Deck 11: Abnormal Behaviour Across the Lifespan

Question 1

Children with autism spectrum disorder are bound by ________.

A)separation anxiety
B)psychotic episodes
C)fixed routines
D)fantasy playmates

Answer 1

fixed routines

Question 2

Autism spectrum disordered thinking is the tendency to ________.

A)engage in persistently obsessive thought patterns
B)see oneself as the centre of the universe
C)see oneself as being "swallowed up" by the universe
D)engage in abstract thinking patterns that no one else can understand

Answer 2

see oneself as the centre of the universe

Question 3

Pramile has autism spectrum disorder.She frequently will say,"She is hungry" when letting her father know that she wants her dinner.This type of statement is known as __________.

A)echolalia
B)parroting
C)pronoun reversal
D)reference reversal

Answer 3

pronoun reversal

Question 4

Children with ________ problems are at a ________ risk of going untreated.

A)internalized;lower
B)internalized;higher
C)externalized;lower
D)externalized;higher

Question 5

The term autism derives from the Greek word meaning ________.

A)self
B)lost
C)inward
D)alone

Question 6

The most poignant feature of autism spectrum disorder is the child's ________.

A)ritualistic behaviour
B)communication difficulties
C)panic episodes
D)utter aloneness

Question 7

Anxiety disorders,conduct disorders,ADHD,and depressive disorders account for nearly ________ % of the mental disorders found in children and adolescents.

A)10
B)45
C)75
D)90

Question 8

Early views on autism spectrum disorder focused on ________ as a cause of the disorder.

A)genetic abnormalities
B)pathological family relationships
C)perceptual deficits
D)early childhood illness

Question 9

Peter is unresponsive to most social stimuli.He rarely smiles,talks,or makes eye contact with others.He seems indifferent to everyone,including his parents.He engages in solitary,ritualistic behaviours,such as constantly flapping his hands.He sometimes goes into sudden tantrums or panics.He also insists on the same familiar food each day.Peter's disorder is ________.

A)autism spectrum disorder
B)childhood schizophrenia
C)intellectual disability
D)avoidant disorder

Question 10

Autism was defined,in North America,by _______.

A)Eugen Bleuler
B)Carl Jung
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Leo Kanner

Question 11

Which is NOT one of the most common mental disorders of childhood?

A)anxiety disorders
B)conduct disorders
C)obsessive compulsive disorder
D)depressive disorders

Question 12

Autism spectrum disorder is classified as a ________ in the DSM-5.

A)childhood schizophrenia
B)neurodevelopmental disorder
C)form of intellectual disability
D)savant syndrome

Question 13

Boys are ________ as likely as females to develop autism spectrum disorder .

A)half
B)just
C)two times
D)four times

Question 14

A recent review of studies from the United States indicates that ________ % of children and adolescents have a mental disorder.

A)4
B)9
C)14
D)24

Question 15

Most psychological problems for children are identified __________.

A)by age 10
B)by age 12
C)at birth
D)when they start school

Question 16

Up to ________ % of children with autism spectrum disorder score in the severe to profound mentally retarded range on intelligence tests.

A)30
B)40
C)70
D)90

Question 17

Children with autism spectrum disorder who function at an average level of intelligence would most likely still show deficits in ___________.

A)memory
B)ability to engage in symbolic play
C)fine motor skills
D)visual special skills

Question 18

The risk of children with mental health problems to go untreated is ________.

A)virtually nonexistent in our current mental health system
B)higher for children with internalized problems than for those with externalized problems
C)higher for children with externalized problems than for those with internalized problems
D)equally high for children with internalized and externalized problems

Question 19

Autism spectrum disorder is a(n)________ disorder.

A)episodic,temporary
B)episodic,lifelong
C)chronic,temporary
D)chronic,lifelong

Question 20

The clinical features of autism spectrum disorder usually appear prior to ________ year(s)of age.

A)one
B)three
C)five
D)seven

Question 21

State markers are __________.

A)brain regions with reduced activity in children with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected siblings
B)brain areas with reduced activity found only in children with autism spectrum disorder
C)enhanced activity seen only in unaffected siblings
D)reduced activity seen only in unaffected siblings

Question 22

Evidence that genetics plays a significant role in the neuro-development of autism spectrum disorder has been found on chromosome number(s)__________.

A)20
B)3
C)2 and 7
D)2 and 20

Question 23

The ________ in the brain is smaller than normal in children with autism spectrum disorder.

A)left frontal lobe
B)cerebellum
C)corpus callosum
D)thalamus

Question 24

Children with autism spectrum disordershow deficits in their ability to infer beliefs,intentions,and emotions in others.They are said to have a deficit in forming a _________.

A)theory of mind
B)theory of others
C)theory of self
D)theory of people

Question 25

Rachel takes her child to a psychiatrist for an evaluation.The psychiatrist suggests that her child has autism spectrum disorder which developed as a result of perceptual deficits.According to this argument,rather than associating Rachel with food,warmth,and the clothing she provides,her child focuses exclusively on the food or the clothing,and is thus unable to develop normal emotional bonds with Rachel.This psychiatrist is most likely a ________.

A)psychodynamic theorist
B)humanistic theorist
C)cognitive-learning theorist
D)biological theorist

Question 26

In a classic study conducted by O.Ivar Lovaas,children suffering from autism spectrum disorder received more than 40 hours of one-to-one behaviour modification each week for at least two years.Significant intellectual and educational gains were reported for __% of the children in the program.

A)7
B)27
C)47
D)67

Question 27

The brain tissue that connects the two halves of the brain,the corpus callosum,is smaller than normal in patients with autism spectrum disorder,which may affect __________ of brain function.

A)the accuracy
B)the speed
C)lateralization
D)nothing

Question 28

A psychiatrist suggests that the Emmy's autism spectrum disorder developed as a result of Emmy being a cold,aloof,and rejecting mother.Emmy's disorder is a defence against parental rejection.This psychiatrist is most likely a ________ theorist.

A)psychodynamic
B)humanistic
C)cognitive-learning
D)biological

Question 29

Lovaas has recommended the use of ________ to eliminate self-mutilating behaviours among children with autism spectrum disorder.

A)prefrontal lobotomies
B)behaviour modification
C)cognitive restructuring
D)play therapy

Question 30

Early views on autism blamed ________ parents for causing the disorder.

A)overly attached and protective
B)emotionally unstable and hysterical
C)overly demanding and perfectionistic
D)cold,detached,and rejecting

Question 31

Research has ________ supported the notion that autism spectrum disorder in children is caused by cold,aloof,and remote parents.

A)not
B)partly
C)mostly
D)completely

Question 32

The key to effective psychological intervention programs for children with autism spectrum disorder is __________.

A)short-term therapies
B)biological approaches
C)cognitive therapies
D)early intervention

Question 33

The ability to appreciate that other people have a mental state that is different from one's own is known as ________.

A)theory of mind
B)theory of others
C)theory of self
D)theory of people

Question 34

An interactive computer program called FaceSay has been shown to improve the ability of children with autism spectrum disorder to __________.

A)recognize faces
B)communicate more effectively with care providers
C)utilize non-verbal expressive communication
D)process multiple stimuli simultaneously

Question 35

Evidence for an underlying neurological basis for autism spectrum disorder has been suggested by all of the following characteristics EXCEPT __________.

A)seizures
B)communication deficits
C)intellectual disability
D)larger brain volume

Question 36

Although there is no cure for autism spectrum disorder,_____ treatment programs have yielded the best results.

A)cognitive
B)family
C)psychodynamic
D)structured

Question 37

Compensatory activity is __________.

A)brain regions with reduced activity in children with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected siblings
B)brain areas with reduced activity found only in children with autism spectrum disorder
C)enhanced activity seen only in unaffected siblings
D)reduced activity seen only in unaffected siblings

Question 38

The Early Autism Study,led by Mel Rutherford,is developing an early diagnosis tool using __________ technology.

A)in vitro
B)eye-tracker
C)gene
D)neurosurgical

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT true of behavioural approaches to treating children with autism spectrum disorder?

A)They suggest that faulty learning causes autism spectrum disorder.
B)They suggest that the principles of learning may be helpful in the treatment of autism spectrum disordered behaviour.
C)They sometimes involve the use of electric shocks to eliminate self-injurious behaviours.
D)They use positive reinforcement to teach and maintain new behaviours.

Question 40

Trait markers are __________.

A)brain regions with reduced activity in children with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected siblings
B)brain areas with reduced activity found only in children with autism spectrum disorder
C)enhanced activity seen only in unaffected siblings
D)reduced activity seen only in unaffected siblings

Question 41

Winnie has intellectual disability.She has few communication skills,although she understands and responds to some speech.She can conform to daily routines and repetitive activities and profit from systematic habit training,but she needs continuing direction and supervision in a protective environment.She experienced marked delay in motor development and has an IQ of 34.Her intellectual disability is best described as ________.

A)mild
B)moderate
C)severe
D)profound

Question 42

Ontario's integration policy for education has made individuals with __________ intellectual disability appear less visible.

A)mild
B)moderate
C)severe
D)profound

Question 43

A disorder characterized by a broad delay in the development of adaptive and intellectual abilities that affect most areas of cognitive and social functioning is ________.

A)autism spectrum disorder
B)childhood schizophrenia
C)intellectual disability
D)avoidant disorder

Question 44

The most common chromosomal abnormality linked to intellectual disability is ________.

A)Klinefelter's syndrome
B)Turner's syndrome
C)Down syndrome
D)fragile X syndrome

Question 45

Children with mild intellectual disability can achieve up to a grade ________ level of useful reading and arithmetic with special education.

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8

Question 46

Most children with intellectual disability fall in the ________ range.

A)mild
B)moderate
C)severe
D)profound

Question 47

A 1987 study found significant improvement for ________ % of children with autism spectrum disorder provided with intensive behavioural treatment,as compared with 2% for a control group.

A)7
B)27
C)47
D)67

Question 48

A defect or an extra chromosome on the _______ pair of chromosomes characterizes Down syndrome.

A)17th
B)19th
C)21st
D)23rd

Question 49

Down syndrome occurs in about 1 in ________ births.

A)200
B)400
C)600
D)800

Question 50

The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities classifies intellectual disability according to __________.

A)level of intelligence
B)observations of adaptive functioning
C)a combination of testing and observations
D)intensity of support needed

Question 51

Researchers have found that drugs that block________ activity can reduce repetitive thoughts and social withdrawal.

A)dopamine
B)serotonin
C)acetylcholine
D)epinephrine

Question 52

Yolanda has intellectual disability.Most people,however,don't notice it,although she walks,talks,and feeds herself more slowly than most children.She needs occasional guidance when under unusual social or economic stress,but normally she can function on her own.She is capable of reading at a grade 6 level.Her IQ is 67.Her intellectual disability is best described as ________.

A)mild
B)moderate
C)severe
D)profound

Question 53

Brianna has intellectual disability.She experienced noticeable delays in her motor development,especially speech,but she can learn simple communication,elementary health and safety habits,and simple manual skills.She can perform simple tasks in sheltered conditions and loves to participate in simple recreational activities.However,she is incapable of self-maintenance.Her IQ is 39 and she is unable to progress in functional reading and arithmetic.Her intellectual disability is best described as ________.

A)mild
B)moderate
C)severe
D)profound

Question 54

Marco has a round face;a broad,flat nose;small,downward sloping folds of skin at the inside corners of his eyes;a protruding tongue;small,squarish hands;and unusually short arms and legs in relation to his body.He suffers from intellectual disability and from heart and respiratory problems.He most likely has ________.

A)Klinefelter's syndrome
B)phenylketonuria
C)Down syndrome
D)fragile X syndrome

Question 55

Leticia has an intellectual disability.She has minimal capacity for functioning in sensorimotor areas and needs nursing care.She shows basic emotional responses and responds to skills training in the use of her legs,hands,and jaw.She walks and has primitive speech capabilities.She is incapable of self-maintenance and has an IQ of 14.Her intellectual disability is best described as ________.

A)mild
B)moderate
C)severe
D)profound

Question 56

Down syndrome results from a defect in the mother's chromosomes in about ________ % of cases.

A)65
B)75
C)85
D)95

Question 57

Many aspects of autism spectrum disordered behaviour,such as rocking and self-mutilation,can be diminished through the administration of drugs used to treat ________.

A)narcotics addiction
B)anxiety
C)schizophrenia
D)epileptic seizures

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT one of the three diagnostic criteria from the DSM-5 that must be met for a person to be labelled mentally retarded?

A)The person must receive an IQ score of 70 or below.
B)The person must show concurrent evidence of impaired functioning in adaptive behaviour.
C)The person must be categorized as a level 7 or a level 8 on the General Deterioration Scale.
D)The person must show evidence of onset of the disorder before the age of 18.

Question 59

The majority of intellectual disability is caused by __________.

A)recessive inheritance
B)dominant inheritance
C)spontaneous mutations
D)one or two defective genes

Question 60

Among children with intellectual disability,the fewest fall in the ________ range.

A)mild
B)moderate
C)severe
D)profound

Question 61

The most common type of inherited intellectual disability is ________.

A)Klinefelter's syndrome
B)Turner's syndrome
C)fragile X syndrome
D)Korsakoff's syndrome

Question 62

Klinefelter's syndrome is characterized by a ________ chromosomal makeup.

A)XO
B)XX
C)XXX
D)XXY

Question 63

About 1 in ________ French Canadians in Eastern Quebec is a carrier of the recessive gene responsible for Tay-Sachs disease.

A)4
B)10
C)14
D)24

Question 64

Klinefelter's syndrome involves an extra ________.

A)X sex chromosome in males
B)X sex chromosome in females
C)Y sex chromosome in males
D)Y sex chromosome in females

Question 65

Phenylketonuria is found in 1 person in ________.

A)100
B)1000
C)10 000
D)100 000

Question 66

Most people with Down syndrome tend to die ________.

A)during childhood
B)during adolescence
C)in young adulthood
D)in middle age

Question 67

Fragile X syndrome causes intellectual disability in 1 of every ________ males.

A)100 to 200
B)1000 to 1500
C)500 to 2000
D)2000 to 2500

Question 68

Fragile X syndrome causes mental handicaps in 1 of every ________ females.

A)500 to 1000
B)1000 to 1500
C)1500 to 2000
D)2000 to 2500

Question 69

A genetic abnormality transmitted by a recessive gene that prevents an infant from metabolizing an amino acid found in many foods,resulting in intellectual disability and emotional disturbance,is ________.

A)Klinefelter's syndrome
B)Turner's syndrome
C)phenylketonuria
D)Tay-Sachs disease

Question 70

Phenylketonuria is caused by ________.

A)an extra chromosome
B)a mutated gene
C)a dominant gene
D)a recessive gene

Question 71

Tay-Sachs disease is caused by ________.

A)an extra chromosome
B)a mutated gene
C)a dominant gene
D)a recessive gene

Question 72

Denzel never developed appropriate male secondary sexual characteristics.Fellow male classmates often tease him because of his enlarged breasts and his poor muscular coordination.He also has mild intellectual disability and is infertile.Denzel is most likely suffering from ________.

A)Klinefelter's syndrome
B)Turner's syndrome
C)phenylketonuria
D)Tay-Sachs disease

Question 73

The second leading cause of intellectual disability is ________.

A)Klinefelter's syndrome
B)Turner's syndrome
C)fragile X syndrome
D)Down syndrome

Question 74

A fatal degenerative disease caused by recessive genes that causes gradual loss of muscle control,deafness,blindness,intellectual disability,paralysis,and eventual death is ________.

A)Klinefelter's syndrome
B)Turner's syndrome
C)phenylketonuria
D)Tay-Sachs disease

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT true of fragile X syndrome?

A)The mutation always manifests itself.
B)There is no treatment for fragile X syndrome.
C)The disorder has more profound effects on males than on females.
D)A genetic test can detect the disorder by direct DNA analysis.

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT true of children with Down syndrome?

A)Most cannot learn to read or write.
B)They tend to be uncoordinated and lack proper muscle tone.
C)They suffer memory deficits,especially for information presented verbally.
D)They have difficulty expressing their thoughts and needs clearly in speech.

Question 77

Fragile X syndrome is caused by ________.

A)an extra chromosome
B)a mutated gene
C)a dominant gene
D)a recessive gene

Question 78

Estimates of prevalence of Klinefelter's syndrome range from 1 in ________ males.

A)500 to 1000
B)2000 to 3000
C)5000 to 10 000
D)15 000 to 25 000

Question 79

Judith is shorter than average.She has mild intellectual disability,with her greatest difficulties being in math and science.Although her external genital development is normal,her ovaries are poorly developed and she is infertile.She is suffering from ________.

A)Klinefelter's syndrome
B)Turner's syndrome
C)fragile X syndrome
D)Tay-Sachs disease

Question 80

Turner's syndrome involves the ________.

A)X sex chromosome in males
B)X sex chromosome in females
C)Y sex chromosome in males
D)Y sex chromosome in females