Question 1

Osteosarcomas usually metastasize to the:

Accepted Answer

A) pancreas. 
B) liver. 
C) lungs. 
D) brain. 
A) pancreas. 
B) liver. 
C) lungs. 
D) brain. C

Question 2

Bone growth takes place at the same rate at both ends of the bones because they are under hormonal control.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

The most common skeletal defect of the upper extremity is:

Accepted Answer

A) vestigial tabs. 
B) Paget disease. 
C) rickets. 
D) syndactyly. 
A) vestigial tabs. 
B) Paget disease. 
C) rickets. 
D) syndactyly. D

Question 4

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description. The types may be used more than once.
-Distal muscles of the lower extremities are involved causing footdrop.

Accepted Answer

A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy 
B) Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 
C) Scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy 
D) Myotonic dystrophy 
E) Becker muscular dystrophy 
A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy 
B) Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 
C) Scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy 
D) Myotonic dystrophy 
E) Becker muscular dystrophy

Question 5

Pulmonary complications in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy are contributed to:

Accepted Answer

A) chronic heart failure. 
B) kyphoscoliosis. 
C) impaired formation of alveoli. 
D) anemia. 
A) chronic heart failure. 
B) kyphoscoliosis. 
C) impaired formation of alveoli. 
D) anemia.

Question 6

Which serum laboratory test is elevated in all forms of osteogenesis imperfecta?

Accepted Answer

A) Phosphorus 
B) Calcium 
C) Alkaline phosphatase 
D) Total protein 
A) Phosphorus 
B) Calcium 
C) Alkaline phosphatase 
D) Total protein

Question 7

In scoliosis, curves in the thoracic spine greater than _____ degrees result in decreased pulmonary function.

Accepted Answer

A) 40 
B) 50 
C) 60 
D) 80 
A) 40 
B) 50 
C) 60 
D) 80

Question 8

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description. The types may be used more than once.
-Often called benign Duchenne muscular dystrophy because it shares the inheritance link, but produces milder symptoms

Accepted Answer

A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy 
B) Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 
C) Scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy 
D) Myotonic dystrophy 
E) Becker muscular dystrophy 
A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy 
B) Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 
C) Scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy 
D) Myotonic dystrophy 
E) Becker muscular dystrophy

Question 9

The pain experienced in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is referred to as involving:

Accepted Answer

A) elbows and upper and lower arms that is aggravated by activity and relieved by rest. 
B) knees, inner thighs, and groin and is described as a continuous ache and relieved by anti-inflammatory drugs. 
C) knees, inner thighs, and groin that is aggravated by activity and relieved by rest. 
D) elbows and upper and lower arms and is described as a continuous ache and relieved by anti-inflammatory drugs. 
A) elbows and upper and lower arms that is aggravated by activity and relieved by rest. 
B) knees, inner thighs, and groin and is described as a continuous ache and relieved by anti-inflammatory drugs. 
C) knees, inner thighs, and groin that is aggravated by activity and relieved by rest. 
D) elbows and upper and lower arms and is described as a continuous ache and relieved by anti-inflammatory drugs.

Question 10

Which protein, absent in muscle cells of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mediates the anchoring of skeletal muscles fibers to the basement membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) Syntrophin 
B) Laminin 
C) Dystrophin 
D) Troponin 
A) Syntrophin 
B) Laminin 
C) Dystrophin 
D) Troponin

Question 11

Which disorder is characterized by failure of bones to ossify resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteogenesis imperfecta 
B) Rickets 
C) Osteochondrosis 
D) Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease 
A) Osteogenesis imperfecta 
B) Rickets 
C) Osteochondrosis 
D) Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

Question 12

Poor posture results in structural scoliosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What diagnosis is given when the infant's hip maintains contact with the acetabulum, but is not well seated within the hip joint?

Accepted Answer

A) Dislocatable hip 
B) Subluxated hip 
C) Dislocated hip 
D) Subluxable hip 
A) Dislocatable hip 
B) Subluxated hip 
C) Dislocated hip 
D) Subluxable hip

Question 14

The normal lordotic curve of the lower spine begins to develop when the infant begins sitting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In osteomyelitis, infection may spread to adjacent joints in the leg because the epiphyseal plate of the proximal femur is located within the hip joint and the distal femur is partially located within the knee.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Osgood-Schlatter disease is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) lateral epicondylitis of the elbow. 
B) inflammation of the anterior cruciate ligament. 
C) bursitis of the subscapular bursa in the glenohumeral joint. 
D) tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon. 
A) lateral epicondylitis of the elbow. 
B) inflammation of the anterior cruciate ligament. 
C) bursitis of the subscapular bursa in the glenohumeral joint. 
D) tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon.

Question 17

The _____ is cartilage that retains the ability to form and calcify new cartilage and deposit bone until the skeleton matures.

Accepted Answer

A) epiphyseal line 
B) physeal plate 
C) epiphyseal cartilage 
D) metaphyseal plate 
A) epiphyseal line 
B) physeal plate 
C) epiphyseal cartilage 
D) metaphyseal plate

Question 18

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy is a possible diagnosis when acute causes of proximal weakness are eliminated as well as Duchenne and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Staphylococcus aureus may cause osteomyelitis in newborns and older children.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Molecular analysis has demonstrated that osteosarcoma is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A) TP53. 
B) src. 
C) myc. 
D) TSC2. 
A) TP53. 
B) src. 
C) myc. 
D) TSC2.

Exam 43: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Osteosarcomas usually metastasize to the:

Bone growth takes place at the same rate at both ends of the bones because they are under hormonal control.

The most common skeletal defect of the upper extremity is:

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description. The types may be used more than once. -Distal muscles of the lower extremities are involved causing footdrop.

Pulmonary complications in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy are contributed to:

Which serum laboratory test is elevated in all forms of osteogenesis imperfecta?

In scoliosis, curves in the thoracic spine greater than _____ degrees result in decreased pulmonary function.

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description. The types may be used more than once. -Often called benign Duchenne muscular dystrophy because it shares the inheritance link, but produces milder symptoms

The pain experienced in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is referred to as involving:

Which protein, absent in muscle cells of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mediates the anchoring of skeletal muscles fibers to the basement membrane?

Which disorder is characterized by failure of bones to ossify resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity?

Poor posture results in structural scoliosis.

What diagnosis is given when the infant's hip maintains contact with the acetabulum, but is not well seated within the hip joint?

The normal lordotic curve of the lower spine begins to develop when the infant begins sitting.

In osteomyelitis, infection may spread to adjacent joints in the leg because the epiphyseal plate of the proximal femur is located within the hip joint and the distal femur is partially located within the knee.

Osgood-Schlatter disease is characterized by:

The _____ is cartilage that retains the ability to form and calcify new cartilage and deposit bone until the skeleton matures.

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy is a possible diagnosis when acute causes of proximal weakness are eliminated as well as Duchenne and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophies.

Staphylococcus aureus may cause osteomyelitis in newborns and older children.

Molecular analysis has demonstrated that osteosarcoma is associated with:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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