Deck 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

Figure 5.1
Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
Region that thickens markedly when one gains weight.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Figure 5.1
Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
Site of the dermal ridges that produce epidermal ridges on the epidermal surfaces of the fingers.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Match the following:

A) Vellus
B) Stratum basale
C) Sudoriferous glands
D) Stratum corneum
The layer that contains the mitotic viable cells of the epidermis.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Match the following:

A) Vellus
B) Stratum basale
C) Sudoriferous glands
D) Stratum corneum
Hair that lacks pigment and is often called "immature hair."

Question 5

Match the following:

A) Merkel disc
B) Keratinocytes
C) Cornified keratinocytes
D) Dendritic cells
E) Kerati
Cell remnants of the stratum corneum.

Question 6

Match the following:

A) Merkel disc
B) Keratinocytes
C) Cornified keratinocytes
D) Dendritic cells
E) Kerati
The most abundant cells of the epidermis.

Question 7

Figure 5.1
Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
Sudoriferous gland.

Question 8

Match the following:

A) Merkel disc
B) Keratinocytes
C) Cornified keratinocytes
D) Dendritic cells
E) Kerati
Skin macrophages that help activate the immune system.

Question 9

Match the following:

A) Erythema
B) Pallor
C) Cyanosis
D) Addison's disease
E) Jaundice
May indicate embarrassment, fever, hypertension, inflammation, or allergy.

Question 10

Figure 5.1
Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
Responsible for shock absorption and located in the hypodermis.

Question 11

Match the following:

A) Merkel disc
B) Keratinocytes
C) Cornified keratinocytes
D) Dendritic cells
E) Kerati
Cells plus a disc-like sensory nerve ending that functions as a sensory receptor for touch.

Question 12

Match the following:

A) Vellus
B) Stratum basale
C) Sudoriferous glands
D) Stratum corneum
The glands that serve an important function in thermoregulation.

Question 13

Match the following:

A) Erythema
B) Pallor
C) Cyanosis
D) Addison's disease
E) Jaundice
Usually indicates a liver disorder.

Question 14

Figure 5.1
Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
Dense irregularly arranged, fibrous connective tissue.

Question 15

Match the following:

A) Merkel disc
B) Keratinocytes
C) Cornified keratinocytes
D) Dendritic cells
E) Kerati
The protein found in the epidermis that is responsible for toughening the skin.

Question 16

Match the following:

A) Erythema
B) Pallor
C) Cyanosis
D) Addison's disease
E) Jaundice
May indicate fear, anger, anemia, or low blood pressure.

Question 17

Figure 5.1
Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
Where capillary loops are found.

Question 18

Figure 5.1
Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
Pulls the hair follicle into an upright position.

Question 19

Match the following:

A) Erythema
B) Pallor
C) Cyanosis
D) Addison's disease
E) Jaundice
Appearance of a permanent tan; bronzing.

Question 20

Match the following:

A) Vellus
B) Stratum basale
C) Sudoriferous glands
D) Stratum corneum
The layer of the epidermis where the cells are considered protective but nonviable.

Question 21

Joe just burned himself on a hot pot. A blister forms and the burn is painful. Joe's burn would best be described as a third-degree burn.

Question 22

Figure 5.2
Using Figure 5.2, match the following:
Epidermis

Question 23

The hyponychium is commonly called the cuticle.

Question 24

Match the following:

A) Erythema
B) Pallor
C) Cyanosis
D) Addison's disease
E) Jaundice
A bluish color in light-skinned individuals.

Question 25

When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the dermal blood vessels will dilate so that blood and heat will be dissipated.

Question 26

The skin is not able to receive stimuli because the cells of the epidermis are not living and therefore there are no sensory receptors in the skin.

Question 27

Figure 5.2
Using Figure 5.2, match the following:
Hypodermis

Question 28

Figure 5.2
Using Figure 5.2, match the following:
Reticular layer of the dermis

Question 29

The dense fibrous connective tissue portion of the skin is located in the reticular region of the dermis.

Question 30

Figure 5.2
Using Figure 5.2, match the following:
Papillary layer of the dermis

Question 31

Skin surface markings that reflect points of tight dermal attachment to underlying tissues are called epidermal ridges.

Question 32

The dermis is rich in blood vessels and nerve fibers.

Question 33

The protein found in large amounts in the outermost layer of epidermal cells is collagen.

Question 34

The most dangerous skin cancer is cancer of the melanocytes.

Question 35

The reason that the nail bed appears pink is the presence of a large number of melanocytes in the underlying dermis.

Question 36

A physician is often able to detect homeostatic imbalances in the body by observing changes in the skin color.

Question 37

The outermost sheath of a hair follicle is the connective tissue root sheath.

Question 38

Regardless of race, all human beings have about the same number of melanocytes.

Question 39

The apocrine sweat glands are fairly unimportant in thermoregulation.

Question 40

During the regressive phase of hair growth, the matrix is inactive and the follicle atrophies.

Question 41

The pinkish hue of individuals with fair skin is the result of the crimson color of oxygenated hemoglobin (contained in red blood cells) circulating in the dermal capillaries and reflecting through the epidermis.

Question 42

Hair growth and density are influenced by hormones, nutrition, and, in some cases, lifestyle.

Question 43

Which of the following is a skin sensory receptor for touch?

A) Pacinian corpuscle
B) tactile corpuscle
C) Ruffini body
D) free nerve ending

Question 44

Which of the following cutaneous receptors is specialized for the reception of touch or light pressure?

A) Meissner's corpuscles
B) Pacinian corpuscles
C) free nerve endings
D) Krause's end bulbs

Question 45

When a patient is said to have "third-degree burns," this indicates that the patient has burns that cover approximately one-third or more of the body.

Question 46

Which glands produce ear wax?

A) Merocrine glands
B) Apocrine glands
C) Ceruminous glands
D) Eccrine Glands

Question 47

The function of the root hair plexus is to ________.

A) serve as a source for new epidermal cells for hair growth after the resting stage has passed
B) bind the hair root to the dermis
C) cause apocrine gland secretion into the hair follicle
D) allow the hair to assist in touch sensation

Question 48

Ceruminous glands are modified merocrine glands.

Question 49

Acne is a disorder associated with ________.

A) sweat glands
B) sebaceous glands
C) Meibomian glands
D) ceruminous glands

Question 50

Sweat glands continuously produce small amounts of sweat, even in cooler temperatures.

Question 51

The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that ________.

A) it is located just below the epidermis and protects the dermis from shock
B) it has no delicate nerve endings and can therefore absorb more shock
C) the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber
D) the cells that make up the hypodermis secrete a protective mucus

Question 52

What is the most important role of the arrector pili muscles in humans?

A) Help retain heat
B) Defense
C) Cause the hair follicle to stand erect
D) Force sebum out of the hair follicle to the skin surface

Question 53

The stratum corneum (outermost layer of skin) is a zone of approximately four layers of viable cells that are able to synthesize proteins that keep the outer layer of skin smooth and soft.

Question 54

Which statement correctly explains why hair appears the way it does?

A) Kinky hair has flat, ribbonlike hair shafts.
B) Perfectly round hair shafts result in wavy hair.
C) Air bubbles in the hair shaft cause straight hair.
D) Gray hair is the result of hormonal action altering the chemical composition of melanin.

Question 55

The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________

A) race
B) genetics
C) use of farm chemicals
D) overexposure to UV radiation

Question 56

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?

A) basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum
B) basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum
C) granulosum, basale, spinosum, corneum
D) corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

Question 57

Although the integument is a covering, it is by no means simple, and some of its functions include ________.

A) the dermis providing the major mechanical barrier to chemicals, water, and other external substances
B) resident macrophage-like cells whose function is to ingest antigenic invaders and present them to the immune system
C) cooling the body by increasing the action of sebaceous glands during high-temperature conditions
D) epidermal blood vessels serving as a blood reservoir

Question 58

The major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following except ________.

A) medulla
B) cortex
C) external root sheath
D) cuticle

Question 59

A splinter penetrated into the skin of the sole of the foot, almost to the papillary region of the dermis. Which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured?

A) granulosum
B) basale
C) lucidum
D) spinosum

Question 60

Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer.

A) Most tumors that arise on the skin are malignant.
B) Squamous cell carcinomas arise from the stratum corneum.
C) Basal cell carcinomas are the least common but most malignant.
D) Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing.

Question 61

The dermis has two major layers. Which layer constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin?

A) the reticular layer
B) the subcutaneous layer
C) the hypodermal layer
D) the papillary layer

Question 62

Which type of skin cancer appears as a scaly reddened papule and tends to grow rapidly and metastasize?

A) Melanoma
B) Squamous cell carcinoma
C) Basal cell carcinoma
D) Adenoma

Question 63

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands?

A) sebaceous and merocrine
B) mammary and ceruminous
C) eccrine and apocrine
D) holocrine and mammary

Question 64

The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer. Which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis?

A) goblet cells, parietal cells, and chondrocytes
B) monocytes, reticulocytes, and osteocytes
C) fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells
D) osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and epithelial cells

Question 65

The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated ________.

A) by high temperatures
B) when the air temperature drops
C) by hormones, especially androgens
D) as a protective coating when one is swimming

Question 66

The design of a person's epidermal ridges is determined by the manner in which the papillae rest upon the dermal ridges to produce the specific pattern known as handprints, footprints, and fingerprints. Which of the following statements is True regarding these prints or ridges?

A) Every human being has the same pattern of ridges.
B) They are genetically determined, therefore unique to each person.
C) Because we are constantly shedding epithelial cells, these ridges are changing daily.
D) Identical twins do not have the same pattern of ridges.

Question 67

Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem to play little role in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body?

A) in all body regions and buried deep in the dermis
B) beneath the flexure lines in the body
C) in the axillary and anogenital area
D) in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

Question 68

Which of the following cells and their functions are correctly matched?

A) Keratinocytes - provide sense of touch and pressure
B) Melanocytes - protects cells in the stratum corneum from damaging effects of sun's rays
C) Dendritic cells - activate the immune system
D) Tactile cells - protection

Question 69

Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin?

A) Lamellar granules of the cells of the stratum granulosum, a glycolipid that is secreted into extracellular spaces.
B) The size and shape of the cells that make up the stratum spinosum, as well as the thick bundles of intermediate filaments.
C) The dermis is the thickest portion of the skin and water cannot pass through it.
D) Fat associated with skin prevents water loss.

Question 70

A dendritic or Langerhan cell is a specialized ________.

A) squamous epithelial cell
B) phagocytic cell
C) nerve cell
D) melanocyte

Question 71

Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been previously stretched and/or torn?

A) There is an episode of acute pain due to the large number of tactile corpuscles.
B) The appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis.
C) The blood vessels in the dermis rupture and the blood passes through the tissue, causing permanent "black-and-blue marks."
D) The stretching causes the tension lines to disappear.

Question 72

The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement?

A) stratum corneum
B) stratum granulosum
C) stratum basale
D) stratum lucidum

Question 73

The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is ________.

A) primarily uric acid
B) 99% water, sodium chloride, trace amounts of wastes, and vitamin C
C) fatty substances, proteins, antibodies, and trace amounts of minerals and vitamins
D) metabolic wastes

Question 74

The papillary layer of the dermis is connective tissue heavily invested with blood vessels. The superficial surface has structures called:

A) dermal papillae.
B) hair follicles.
C) ceruminous glands.
D) reticular papillae.

Question 75

In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin?

A) It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism.
B) It aids in the transport of materials throughout the body.
C) The cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy.
D) It absorbs vitamin C so that the skin will not be subject to diseases.

Question 76

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage?

A) The skin is protected by the synthesis of three pigments that contribute to the skin's color.
B) Carotene, which accumulates in the stratum corneum and hypodermal adipose tissue, is synthesized in large amounts in the presence of sunlight.
C) The skin is protected by increasing the number of epidermal dendritic cells, which help to activate the immune system.
D) Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen.

Question 77

Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which of the following changes would suggest that a patient is suffering from Addison's disease?

A) The skin takes on a bronze or metallic appearance.
B) Black-and-blue marks become evident for no apparent cause.
C) The skin appears to have an abnormal, yellowish tint.
D) It is impossible to suggest Addison's disease from an inspection of a person's skin.

Question 78

The integumentary system is protected by the action of cells that arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis. Which of the following cells serve this function?

A) cells found in the stratum spinosum
B) macrophages called dendritic cells (Langerhans Cell)
C) keratinocytes, because they are so versatile
D) tactile cells

Question 79

What are the most important factors influencing hair growth?

A) sex and hormones
B) age and glandular products
C) the size and number of hair follicles
D) nutrition and hormones

Question 80

Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes ________.

A) provide the melanocyte with nutrients necessary for melanin synthesis
B) accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a UV-blocking pigment layer
C) maintain the appropriate pH in order for the melanocyte to synthesize melanin granules
D) maintain the appropriate temperature so the product of the melanocyte will not denature