Deck 43: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Question 1

In osteomyelitis, infection may spread to adjacent joints in the leg because the epiphyseal plate of the proximal femur is located within the hip joint and the distal femur is partially located within the knee.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The normal lordotic curve of the lower spine begins to develop when the infant begins sitting.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The total mass of muscle in the body can be estimated from which serum laboratory test value?

A)Albumin
B)Blood urea nitrogen
C)Creatinine
D)Creatine

Answer 3

Creatinine

Question 4

An insufficient dietary intake of vitamin _____ can lead to rickets in children.

A)C
B)B₁₂
C)B₆
D)D

Question 5

Bone growth takes place at the same rate at both ends of the bones because they are under hormonal control.

Question 6

Which disorder is characterized by failure of bones to ossify resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity?

A)Osteogenesis imperfecta
B)Rickets
C)Osteochondrosis
D)Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

Question 7

What diagnosis is given when the infant's hip maintains contact with the acetabulum, but is not well seated within the hip joint?

A)Dislocatable hip
B)Subluxated hip
C)Dislocated hip
D)Subluxable hip

Question 8

The most common skeletal defect of the upper extremity is:

A)vestigial tabs.
B)Paget disease.
C)rickets.
D)syndactyly.

Question 9

Staphylococcus aureus may cause osteomyelitis in newborns and older children.

Question 10

Which serum laboratory test is elevated in all forms of osteogenesis imperfecta?

A)Phosphorus
B)Calcium
C)Alkaline phosphatase
D)Total protein

Question 11

Which skeletal deformity is normal at birth, but disappears by age 2 1/2 years?

A)Genu varum (bowleg)
B)Genu valgum (knock knee)
C)Equinovarus (clubfoot)
D)Pes planus (flat feet)

Question 12

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy is a possible diagnosis when acute causes of proximal weakness are eliminated as well as Duchenne and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophies.

Question 13

Which of the following is a very late sign or symptom of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)?

A)Asymmetry of the gluteal or thigh folds
B)Leg length discrepancy
C)Waddling gait
D)Pain

Question 14

The appendicular skeleton grows faster than the axial skeleton during childhood.

Question 15

Poor posture results in structural scoliosis.

Question 16

Unlike adult-onset RA, JRA is not a syndrome that is often accompanied by systemic manifestations.

Question 17

In scoliosis, curves in the thoracic spine greater than _____ degrees result in decreased pulmonary function.

A)40
B)50
C)60
D)80

Question 18

The _____ is cartilage that retains the ability to form and calcify new cartilage and deposit bone until the skeleton matures.

A)epiphyseal line
B)physeal plate
C)epiphyseal cartilage
D)metaphyseal plate

Question 19

In osteomyelitis, bacteria gain access to the subperiosteal space in the metaphysis, which is considered the "path of least resistance." What factor makes this route for bacteria the path of least resistance?

A)Cortex of the bone in this area is porous or maze-like.
B)Blood supply to the metaphysis is easily compromised.
C)Macrophages and lymphocytes have limited access to the subperiosteal space.
D)Bacteria usually spread down the medullary cavity of the bone.

Question 20

In adult rheumatoid arthritis (AR) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), the large joints are predominantly affected.

Question 21

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is likely inherited from one's:

A)father.
B)mother.
C)affected parent.
D)maternal lineage.

Question 22

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description. The types may be used more than once.
Often called benign Duchenne muscular dystrophy because it shares the inheritance link, but produces milder symptoms

A)Duchenne muscular dystrophy
B)Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
C)Scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy
D)Myotonic dystrophy
E)Becker muscular dystrophy

Question 23

Rhabdomyosarcoma can develop anywhere _____ muscle is located.

A)cardiac
B)smooth
C)involuntary
D)striated

Question 24

Molecular analysis has demonstrated that osteosarcoma is associated with:

A)TP53.
B)src.
C)myc.
D)TSC2.

Question 25

Ewing sarcoma arises from:

A)bone marrow.
B)bone-producing mesenchymal cells.
C)metadiaphysis of long bones.
D)embryonal osteocytes.

Question 26

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description. The types may be used more than once.
The face is expressionless and pouting of the lips makes whistling impossible.

A)Duchenne muscular dystrophy
B)Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
C)Scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy
D)Myotonic dystrophy
E)Becker muscular dystrophy

Question 27

Osgood-Schlatter disease is characterized by:

A)lateral epicondylitis of the elbow.
B)inflammation of the anterior cruciate ligament.
C)bursitis of the subscapular bursa in the glenohumeral joint.
D)tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon.

Question 28

Which bones are affected in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?

A)Heads of the femur
B)Distal femurs
C)Heads of the humerus
D)Distal tibias

Question 29

Osteochondrosis is caused by a(n):

A)imbalance between calcitonin and parathyroid hormone.
B)nutritional deficiency of calcium and phosphorus.
C)bacterial infection of the bone.
D)vascular impairment and trauma to bone.

Question 30

Osteosarcomas usually metastasize to the:

A)pancreas.
B)liver.
C)lungs.
D)brain.

Question 31

Which protein, absent in muscle cells of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mediates the anchoring of skeletal muscles fibers to the basement membrane?

A)Syntrophin
B)Laminin
C)Dystrophin
D)Troponin

Question 32

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description. The types may be used more than once.
Distal muscles of the lower extremities are involved causing footdrop.

A)Duchenne muscular dystrophy
B)Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
C)Scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy
D)Myotonic dystrophy
E)Becker muscular dystrophy

Question 33

Pulmonary complications in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy are contributed to:

A)chronic heart failure.
B)kyphoscoliosis.
C)impaired formation of alveoli.
D)anemia.

Question 34

Which of the following muscular dystrophy syndromes develops from an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance?

A)Duchenne
B)Facioscapulohumeral
C)Myotonic
D)Limb girdle

Question 35

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description. The types may be used more than once.
Onset at approximately age 3 with rapid progression and frequent mental retardation

A)Duchenne muscular dystrophy
B)Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
C)Scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy
D)Myotonic dystrophy
E)Becker muscular dystrophy

Question 36

How are the clinical manifestations and onset of JRA different from RA in adults?

A)JRA begins insidiously with systemic signs of inflammation.
B)JRA predominantly affects large joints.
C)JRA has more severe joint pain than RA.
D)JRA has a rapid onset of generalized aches as the first symptom.

Question 37

The most common malignant bone tumor during childhood is:

A)chondrosarcoma.
B)fibrosarcoma.
C)Ewing sarcoma.
D)osteosarcoma.

Question 38

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description. The types may be used more than once.
Autosomal dominant with a slow rate of progression and frequent mental retardation.

A)Duchenne muscular dystrophy
B)Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
C)Scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy
D)Myotonic dystrophy
E)Becker muscular dystrophy

Question 39

The pain experienced in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is referred to as involving:

A)elbows and upper and lower arms that is aggravated by activity and relieved by rest.
B)knees, inner thighs, and groin and is described as a continuous ache and relieved by anti-inflammatory drugs.
C)knees, inner thighs, and groin that is aggravated by activity and relieved by rest.
D)elbows and upper and lower arms and is described as a continuous ache and relieved by anti-inflammatory drugs.

Question 40

Cerebral palsy is usually a result of:

A)brain ischemia during birth.
B)prematurity.
C)congenital defects.
D)genetic defect.