea?

A)AHI of 3
B)AHI of 12
C)AHI of 32
D)AHI of 44

Question 18

According to the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), approximately how many Americans suffer from some type of sleep disorder?

A)10 million
B)20 million
C)30 million
D)40 million

Question 19

Which of the following will assist the RT in predicting sleep apnea?

A)Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)
B)Berlin Questionnaire
C)Inspection of the chest
D)Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 20

During which stage of sleep are skeletal muscles partially paralyzed, thus greatly affecting ventilation and maintenance of the upper airway?

A)Stage 1 NREM
B)Stage 2 NREM
C)Stage 3 NREM
D)REM

Question 21

Cheyne-Stokes breathing is associated most closely with which type of SDB?

A)CSA
B)OSA
C)Mixed sleep apnea (MSA)
D)Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Question 22

What is the peak age of incidence for SIDS?

A)Birth to 1 month
B)2 to 4 months
C)4 to 8 months
D)8 months to 1 year

Question 23

Which of the following are considered symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
1)Morning headaches
2)Memory loss
3)Hyperactive behavior
4)Difficulty swallowing

A)1, 2, 3
B)2, 4
C)1, 3
D)1, 2, 3, 4

Question 24

With what pattern of SDB is SIDS thought to be associated?

A)CSA
B)OSA
C)MSA
D)RERA